Patent US7308110B2 successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US7308110B2
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Methods for marking images
Assignee: Digimarc Corp
•
Filing: 2003-02-26
•
Granted: 2007-12-11
•
Expires: 2023-02-26
Abstract
Abstract An image is marked by making slight changes to pixel values. These changes are essentially imperceptible on human scrutiny, but detectable by computer analysis. Such markings have applications in identifying ownership of images (including video), and also in device control (e.g., triggering a "do not copy" response in suitably configured hardware and software systems).
Inventors
- 👤 Geoffrey B. Rhoads
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-09 11:51
CPC Classifications
G; G06; G06K; G06K7/00; G06K7/10; G06K7/14; G06K7/1404; G06K7/1408; G06K7/1417; B; B42; B42D; B42D25/00; G06F; G06F16/00; G06F16/90; G06F16/95; G06F16/955; G06K19/00; G06K19/06; G06K19/06009; G06K19/06037; G06K19/06046; G06K19/08; G06K19/10; G06K19/14; G06K19/18; G06K7/1439; G06K7/1447; G06Q; G06Q20/00; G06Q20/08; G06Q20/12; G06Q20/123; G06Q20/1235; G06Q20/30; G06Q20/34; G06Q20/341; G06Q20/38; G06Q20/40; G06Q20/401; G06Q20/4014; G06Q20/40145; G06T; G06T1/00; G06T1/0021; G06T1/005; G06T1/0064; G06V; G06V30/00; G06V30/40; G07; G07C; G07C9/00; G07C9/20; G07C9/22; G07C9/25; G07C9/253; G07D; G07D7/00; G07D7/003; G07D7/0032; G07D7/0034; G07D7/004; G07F; G07F17/00; G07F17/0014; G07F17/16; G07F17/26; G07F7/00; G07F7/08; G07F7/086; G07F7/10; G07F7/1008; G07F7/1016; G07F7/12; G10; G10L; G10L19/00; G10L19/018; G11; G11B; G11B20/00; G11B20/00086; G11B20/00094; G11B20/00115; G11B20/00166; G11B20/00181; G11B20/0021; G11B20/00217; G11B20/00231; G11B20/0071; G11B20/00884; G11B20/00891; H; H04; H04B; H04B1/00; H04B1/66; H04B1/665; H04N; H04N1/00; H04N1/00002; H04N1/00005; H04N1/00026; H04N1/00037; H04N1/00071; H04N1/00074; H04N1/00079; H04N1/32; H04N1/32101; H04N1/32144; H04N1/32149; H04N1/32154; H04N1/3216; H04N1/32203; H04N1/32208; H04N1/32251; H04N1/32288; H04N1/32352; H04N21/00; H04N21/20; H04N21/23; H04N21/238; H04N21/2389; H04N21/23892; H04N21/80; H04N21/83; H04N21/835; H04N21/8358; H04N5/00; H04N5/76; H04N5/91; H04N5/913; G06K2019/06215; G06K2019/06253; G06T2201/00; G06T2201/005; G06T2201/0052; H04L; H04L2463/00; H04L2463/103; H04N1/32106; H04N1/32122; H04N2005/91307; H04N2005/91321; H04N2005/91335; H04N2201/00; H04N2201/32; H04N2201/3201; H04N2201/3204; H04N2201/3205; H04N2201/3207; H04N2201/3225; H04N2201/3226; H04N2201/3233; H04N2201/3269; H04N2201/327; H04N2201/3271; H04N2201/3274; H04N2201/328; H04W; H04W24/00
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 30
Claim 1
Independent Claim
101 words
A method for imparting a watermark onto a digital image, said method comprising: providing a digital image said image being represented by an image array having a plurality of pixels, said pixels being obtained from digitizing a color image, said watermark being formed using an array having a plurality of distinct watermarking elements, each of said distinct watermarking elements having an array position and having one-to-one positional correspondence with said image pixels, and adjusting said brightness data associated with said pixels by a predetermined brightness, wherein said brightness is a corresponding distinct watermarking element, and said watermark has an invisibility classification.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
101 words
A method for imparting a watermark onto a digital image, said method comprising: providing a digital image said image being represented by an image array having a plurality of pixels, said pixels being obtained from digitizing a color image, said watermark being formed using an array having a plurality of distinct watermarking elements, each of said distinct watermarking elements having an array position and having one-to-one positional correspondence with said image pixels, and adjusting said brightness data associated with said pixels by a predetermined brightness, wherein said brightness is a corresponding distinct watermarking element, and said watermark has an invisibility classification.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
24 words
A method as recited in claim 1 , wherein said predetermined brightness has a relationship with a number taken from a random number sequence.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
19 words
A method as recited in claim 2 , wherein said relationship is a scaling to provide a desired strength.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
28 words
A method as recited in claim 3 , wherein said strength lies in the domain greater than or equal to zero and less than or equal to 0.5.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
56 words
A computer program product comprising a computer usable medium having computer readable program code means embodied therein for causing a watermark to be imparted into an image, the computer readable program code means in said computer program product comprising computer readable program code means for causing a computer to effect the steps of claim 1 .
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
22 words
An apparatus to impart a watermark onto a digital image, said apparatus comprising mechanisms for implementing the method of claim 1 .
Claim 8
Independent Claim
157 words
A method for imparting a watermark onto a digital image comprising the steps of: providing said digital image comprised of a plurality of pixels, wherein each of said pixels includes brightness data that represents a brightness of the digital image, the digital image obtained from digitizing a color image; and altering said brightness data associated with a plurality of said pixels without changing color; wherein said image has I rows and J columns, and has a pixel in row i and column j having at least one brightness, Y(i, j), and the step of altering includes: adding to or subtracting from the brightness Y(i, j) a different small random value ∈(i, j), wherein 1 is less than or equal to i is less than or equal to I and 1 is less than or equal to j is less than or equal to J are the row and column indices of a pixel location in the image.
Claim 9
Independent Claim
157 words
A method for imparting a watermark onto a digital image comprising the steps of: providing said digital image comprised of a plurality of pixels, wherein each of said pixels includes brightness data that represents a brightness of the digital image, the digital image obtained from digitizing a color image; and altering said brightness data associated with a plurality of said pixels without changing color; wherein said image has I rows and J columns, and has a pixel in row i and column j having at least one brightness, Y(i, j), and the step of altering includes: adding to or subtracting from the brightness Y(i, j) a different small random value ∈(i, j), wherein 1 is less than or equal to i is less than or equal to I and 1 is less than or equal to j is less than or equal to J are the row and column indices of a pixel location in the image.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method as recited in claim 7 , including scaling ∈(i, j) as a function of an original brightness of the pixel.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
56 words
A computer program product comprising a computer usable medium having computer readable program code means embodied therein for causing a watermark to be imparted into an image, the computer readable program code means in said computer program product comprising computer readable program code means for causing a computer to effect the steps of claim 7 .
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
20 words
An apparatus for imparting a watermark onto a digital image comprising mechanisms for implementing the method of claim 7 .
Claim 13
Independent Claim
132 words
A method for imparting a watermark onto a digital image comprising the steps of: providing said digital image comprised of a plurality of pixels, wherein each of said pixels includes brightness data that represents a brightness of the digital image, with said digital image having I rows and J columns, and a pixel in row i and column j having a brightness Y(i, j); and for a plurality i and at least one j adding to or subtracting from the brightness Y(i, j) a random value ∈(i, j), wherein 1 is less than or equal to i is less than or equal to I and 1 is less than or equal to j is less than equal to J are the row and column indices of a pixel location in the image.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
132 words
A method for imparting a watermark onto a digital image comprising the steps of: providing said digital image comprised of a plurality of pixels, wherein each of said pixels includes brightness data that represents a brightness of the digital image, with said digital image having I rows and J columns, and a pixel in row i and column j having a brightness Y(i, j); and for a plurality i and at least one j adding to or subtracting from the brightness Y(i, j) a random value ∈(i, j), wherein 1 is less than or equal to i is less than or equal to I and 1 is less than or equal to j is less than equal to J are the row and column indices of a pixel location in the image.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method as recited in claim 11 , wherein ∈(i, j) is in the domain 0 to 1 multiplied by Y(i, j).
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
56 words
A computer program product comprising a computer usable medium having computer readable program code means embodied therein for causing a watermark to be imparted into an image, the computer readable program code means in said computer program product comprising computer readable program code means for causing a computer to effect the steps of claim 11 .
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
20 words
An apparatus for imparting a watermark onto a digitized image comprising mechanisms for implementing the method of claim 11 .
Claim 18
Independent Claim
88 words
A method for generating a watermarked image, the method comprising: imparting a watermark onto a digital image having a plurality of original pixels, each of said pixels having at least one original pixel brightness value; providing said digital watermarking signal comprising a plurality of watermarking elements, each element having a watermark brightness and having one-to-one positional correspondence with said original pixels; and producing a watermarked image by adjusting said original brightness of each of said original pixels by said brightness of a corresponding one of said watermark elements.
Claim 19
Independent Claim
88 words
A method for generating a watermarked image, the method comprising: imparting a watermark onto a digital image having a plurality of original pixels, each of said pixels having at least one original pixel brightness value; providing said digital watermarking signal comprising a plurality of watermarking elements, each element having a watermark brightness and having one-to-one positional correspondence with said original pixels; and producing a watermarked image by adjusting said original brightness of each of said original pixels by said brightness of a corresponding one of said watermark elements.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
53 words
A computer program product comprising a computer usable medium having computer readable program code means embodied therein for causing generation of a watermarked image, the computer readable program code means in said computer program product comprising computer readable program code means for causing a computer to effect the steps of claim 15 .
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
17 words
An apparatus for generating a watermarked image comprising mechanisms for implementing the method of claim 15 .
Claim 22
Independent Claim
133 words
A method for imparting a watermark onto a digital image comprising the steps of: providing said digital image comprised of a plurality of image pixels with said digitized image having I rows and J columns, and a pixel in row i and column j having at least one component, Y(i, j); and adding to or subtracting from said brightness data associated with at least one of said pixels a predetermined brightness adding factor in the range of 0 to Y(i, j), or brightness subtracting factor in the range of 0 to Y(i, j), wherein said brightness adding or subtracting factor has a relationship with a number taken from a random number sequence, said relationship is a scaling to provide a desired strength, and said strength is less than or equal to 50 percent.
Claim 23
Independent Claim
133 words
A method for imparting a watermark onto a digital image comprising the steps of: providing said digital image comprised of a plurality of image pixels with said digitized image having I rows and J columns, and a pixel in row i and column j having at least one component, Y(i, j); and adding to or subtracting from said brightness data associated with at least one of said pixels a predetermined brightness adding factor in the range of 0 to Y(i, j), or brightness subtracting factor in the range of 0 to Y(i, j), wherein said brightness adding or subtracting factor has a relationship with a number taken from a random number sequence, said relationship is a scaling to provide a desired strength, and said strength is less than or equal to 50 percent.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
57 words
An article of manufacture comprising a computer usable medium having computer readable program code means embodied therein for causing a watermark to be imparted onto a digital image, the computer readable program code means in said article of manufacture comprising computer readable program code means for causing a computer to effect the steps of claim 18 .
Claim 25
Independent Claim
138 words
A method for imparting a watermark onto a digital image comprising the steps of: providing said digital image comprised of a plurality of image pixels with said image having I rows and J columns, and a pixel in row i and column j having at least one component, Y(i, j); and adding to or subtracting from brightness data associated with at least one of said pixels by a predetermined brightness adding or subtracting factor in the range of 0 to Y(i, j), wherein said brightness adding or subtracting factor has a relationship with a number taken from a random number sequence, said relationship is a scaling to provide a desired strength, said sequence is formed from a plurality of robust watermarking parameters, and said parameters comprise a cryptographic key, and an initial value of said random number generator.
Claim 26
Independent Claim
138 words
A method for imparting a watermark onto a digital image comprising the steps of: providing said digital image comprised of a plurality of image pixels with said image having I rows and J columns, and a pixel in row i and column j having at least one component, Y(i, j); and adding to or subtracting from brightness data associated with at least one of said pixels by a predetermined brightness adding or subtracting factor in the range of 0 to Y(i, j), wherein said brightness adding or subtracting factor has a relationship with a number taken from a random number sequence, said relationship is a scaling to provide a desired strength, said sequence is formed from a plurality of robust watermarking parameters, and said parameters comprise a cryptographic key, and an initial value of said random number generator.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
57 words
An article of manufacture comprising a computer usable medium having computer readable program code means embodied therein for causing a watermark to be imparted onto a digital image, the computer readable program code means in said article of manufacture comprising computer readable program code means for causing a computer to effect the steps of claim 20 .
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
20 words
An apparatus for imparting a watermark onto a digital image comprising mechanisms for implementing the method of claim 20 .
Claim 29
Independent Claim
131 words
A method for detecting a watermarking plane comprising the steps of: providing an image having a plurality of image pixels, u(i, j), with said image having I rows and J columns, and a pixel in row i and column j having at least one component, marked by a watermarking signal; said watermarking signal having a plurality of watermarking elements, w(i, j), with said watermarking signal having I rows and J columns, and an element in row i and column j having a brightness; aligning said watermarking plane with said image; identifying a subset of said image elements; and for each pixel, u(i, j), of said subset of image pixels, employing a detection scheme in determining a probability of watermark detection based on a property of random brightness adding or subtracting factors.
Claim 30
Independent Claim
131 words
A method for detecting a watermarking plane comprising the steps of: providing an image having a plurality of image pixels, u(i, j), with said image having I rows and J columns, and a pixel in row i and column j having at least one component, marked by a watermarking signal; said watermarking signal having a plurality of watermarking elements, w(i, j), with said watermarking signal having I rows and J columns, and an element in row i and column j having a brightness; aligning said watermarking plane with said image; identifying a subset of said image elements; and for each pixel, u(i, j), of said subset of image pixels, employing a detection scheme in determining a probability of watermark detection based on a property of random brightness adding or subtracting factors.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2010-12-10 | 2011-06-11 | 2011-12-11 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2014-12-10 | 2015-06-11 | 2015-12-11 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2018-12-10 | 2019-06-11 | 2019-12-11 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |