Patent US6094860A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US6094860A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Stabilized turf for athletic field
Assignee: Technology Licensing Corp
•
Filing: 1998-11-11
•
Granted: 2000-08-01
•
Expires: 2018-11-11
Abstract
Abstract A stabilized turf (10) particularly suitable for athletic fields includes a mat (18) interposed between upper (24) and lower (16) layers of growth media, the mat (18) having a horizontally disposed, biodegradable primary backing (22) and generally upwardly extending fibers (20) secured thereto, wherein the fibers (20) extend above the upper layer (24) of growth media. Natural grass plants (26) extend upwardly above the upper layer (24), with the roots extending down through the backing (22) and into the lower layer (16). The mat (18) stabilizes root growth, particularly during initial grow in. The biodegradability of the primary backing (22) results in a loss of all or most of its horizontal structural integrity within a predetermined time period. The primary backing (22) may be treated with a decomposition agent to control the predetermined time period for decomposition, a stabilizing agent to assist in holding the upright fibers (20) or a growth agent for the natural turf grass. The mat (18) may also include a reinforcement primary backing (122a), to which the fibers (20) may be secured along with the biodegradable primary, or the reinforcement primary could stand alone, above or below the biodegradable primary. Aerating helps to disperse, i.e., reorient and vertically distribute, the fibers (22) within a subsurface vertical band (22a) greater in vertical dimension than the upper layer of growth media. The stabilized turf (10) can also be topdressed. Thus, this turf (10) is adapted to accommodate both aeration and topdressing, two well-recognized and advocated turf management practices.
Inventors
- 👤 Joseph E. Motz
- 👤 Mark A. Heinlein
- 👤 Steve Linville
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-06 17:36
CPC Classifications
E; E01; E01C; E01C13/00; E01C13/08; E01C13/083; A; A01; A01G; A01G20/00; E01C2013/086; Y; Y10; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/23907; Y10T428/23957; Y10T428/23979
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 58
Claim 1
Independent Claim
162 words
A stabilized natural turf comprising: a foundation; a mat residing on the foundation, and including a backing oriented horizontally and a plurality of fibers held by the backing and extending generally upwardly therefrom; an upper layer of growth media located above the mat; natural grass plants having roots and crowns, the roots extending downwardly through the upper layer and through the backing and into the foundation and the crowns located above the backing, the tops of the grass plants and the fibers extending above the upper layer; the backing including at least two primaries, with a first primary and a second primary, the second primary being more permeable in construction than the first primary, at least at the time of installation, an the first primary degrades after installation to facilitate vertical migration of the fibers in response to aeration into the foundation, so that the fibers eventually occupy a stabilized zone greater in vertical dimension than the upper layer of growth media.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
162 words
A stabilized natural turf comprising: a foundation; a mat residing on the foundation, and including a backing oriented horizontally and a plurality of fibers held by the backing and extending generally upwardly therefrom; an upper layer of growth media located above the mat; natural grass plants having roots and crowns, the roots extending downwardly through the upper layer and through the backing and into the foundation and the crowns located above the backing, the tops of the grass plants and the fibers extending above the upper layer; the backing including at least two primaries, with a first primary and a second primary, the second primary being more permeable in construction than the first primary, at least at the time of installation, an the first primary degrades after installation to facilitate vertical migration of the fibers in response to aeration into the foundation, so that the fibers eventually occupy a stabilized zone greater in vertical dimension than the upper layer of growth media.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
14 words
The stabilized natural turf of claim 1 wherein the first primary is substantially biodegradable.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
22 words
The stabilized natural turf of claim 2 wherein the first primary comprises one of the following materials, jute, burlap, hemp, flax, sisal.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
16 words
The stabilized natural turf of claim 1 wherein the second primary comprises a reinforcing non-biodegradable mesh.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
37 words
The stabilized natural turf claim 1 wherein the fibers are secured to the first and second primaries of the backing and except for the securement affected by the fibers, the first and second primaries are otherwise unattached.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
26 words
The stabilized natural turf of claim 2 wherein the backing or the growth media includes a decomposition agent to control the predetermined time period for biodegrading.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
42 words
The stabilized natural turf of claim 1 wherein at least one of the primaries of the mat further includes at least one secondary which has at least one of the following agents: a stabilizing agent, a decomposition agent and a growth agent.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
22 words
The stabilized natural turf of claim 1 wherein the second primary comprises a stand alone mesh in contact with the first primary.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
20 words
The stabilized natural turf of claim 5 wherein the fibers are secured to the first and second primaries by tufting.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
33 words
The stabilized turf of claim 1 wherein the stabilized turf includes a plurality of like sections of the stabilized turf arranged end to end in rows, the backings of adjacent sections secured together.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
17 words
The stabilized turf of claim 10 wherein the sections are secured together by sewing or by stapling.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
61 words
A method of maintaining a stabilized natural turf according to claim 1 comprising: aerating the stabilized natural turf by moving tines downwardly below the level of the backing, thereby causing at least some of the fibers to detach from the backing and to vertically disperse to a stabilization band having a vertical dimension greater than the upper layer of growth media.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
152 words
A stabilized natural turf comprising: (a) a bottom support surface; (b) a lower layer of growth media located above the support surface; (c) a mat supported on the lower layer, the mat having a backing oriented horizontally and fibers extending generally upwardly therefrom, the backing including a first degradable primary and a second non-degradable primary which is initially more permeable than the first primary, the first primary being selected to have a composition, weight and density to sufficiently degrade after installation so as to eventually become more permeable, over time, than the second primary; (d) an upper layer of growth media located above the mat; and (e) natural grass plants having roots and crowns, the roots extending downwardly through the upper layer and through the backing and into the lower layer, and the crowns located above the backing, the tops of the grass plants and the fibers extending above the upper layer.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
152 words
A stabilized natural turf comprising: (a) a bottom support surface; (b) a lower layer of growth media located above the support surface; (c) a mat supported on the lower layer, the mat having a backing oriented horizontally and fibers extending generally upwardly therefrom, the backing including a first degradable primary and a second non-degradable primary which is initially more permeable than the first primary, the first primary being selected to have a composition, weight and density to sufficiently degrade after installation so as to eventually become more permeable, over time, than the second primary; (d) an upper layer of growth media located above the mat; and (e) natural grass plants having roots and crowns, the roots extending downwardly through the upper layer and through the backing and into the lower layer, and the crowns located above the backing, the tops of the grass plants and the fibers extending above the upper layer.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
16 words
The stabilized natural turf of claim 13 wherein the second primary is an open cell mesh.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
14 words
The stabilized natural turf of claim 13 wherein the first degradable primary is biodegradable.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
41 words
A method of maintaining the stabilized natural turf of claim 13 comprising: treating at least one of the upper layer, the lower layer and the second primary so as to affect degradation of the first primary within a predetermined time period.
Claim 19
Independent Claim
150 words
A method of forming a stabilized natural turf comprising; placing parallel rows of mesh sections above an underlying support layer, thereby to create a mesh layer; placing parallel rows of stabilizer sections above the underlying support layer, adjacent the mesh layer, thereby to create a stabilizer layer, each of the stabilizer sections including a substantially degradable primary backing and fibers secured to the primary backing and oriented substantially upright when the backing is disposed horizontally; applying an upper fill layer above the stabilizer sections, and planting natural grass plants in the upper fill layer, the primary backing being of sufficient openness to permit downward growth therethrough of the roots of the natural grass plants, the composition of the backing being selectively controlled to cause substantial degrading within a predetermined time period after installation, and the fibers adapted to provide stabilization for the roots and crowns of the natural grass plants.
Claim 20
Independent Claim
150 words
A method of forming a stabilized natural turf comprising; placing parallel rows of mesh sections above an underlying support layer, thereby to create a mesh layer; placing parallel rows of stabilizer sections above the underlying support layer, adjacent the mesh layer, thereby to create a stabilizer layer, each of the stabilizer sections including a substantially degradable primary backing and fibers secured to the primary backing and oriented substantially upright when the backing is disposed horizontally; applying an upper fill layer above the stabilizer sections, and planting natural grass plants in the upper fill layer, the primary backing being of sufficient openness to permit downward growth therethrough of the roots of the natural grass plants, the composition of the backing being selectively controlled to cause substantial degrading within a predetermined time period after installation, and the fibers adapted to provide stabilization for the roots and crowns of the natural grass plants.
Claim 21
Independent Claim
29 words
The method of 17 wherein the underlying support layer comprises a lower layer of growth media for supporting root growth of the natural plants of the stabilized natural turf.
Claim 22
Independent Claim
29 words
The method of 17 wherein the underlying support layer comprises a lower layer of growth media for supporting root growth of the natural plants of the stabilized natural turf.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 17 wherein the underlying support layer comprises a barrier surface located at a growth site.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 17 wherein the mesh layer resides below the stabilizer layer.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 17 wherein the rows of the mesh layer intersect the rows of the stabilizer layer at an angle.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 17 wherein the angle is about 90°.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 17 and further comprising: securing the mesh sections together.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 17 and further comprising: securing the stabilizer sections together.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 17 and further comprising: treating the upper fill layer to affect degradation of the primary backing within the predetermined time period.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
10 words
The method of claim 25 wherein the treating accelerates degradation.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 25 wherein the treating occurs prior to said planting.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 17 wherein the primary backing degrades via biodegradation.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 16 wherein the treating occurs prior to growth of the natural grass plants.
Claim 34
Independent Claim
161 words
A method of stabilizing a natural turf comprising; preparing a foundation; placing parallel rows of stabilizer sections on the foundation, thereby to create a stabilizer layer, each of the stabilizer sections including a water permeable and root permeable backing with fibers secured thereto, the fibers oriented substantially upright when the backing is disposed horizontally, each of the backings being partially degradable over time, thereby to increase water permeability and root permeability; applying an upper fill layer above the stabilizer layer; planting natural grass plants in the upper fill layer, the backing being of sufficient openness to permit downward growth therethrough of the roots of the natural grass plants, the composition of the backing being selectively controlled to cause degrading within a predetermined time period after installation, and the fibers adapted to provide stabilization for the roots and the crown of the natural grass plants; and treating the upper fill layer to affect degradation of the backing within the predetermined time period.
Claim 35
Independent Claim
161 words
A method of stabilizing a natural turf comprising; preparing a foundation; placing parallel rows of stabilizer sections on the foundation, thereby to create a stabilizer layer, each of the stabilizer sections including a water permeable and root permeable backing with fibers secured thereto, the fibers oriented substantially upright when the backing is disposed horizontally, each of the backings being partially degradable over time, thereby to increase water permeability and root permeability; applying an upper fill layer above the stabilizer layer; planting natural grass plants in the upper fill layer, the backing being of sufficient openness to permit downward growth therethrough of the roots of the natural grass plants, the composition of the backing being selectively controlled to cause degrading within a predetermined time period after installation, and the fibers adapted to provide stabilization for the roots and the crown of the natural grass plants; and treating the upper fill layer to affect degradation of the backing within the predetermined time period.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
10 words
The method of claim 30 wherein the treating accelerates degradation.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 30 wherein the treating occurs prior to said planting.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 30 wherein the primary backing degrades via biodegradation.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
22 words
The stabilized turf of claim 1 wherein the first primary is the upper primary and the second primary is the lower primary.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
17 words
The stabilized natural turf of claim 1 wherein the first primary degrades within a predetermined time period.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
22 words
The stabilized natural turf of claim 35 wherein the first primary has been treated to affect degradation within the predetermined time period.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
182 words
A stabilized natural turf comprising: a foundation; a mat residing on the foundation, the mat including a backing oriented horizontally and a plurality of fibers held by the backing and extending generally upwardly therefrom; an upper layer of growth media located above the mat and surrounding the fibers; natural grass plants having roots and crowns, the roots extending downwardly through the upper layer and through the backing and into the foundation and the crowns located above the backing, the tops of the grass plants extending above the upper layer; and wherein the backing includes two primaries, with a first primary and a second primary, the second primary being more open in construction than the first primary, at least initially at the time of installation, so that the two primaries have different degrees of permeability, thereby to facilitate root growth therethrough and also to promote vertical migration of the fibers in response to aeration of the stabilized natural turf down to the foundation, to promote the fibers eventually occupying a stabilized zone greater in vertical dimension than the upper layer of growth media.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
182 words
A stabilized natural turf comprising: a foundation; a mat residing on the foundation, the mat including a backing oriented horizontally and a plurality of fibers held by the backing and extending generally upwardly therefrom; an upper layer of growth media located above the mat and surrounding the fibers; natural grass plants having roots and crowns, the roots extending downwardly through the upper layer and through the backing and into the foundation and the crowns located above the backing, the tops of the grass plants extending above the upper layer; and wherein the backing includes two primaries, with a first primary and a second primary, the second primary being more open in construction than the first primary, at least initially at the time of installation, so that the two primaries have different degrees of permeability, thereby to facilitate root growth therethrough and also to promote vertical migration of the fibers in response to aeration of the stabilized natural turf down to the foundation, to promote the fibers eventually occupying a stabilized zone greater in vertical dimension than the upper layer of growth media.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
27 words
The stabilized natural turf of claim 37 wherein the fibers are tufted to both of the primaries of the backing and the two primaries are otherwise unattached.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
16 words
The stabilized natural turf of claim 37 wherein at least one of the primaries is woven.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
17 words
The stabilized natural turf of claim 37 wherein at least one of the primaries is substantially biodegradable.
Claim 47
Independent Claim
111 words
A method of installing a stabilized natural turf comprising; preparing a foundation; placing a stabilizer mat on the foundation, the stabilizer mat including a horizontal backing and a plurality of generally upright fibers held to the backing, the backing including two primaries wherein at least one of the primaries is of woven material; adding a layer of growth media onto the backing to at least partially fill the mat and to promote upright orientation of the fibers; and initiating the growth of natural grass plants near an upper surface of the layer of growth media, whereby the roots of the natural grass plants eventually extend downward through and below the backing.
Claim 48
Independent Claim
111 words
A method of installing a stabilized natural turf comprising; preparing a foundation; placing a stabilizer mat on the foundation, the stabilizer mat including a horizontal backing and a plurality of generally upright fibers held to the backing, the backing including two primaries wherein at least one of the primaries is of woven material; adding a layer of growth media onto the backing to at least partially fill the mat and to promote upright orientation of the fibers; and initiating the growth of natural grass plants near an upper surface of the layer of growth media, whereby the roots of the natural grass plants eventually extend downward through and below the backing.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 41 wherein the fibers are tufted to the backing.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 41 wherein one of the primaries is more permeable than the other of the primaries.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
72 words
A method of maintaining the stabilized natural turf installed according to the method of claim 41, comprising: aerating the stabilized natural turf to a depth below the backing, thereby to cause at least some of the fibers to release from the backing and to reorient within the layer of growth media, resulting in the creation of a stabilized band having a vertical dimension greater than the original vertical dimension of the fibers.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
105 words
A stabilized natural turf, made according to the process comprising: creating a backing, the backing including a first woven primary and a second primary, the two primaries together being sufficiently root permeable to permit passage therethrough by roots of natural grass plants; tufting a plurality of fibers to the two primaries, the fibers adapted to extend generally upwardly when the two primaries are oriented horizontally on a foundation; and installing the backing and the fibers on the ground and growing natural grass plants thereon such that the blades thereof eventually extend upwardly above the fibers and the roots thereof eventually extend downwardly through the backing.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
105 words
A stabilized natural turf, made according to the process comprising: creating a backing, the backing including a first woven primary and a second primary, the two primaries together being sufficiently root permeable to permit passage therethrough by roots of natural grass plants; tufting a plurality of fibers to the two primaries, the fibers adapted to extend generally upwardly when the two primaries are oriented horizontally on a foundation; and installing the backing and the fibers on the ground and growing natural grass plants thereon such that the blades thereof eventually extend upwardly above the fibers and the roots thereof eventually extend downwardly through the backing.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
15 words
The stabilized natural turf of claim 45 wherein the first woven primary is substantially biodegradable.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
18 words
The stabilized natural turf of claim 45 and further comprising: applying a secondary to the backing after tufting.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
27 words
The stabilized natural turf of claim 47 wherein the secondary includes at least one of the following: a decomposition agent, a stabilizing agent and a growth agent.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
14 words
The stabilized natural turf of claim 45 wherein the first primary is moisture retaining.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
30 words
The stabilized natural turf of claim 45 wherein the creating occurs by simultaneous feeding both primaries of the backing to a tufting machine and tufting the fibers to the backing.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
DE8200994U1
Cited
US2605589A
Cited
US2713012A
Cited
US3513062A
Cited
US3995079A
Cited
US3863388A
Cited
US3845584A
Cited
DE2522864A1
Cited
US4044179A
Cited
US4023506A
Cited
US4389435A
Cited
US4462184A
Cited
US4337283A
Cited
DE8112126U1
Cited
US4444815A
Cited
US4426415A
Cited
US4396653A
Cited
JPS59151813A
Cited
US4572700A
Cited
FR2556381A1
Cited
US4735825A
Cited
EP0174755B1
Cited
EP0204381A1
Cited
US4819933A
Cited
EP0260769A1
Cited
US4705706A
Cited
US4867614A
Cited
US4790691A
Cited
EP0263566A1
Cited
DE3703866A1
Cited
US4916855A
Cited
DE3723364A1
Cited
US4941282A
Cited
EP0373282A1
Cited
US4913596A
Cited
EP0403088A2
Cited
US5014462A
Cited
US5205068A
Cited
JPH0424432A
Cited
US5346514A
Cited
US5224290A
Cited
US5490351A
Cited
JPH05312742A
Cited
US5489317A
Cited
US5586408A
Cited
US5326192A
Cited
US5445860A
Cited
US5678951A
Cited
US5397368A
Cited
US5464455A
Cited
US5555674A
Cited
US5344470A
Cited
JPH07207614A
Cited
US5507845A
Cited
US5612113A
Cited
JPH08228512A
Cited
JPH09201127A
Cited
WO1998020205A1
Cited
WO1998023817A1
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2003-08-01 | 2004-01-31 | 2004-08-01 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2007-08-01 | 2008-01-31 | 2008-08-01 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2011-08-01 | 2012-01-31 | 2012-08-01 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |