US5434804A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Method and apparatus for synchronizing a JTAG test control signal to an on-chip clock signal
Assignee: Intel Corp
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Filing: 1993-12-29
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Granted: 1995-07-18
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Expires: 2013-12-29
Abstract
Abstract A microprocessor is provided with circuitry for receiving JTAG and ICE test control signals through JTAG test ports and for synchronizing the test signals to a chip clock signal. Test signals synchronized to an external JTAG device are processed internally by an ICE of the microprocessor chip once the test signals are synchronized with the chip clock rate. To this end, the microprocessor is provided with a synchronizer which receives the chip clock signal, a JTAG control signal, and a JTAG reset signal, and outputs a synchronized control signal. The synchronizer includes an unclocked SR flip-flop for sampling the JTAG control signal, and two or more DR flip-flops for synchronizing the JTAG control signal to the chip clock signal. The synchronizer may be configured to generate a control signal pulse or a control signal level. The synchronizer is protocol independent, i.e., the clock rate of the JTAG test commands is independent of the chip clock. Hence, no protocol is required to connect the JTAG test command signals to the ICE. In particular, the synchronizer includes an input stage configured for allowing the JTAG control signal to be much slower than the core clock signal or much faster than the core clock signal.
Inventors
- 👤 Robert Bock
- 👤 James W. Alexander
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-27 23:55
CPC Classifications
H; H04; H04L; H04L7/00; H04L7/02; G; G01; G01R; G01R31/00; G01R31/28; G01R31/317; G01R31/3181; G01R31/3185; G01R31/318533; G01R31/318552; G06; G06F; G06F11/00; G06F11/22; G06F11/26; G06F11/261
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 28
Claim 1
Independent Claim
213 words
A system, comprising: off-chip test means for generating test commands synchronized to a first clock signal; and an integrated circuit chip coupled to said off-chip test means, said integrated circuit chip comprising: core processing means for processing commands synchronized to a second clock signal; and conversion means for converting said test commands synchronized to said first clock signal to test commands synchronized to said second clock signal, such that said core processing means receives and processes test commands generated by said off-chip test means, said conversion means comprising: an on-chip test controller means for receiving a test command generated by said off-chip test means and for generating a test command, a test reset, and a test control signal, each synchronized to said first clock signal; a first command register for receiving and holding said test command provided by said on-chip test-controller means; a second command register for receiving said test command from said first register and for outputting said test command to said core processing means; a synchronizer for synchronizing said test control signal from said first clock signal to said second clock signal; and means for transferring said test command from said first command register to said second command register, said transfer being triggered by said control signal output from said synchronizer.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
213 words
A system, comprising: off-chip test means for generating test commands synchronized to a first clock signal; and an integrated circuit chip coupled to said off-chip test means, said integrated circuit chip comprising: core processing means for processing commands synchronized to a second clock signal; and conversion means for converting said test commands synchronized to said first clock signal to test commands synchronized to said second clock signal, such that said core processing means receives and processes test commands generated by said off-chip test means, said conversion means comprising: an on-chip test controller means for receiving a test command generated by said off-chip test means and for generating a test command, a test reset, and a test control signal, each synchronized to said first clock signal; a first command register for receiving and holding said test command provided by said on-chip test-controller means; a second command register for receiving said test command from said first register and for outputting said test command to said core processing means; a synchronizer for synchronizing said test control signal from said first clock signal to said second clock signal; and means for transferring said test command from said first command register to said second command register, said transfer being triggered by said control signal output from said synchronizer.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
36 words
The system of claim 1, wherein said off-chip test means includes a means for generating test commands according to Joint Test Action Group (JTAG) protocols and said on-chip test controller means is a JTAG state machine.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
184 words
The system of claim 1, wherein said synchronizer means comprises: a control line for receiving said test control signal synchronized to said first clock signal; a clock line for receiving a clock signal synchronized to said second clock signal; a reset line for receiving a reset signal from said on-chip test controller means; sample means for sampling said test control signal synchronized to said second clock signal, said sample means including an unclocked SR flip-flop having an S-input connected to said control line and an R-input connected to said reset line; and synchronization means for synchronizing output from sample means to said first clock signal, said synchronization means including a first D flip-flop having a D-input connected to an output of said SR flip-flop, an R-input connected to said reset line means, and a clock input connected to said clock line, and a second D flip-flop having a D-input connected to an output of said first D flip-flop, an R-input connected to said reset line, and a clock input connected to said clock line, such that said synchronization means outputs a control signal level.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
23 words
The system of claim 3, further including a means for converting said control signal level output from said synchronization to a control pulse.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
62 words
The system of claim 4, wherein said means for converting said control signal level output from synchronization means to a control pulse comprises an AND-gate having a first input connected to said output of said first D flip-flop, and a second input connected, through a NOT-gate, to said output of said second D flip-flop, said AND-gate providing an output control signal pulse.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
122 words
The system of claim 3, further including an input stage comprising: a first AND-gate having a first input connected to said control line, a second input connected, through a NOT-gate, to said reset line, a third input connected, through a NOT-gate, to said output of said second D flip-flop, and an output connected to said S-input of said SR flip-flop; and a second AND-gate having a first input connected, through a NOT-gate, to said control line, a second input connected to said output of said second D flip-flop, and an output connected to a first input of a OR-gate, with said OR-gate having a second input connected to said reset line and an output connected to said R-input of said SR flip-flop.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
21 words
The system of claim 1, further including an in-circuit emulator means for processing test commands synchronized to said second clock signal.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
163 words
A synchronizer for synchronizing a control signal from a first clock signal to a second clock signal, said synchronizer comprising: a control line for receiving a control signal synchronized to said first clock signal; a clock line for receiving said second clock signal; a reset line for receiving a reset signal; an SR flip-flop having an S-input connected to said control line and a R-input connected to said reset line; and synchronization means for synchronizing output from said SR flip-flop to said second clock signal, said synchronization means including a first D flip-flop having a D-input connected to an output of said SR flip-flop, an R-input connected to said reset line, and a clock input connected to said clock line, and a second D flip-flop having a D-input connected to an output of said first D flip-flop, an R-input connected to said reset line, and a clock input connected to said clock line, such that said synchronization means outputs a control signal level.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
163 words
A synchronizer for synchronizing a control signal from a first clock signal to a second clock signal, said synchronizer comprising: a control line for receiving a control signal synchronized to said first clock signal; a clock line for receiving said second clock signal; a reset line for receiving a reset signal; an SR flip-flop having an S-input connected to said control line and a R-input connected to said reset line; and synchronization means for synchronizing output from said SR flip-flop to said second clock signal, said synchronization means including a first D flip-flop having a D-input connected to an output of said SR flip-flop, an R-input connected to said reset line, and a clock input connected to said clock line, and a second D flip-flop having a D-input connected to an output of said first D flip-flop, an R-input connected to said reset line, and a clock input connected to said clock line, such that said synchronization means outputs a control signal level.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
46 words
The synchronizer of claim 8, further including: an AND-gate having a first input connected to said output of said first D flip-flop, and a second input connected, through a NOT-gate, to said output of said second D flip-flop, said AND-gate providing a synchronous control signal pulse.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
122 words
The synchronizer of claim 8, further including an input stage comprising: a first AND-gate having a first input connected to said control line, a second input connected, through a NOT-gate, to said reset line, a third input connected, through a NOT-gate, to said output of said second D flip-flop, and an output connected to said S-input of said SR flip-flop; and a second AND-gate having a first input connected, through a NOT-gate, to said control line, a second input connected to said output of said second D flip-flop, and an output connected to a first input of a OR-gate, with said OR-gate having a second input connected to said reset line and an output connected to said R-input of said SR flip-flop.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
227 words
A synchronizer for synchronizing an asynchronous control signal, said synchronizer comprising: a control line receiving a synchronous control signal; a clock input line receiving a clock signal; a reset line receiving a reset signal; an SR flip-flop having a S-input connected to said control line and a R-input connected to said reset line; a first D flip-flop having a D-input connected to an output of said SR flip-flop, a R-input connected to said reset line, and a clock input connected to said clock line; a second D flip-flop having a D-input connected to an output of said first D flip-flop, an R-input connected to said reset line, and a clock input connected to said clock line; a first AND-gate having a first input connected to said control line, a second input connected, through a NOT-gate, to said reset line, a third input connected, through a NOT-gate, to said output of said second D flip-flop, and an output connected to said S-input of said SR flip-flop; and a second AND-gate having a first input connected, through a NOT-gate, to said control line, a second input connected to said output of said second D flip-flop, and an output connected to a first input of a OR-gate, with said OR-gate having a second input connected to said reset line and an output connected to said R-input of said SR flip-flop.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
227 words
A synchronizer for synchronizing an asynchronous control signal, said synchronizer comprising: a control line receiving a synchronous control signal; a clock input line receiving a clock signal; a reset line receiving a reset signal; an SR flip-flop having a S-input connected to said control line and a R-input connected to said reset line; a first D flip-flop having a D-input connected to an output of said SR flip-flop, a R-input connected to said reset line, and a clock input connected to said clock line; a second D flip-flop having a D-input connected to an output of said first D flip-flop, an R-input connected to said reset line, and a clock input connected to said clock line; a first AND-gate having a first input connected to said control line, a second input connected, through a NOT-gate, to said reset line, a third input connected, through a NOT-gate, to said output of said second D flip-flop, and an output connected to said S-input of said SR flip-flop; and a second AND-gate having a first input connected, through a NOT-gate, to said control line, a second input connected to said output of said second D flip-flop, and an output connected to a first input of a OR-gate, with said OR-gate having a second input connected to said reset line and an output connected to said R-input of said SR flip-flop.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
49 words
The synchronizer of claim 11, further including: a third AND-gate having a first input connected to said output of said first: D flip-flop, and a second input connected, through a NOT-gate, to said output of said second D flip-flop, said third AND-gate providing an output synchronous control signal pulse.
Claim 16
Independent Claim
133 words
A method comprising-the steps of: receiving an asynchronous control signal; receiving a clock signal; receiving a reset signal; sampling said asynchronous control signal by passing said asynchronous control signal through a S-input of a SR flip-flop and passing said reset signal through a R-input of said SR flip-flop; and synchronizing said asynchronous control signal by passing an output of said SR flip-flop through a D-input of a first D flip-flop and passing said clock signal through a R-input of said SR flip-flop, and passing an output of said first D flip-flop through a D-input of a second D flip-flop, passing said reset signal through an R-input of said first D flip-flop, and passing said clock signal into a clock input of said D flip-flop, such that a synchronous control signal level is produced.
Claim 17
Independent Claim
133 words
A method comprising-the steps of: receiving an asynchronous control signal; receiving a clock signal; receiving a reset signal; sampling said asynchronous control signal by passing said asynchronous control signal through a S-input of a SR flip-flop and passing said reset signal through a R-input of said SR flip-flop; and synchronizing said asynchronous control signal by passing an output of said SR flip-flop through a D-input of a first D flip-flop and passing said clock signal through a R-input of said SR flip-flop, and passing an output of said first D flip-flop through a D-input of a second D flip-flop, passing said reset signal through an R-input of said first D flip-flop, and passing said clock signal into a clock input of said D flip-flop, such that a synchronous control signal level is produced.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 13, further including the step of converting said synchronous control signal level output to a synchronous control pulse.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
62 words
The method of claim 14, wherein said step for converting said synchronous control signal level output to a synchronous control pulse comprises passing said output of said first D flip-flop through an AND-gate, and passing an output of said second D flip-flop through a NOT-gate and through a second input of said second flip-flop to provide an output synchronous control signal pulse.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
142 words
The method of claim 13, further including the steps of: passing said asynchronous control signal through a first input of a first AND-gate, passing said reset signal through a NOT-gate into a second input of said first AND-gate, passing an output of said second D flip-flop through a NOT-gate into a third input of said AND-gate, and passing an output of said AND-gate into said S-input of said SR flip-flop; passing said asynchronous control signal through a NOT-gate into a first input of a second AND-gate, passing said output of said second D flip-flop into a second input of said second AND-gate; and passing an output of said second AND-gate into a first input of an OR-gate, passing said reset signal into a second input of said OR-gate, and passing an output of said OR-gate into said R-input of said SR flip-flop.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
152 words
An integrated circuit operative to process commands synchronized to a first clock signal, comprising: a test controller operative to generate a test command signal and a test control signal, each being synchronized to a second clock signal provided by a source external to the integrated circuit; a first command register coupled to receive the test command signal from the test controller; a synchronizer circuit coupled to receive the test control signal, the synchronizer circuit being operative to output a synchronized control signal that is synchronized from the second clock signal to the first clock signal; and a second command register coupled to the first command register and the synchronizer circuit, the second command register being operative to load the test command from the first command register in response to the synchronized control signal such that the test command signal is loaded into the second command register synchronously with the first clock signal.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
152 words
An integrated circuit operative to process commands synchronized to a first clock signal, comprising: a test controller operative to generate a test command signal and a test control signal, each being synchronized to a second clock signal provided by a source external to the integrated circuit; a first command register coupled to receive the test command signal from the test controller; a synchronizer circuit coupled to receive the test control signal, the synchronizer circuit being operative to output a synchronized control signal that is synchronized from the second clock signal to the first clock signal; and a second command register coupled to the first command register and the synchronizer circuit, the second command register being operative to load the test command from the first command register in response to the synchronized control signal such that the test command signal is loaded into the second command register synchronously with the first clock signal.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
48 words
The integrated circuit of claim 17, wherein the integrated circuit further comprises an in-circuit emulator circuit that processes commands synchronized to the first clock signal, the in-circuit emulator circuit being coupled to the second command register for executing commands that have been loaded into the second command register.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
25 words
The integrated circuit of claim 18, wherein the test controller includes a state machine that operates according to Joint Test Action Group (JTAG) test protocols.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
122 words
The integrated circuit of claim 18, wherein the test controller further generates a test reset signal synchronized to the second clock signal, the synchronizer circuit further being coupled to receive the test reset signal, the synchronizer circuit comprising: a sampling circuit having an input coupled to receive the test control signal, the sampling circuit being operative to sample a state of the test control signal and to output a sampled control signal, the sampling circuit operating asynchronously with the first and second clock signals; and a synchronizing circuit coupled to receive the sampled control signal and the first clock signal, the synchronizing circuit being operative to generate the synchronized signal in response to the sampled control signal and the first clock signal.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
42 words
The integrated circuit of claim 20, wherein the sampling circuit comprises an SR flip-flop having an S-input coupled to receive the test control signal, an R-input coupled to receive the test reset signal, and a Q-output four outputting the sampled control signal.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
93 words
The integrated circuit of claim 21, wherein the synchronizing circuit comprises: a first D flip-flop having a D-input coupled to receive the sampled control signal, a clock input coupled to receive the first clock signal, an R-input coupled to receive the test reset signal, and a Q-output; and a second D flip-flop having a D-input coupled to the Q-output of the first D flip-flop, a clock input coupled to receive the first clock signal, an R-input coupled to receive the test reset signal, and a Q-output operative to output the synchronized control signal.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
157 words
The integrated circuit of claim 22, wherein the synchronizer circuit further comprises: a first inverter having an input coupled to receive the synchronized control signal; a second inverter coupled to the test reset signal; a first AND gate having a first input coupled to an output of the first inverter, a second input coupled to an output of the second inverter, a third input coupled to test control signal, and an output coupled to the S-input of the SR flip-flop; a third inverter coupled to receive the test control signal; a second AND gate having a first input coupled to receive an output of the third inverter, a second input coupled to receive the synchronized control signal, and an output; and an OR gate having a first input coupled to the output of the second AND gate, a second input coupled to the test reset signal, and an output coupled to the R-input of the SR flip-flop.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1998-07-17 | 1999-01-16 | 1999-07-18 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2002-07-17 | 2003-01-16 | 2003-07-18 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2006-07-17 | 2007-01-16 | 2007-07-18 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |