Patent US6091233A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US6091233A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Interleaved zero current switching in a power factor correction boost converter
Assignee: Fairchild Semiconductor Corp
•
Filing: 1999-01-14
•
Granted: 2000-07-18
•
Expires: 2019-01-14
Abstract
Abstract A method and apparatus for interleaving switching of multiple transistor switches in a power factor correction (PFC) boost converter and for timing the switching to occur when a current through a freewheeling diode corresponding to each switch is at a minimum level. The converter draws input current from an alternating current power supply for forming a regulated output voltage. A controller senses an input current and an output voltage across an output capacitor for controlling switching to regulate the output voltage and to ensure that the input current is substantially in phase with an input voltage. Current through a first inductor associated with a first switch is allowed to fall substantially to zero upon discharging the first inductor prior to re-charging the first inductor. Charging of a second inductor associated with a second switch, however, is initiated prior to completion of discharging the first inductor. Similarly, current through the second inductor is allowed to fall substantially to zero prior to re-charging the second inductor. An advantage is that from the perspective of the power supply, the converter operates in continuous conduction mode, while from the perspective of each of the switches, the converter operates in discontinuous conduction mode. The invention reduces power dissipated in the switches, increasing reliability and allowing higher frequency operation. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a synchronizing signal is generated by the PFC converter for synchronizing operation of a second converter, such as a pulse-width modulation converter, with the PFC converter.
Inventors
- 👤 Jeffrey Hwang
- 👤 Thomas Li
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-30 23:06
CPC Classifications
H; H02; H02M; H02M1/00; H02M1/42; H02M1/4208; H02M1/4258; H02M3/00; H02M3/02; H02M3/04; H02M3/10; H02M3/145; H02M3/155; H02M3/156; H02M3/158; H02M3/1584; Y; Y02; Y02B; Y02B70/00; Y02B70/10; Y02P; Y02P80/00; Y02P80/10
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 54
Claim 1
Independent Claim
148 words
A controller for a power factor correction boost converter comprising: a. first means for controlling charging of a first inductor with energy from an alternating-current power supply and for controlling discharging of the first inductor into an output capacitor wherein the first means operates in accordance with a first clock signal; b. second means for controlling charging of a second inductor with energy from the power supply and for controlling discharging of the second inductor into the output capacitor wherein the second means operates in accordance with a second clock signal and wherein the second means is coupled to the first means; and c. means for forming a synchronizing output signal for synchronizing operation of a pulse width modulation converter with the power factor correction boost converter wherein the synchronizing output signal is synchronous with at least one of the first clock signal and the second clock signal.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
148 words
A controller for a power factor correction boost converter comprising: a. first means for controlling charging of a first inductor with energy from an alternating-current power supply and for controlling discharging of the first inductor into an output capacitor wherein the first means operates in accordance with a first clock signal; b. second means for controlling charging of a second inductor with energy from the power supply and for controlling discharging of the second inductor into the output capacitor wherein the second means operates in accordance with a second clock signal and wherein the second means is coupled to the first means; and c. means for forming a synchronizing output signal for synchronizing operation of a pulse width modulation converter with the power factor correction boost converter wherein the synchronizing output signal is synchronous with at least one of the first clock signal and the second clock signal.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
27 words
The controller according to claim 1 wherein a current provided by the power supply is maintained substantially in phase with a voltage provided by the power supply.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
42 words
The controller according to claim 1 wherein the first means is also for re-charging the first inductor and wherein a current through the first inductor falls to zero during discharging the first inductor before the first means initiates re-charging the first inductor.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
21 words
The controller according to claim 1 wherein the first inductor and the second inductor are wound about a same inductor core.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
23 words
The controller according to claim 1 wherein the first clock signal and the second clock signal differ in phase by approximately 180 degrees.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
25 words
The controller according to claim 1 wherein the second means initiates charging of the second inductor while the first means is discharging the first inductor.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
46 words
The controller in accordance with claim 1 wherein the first means compares a signal representative a voltage across the output capacitor to a signal representative of a current drawn by the power factor correction boost converter for controlling timing for charging and discharging the first inductor.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
27 words
The controller in accordance with claim 7 wherein the current drawn by the power factor correction boost converter is sensed as a voltage across a sensing resistor.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
25 words
The controller in accordance with claim 8 wherein a voltage dropping diode is arranged to adjust a level of voltage sensed across the sensing resistor.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
209 words
A power factor correction boost converter comprising: a. a first energy storage element for receiving energy from an alternating-current power supply; b. a first switch coupled to the first energy storage element wherein the first switch is selectively conditioned open or closed and wherein when the first switch is closed, energy is transferred from the power supply to the first energy storage element; c. a second energy storage element for receiving energy from the power supply; p1 d. a second switch coupled to the second energy storage element wherein the second switch is selectively conditioned open or closed and wherein when the second switch is closed, energy is transferred from the power supply to the second energy storage element; and e. a third energy storage element coupled to the first switch and to the second switch, wherein when the first switch is opened, energy is transferred from the first energy storage element to the third energy storage element and wherein when the second switch is open, energy is transferred from the second energy storage element to the third energy storage element; and f. a controller coupled to the first switch and to the second switch wherein the controller senses a current provided by the power supply for controlling switching.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
209 words
A power factor correction boost converter comprising: a. a first energy storage element for receiving energy from an alternating-current power supply; b. a first switch coupled to the first energy storage element wherein the first switch is selectively conditioned open or closed and wherein when the first switch is closed, energy is transferred from the power supply to the first energy storage element; c. a second energy storage element for receiving energy from the power supply; p1 d. a second switch coupled to the second energy storage element wherein the second switch is selectively conditioned open or closed and wherein when the second switch is closed, energy is transferred from the power supply to the second energy storage element; and e. a third energy storage element coupled to the first switch and to the second switch, wherein when the first switch is opened, energy is transferred from the first energy storage element to the third energy storage element and wherein when the second switch is open, energy is transferred from the second energy storage element to the third energy storage element; and f. a controller coupled to the first switch and to the second switch wherein the controller senses a current provided by the power supply for controlling switching.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
38 words
The power factor correction boost converter according to claim 10 wherein the first energy storage element is a first inductor, the second energy storage element is a second inductor and the third energy storage element is a capacitor.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
45 words
The controller in accordance with claim 11 wherein the current provided by the power supply is substantially equal to a sum of a first current which flows through the first energy storage element and a second current which flows through the second energy storage element.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
24 words
The power factor correction boost converter according to claim 12 wherein the first current recurrently rises above zero and then falls substantially to zero.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
41 words
The power factor correction boost converter according to claim 13 wherein the first switch is opened and closed recurrently and wherein the first current falls substantially to zero after the first switch is opened and before the first switch is closed.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
24 words
The power factor correction boost converter according to claim 14 wherein the second current recurrently rises above zero and then falls substantially to zero.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
35 words
The power factor correction boost converter according to claim 14 wherein the sum of the first current and the second current remains above zero throughout a complete cycle of opening and closing the first switch.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
19 words
The power factor correction boost converter according to claim 16 wherein the second current recurrently falls substantially to zero.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
26 words
The power factor correction boost converter according to claim 14 wherein the controller senses a voltage formed across the third energy storage element for controlling switching.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
41 words
The power factor correction boost converter according to claim 14 wherein the second switch is opened and closed recurrently and wherein the second current falls substantially to zero after the second switch is opened and before the second switch is closed.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
42 words
The power factor correction boost converter according to claim 19 wherein a sum of the first current and a sum of the second current remains above zero throughout a complete cycle of opening and closing each of the first and second switch.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
26 words
The power factor correction boost converter according to claim 20 wherein switching operations for the first switch are interleaved with switching operations of the second switch.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
55 words
The power factor correction boost converter according to claim 20 wherein the first switch is operated in accordance with a first clock signal and wherein the second switch is operated in accordance with a second clock signal and wherein the first clock signal and the second clock signal differ in phase by approximately 180 degrees.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
41 words
The power factor correction boost converter according to claim 22 further comprising a means for forming a synchronizing output signal wherein the synchronizing output signal is synchronous with at least one of the first clock signal and the second clock signal.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
85 words
The power factor correction boost converter according to claim 11 wherein the first inductor and the first switch together form a first energy transfer path between the power supply and the capacitor, and wherein the second inductor and the second switch together form a second energy transfer path between the power supply and the capacitor and further comprising one or more additional energy transfer paths between the power supply and the capacitor, each additional energy transfer path having a respective inductor and a respective switch.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
68 words
The power factor correction boost converter according to claim 24 wherein a second current flows through the second inductor and wherein an additional current flows through each inductor of the one or more additional energy paths and wherein a sum of the first current, the second current and the additional current through each inductor remains above zero throughout a complete cycle of opening and closing the first switch.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
96 words
A controller for a power factor correction boost converter comprising: a. first means for controlling charging of a first inductor with energy from an alternating-current power supply and for controlling discharging of the first inductor into an output capacitor; and b. second means for controlling charging of a second inductor with energy from the power supply and for controlling discharging of the second inductor into the output capacitor wherein the first means and the second means are responsive to a sensing signal representative of a level of current drawn by the power factor correction boost converter.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
96 words
A controller for a power factor correction boost converter comprising: a. first means for controlling charging of a first inductor with energy from an alternating-current power supply and for controlling discharging of the first inductor into an output capacitor; and b. second means for controlling charging of a second inductor with energy from the power supply and for controlling discharging of the second inductor into the output capacitor wherein the first means and the second means are responsive to a sensing signal representative of a level of current drawn by the power factor correction boost converter.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
31 words
The controller in accordance with claim 26 wherein the current drawn by the power factor correction boost converter is maintained substantially in phase with a voltage provided by the power supply.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
45 words
The controller in accordance with claim 26 wherein the first means is also for controlling re-charging of the first inductor and wherein a current through the first inductor falls to zero during discharging the first inductor before the first means initiates re-charging the first inductor.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
22 words
The controller in accordance with claim 26 wherein the first inductor and the second inductor are wound about a same inductor core.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
48 words
The controller in accordance with claim 26 wherein the first means operates in accordance with a first clock signal and the second means operates in accordance with a second clock signal wherein the first clock signal and the second clock signal differ in phase by approximately 180 degrees.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
26 words
The controller in accordance with claim 26 wherein the second means initiates charging of the second inductor while the first means is discharging the first inductor.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
46 words
The controller in accordance with claim 26 wherein the first means compares a signal representative a voltage across the output capacitor to a signal representative of a current drawn by the power factor correction boost converter for controlling timing for charging and discharging the first inductor.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
27 words
The controller in accordance with claim 32 wherein the current drawn by the power factor correction boost converter is sensed as a voltage across a sensing resistor.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
25 words
The controller in accordance with claim 33 wherein a voltage dropping diode is arranged to adjust a level of voltage sensed across the sensing resistor.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
128 words
A controller for power factor correction boost converter comprising: a. first means for controlling charging of a first inductor with energy from an alternating-current power supply and for controlling discharging of the first inductor into an output capacitor wherein the first means is responsive to a first ramp signal and wherein a rate at which the first ramp signal rises is representative of a voltage across the capacitor; and b. second means for controlling charging of a second inductor with energy from the power supply and for controlling discharging of the second inductor into the output capacitor wherein the second means is responsive to a second ramp signal and wherein a rate at which the second ramp signal rises is representative of a voltage across the output capacitor.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
128 words
A controller for power factor correction boost converter comprising: a. first means for controlling charging of a first inductor with energy from an alternating-current power supply and for controlling discharging of the first inductor into an output capacitor wherein the first means is responsive to a first ramp signal and wherein a rate at which the first ramp signal rises is representative of a voltage across the capacitor; and b. second means for controlling charging of a second inductor with energy from the power supply and for controlling discharging of the second inductor into the output capacitor wherein the second means is responsive to a second ramp signal and wherein a rate at which the second ramp signal rises is representative of a voltage across the output capacitor.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
31 words
The controller in accordance with claim 35 wherein the current drawn by the power factor correction boost converter is maintained substantially in phase with a voltage provided by the power supply.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
45 words
The controller in accordance with claim 35 wherein the first means is also for controlling re-charging of the first inductor and wherein a current through the first inductor falls to zero during discharging the first inductor before the first means initiates re-charging the first inductor.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
22 words
The controller in accordance with claim 35 wherein the first inductor and the second inductor are wound about a same inductor core.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
48 words
The controller in accordance with claim 35 wherein the first means operates in accordance with a first clock signal and the second means operates in accordance with a second clock signal wherein the first clock signal and the second clock signal differ in phase by approximately 180 degrees.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
26 words
The controller in accordance with claim 35 wherein the second means initiates charging of the second inductor while the first means is discharging the first inductor.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
46 words
The controller in accordance with claim 35 wherein the first means compares a signal representative a voltage across the output capacitor to a signal representative of a current drawn by the power factor correction boost converter for controlling timing for charging and discharging the first inductor.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
27 words
The controller in accordance with claim 41 wherein the current drawn by the power factor correction boost converter is sensed as a voltage across a sensing resistor.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
25 words
The controller in accordance with claim 42 wherein a voltage dropping diode is arranged to adjust a level of voltage sensed across the sensing resistor.
Claim 48
Independent Claim
129 words
A method of performing power factor correction in a boost converter, the method comprising steps of: a. charging a first inductor with energy from an alternating-current power supply; b. discharging the first inductor into an output capacitor; c. forming a first ramp signal wherein a rate at which the first ramp signal rises is representative of a voltage across the output capacitor; d. charging a second inductor with energy from the power supply wherein the step of charging the second inductor is initiated prior to completion of the step of discharging the first inductor; e. forming a second ramp signal wherein a rate at which the second ramp signal rises is representative of a voltage across the output capacitor; and f. discharging the second inductor into the output capacitor.
Claim 49
Independent Claim
129 words
A method of performing power factor correction in a boost converter, the method comprising steps of: a. charging a first inductor with energy from an alternating-current power supply; b. discharging the first inductor into an output capacitor; c. forming a first ramp signal wherein a rate at which the first ramp signal rises is representative of a voltage across the output capacitor; d. charging a second inductor with energy from the power supply wherein the step of charging the second inductor is initiated prior to completion of the step of discharging the first inductor; e. forming a second ramp signal wherein a rate at which the second ramp signal rises is representative of a voltage across the output capacitor; and f. discharging the second inductor into the output capacitor.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method in accordance with claim 44 wherein a current provided by the power supply is maintained substantially in phase with a voltage provided by the power supply.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
46 words
The method in accordance with claim 44 wherein the first means compares a signal representative a voltage across the output capacitor to a signal representative of a current drawn by the power factor correction boost converter for controlling timing for charging and discharging the first inductor.
Claim 52
Independent Claim
110 words
A method of performing power factor correction in a boost converter, the method comprising steps of: a. charging a first inductor with energy from an alternating-current power supply; b. discharging the first inductor into an output capacitor; c. charging a second inductor with energy from the power supply wherein the step of charging the second inductor is initiated prior to completion of the step of discharging the first inductor; d. discharging the second inductor into the output capacitor; and e. sensing a voltage across the output capacitor and a combined current drawn from the power supply through the first and second inductors for controlling timing for performing the steps a.-d..
Claim 53
Independent Claim
110 words
A method of performing power factor correction in a boost converter, the method comprising steps of: a. charging a first inductor with energy from an alternating-current power supply; b. discharging the first inductor into an output capacitor; c. charging a second inductor with energy from the power supply wherein the step of charging the second inductor is initiated prior to completion of the step of discharging the first inductor; d. discharging the second inductor into the output capacitor; and e. sensing a voltage across the output capacitor and a combined current drawn from the power supply through the first and second inductors for controlling timing for performing the steps a.-d..
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
46 words
The method in accordance with claim 47 wherein the first means compares a signal representative a voltage across the output capacitor to a signal representative of a current drawn by the power factor correction boost converter for controlling timing for charging and discharging the first inductor.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US3294981A
Cited
US3539902A
Cited
US3603809A
Cited
US4456872A
Cited
US3660753A
Cited
US3742330A
Cited
US3832643A
Cited
US3883756A
Cited
US4035710A
Cited
US4311954A
Cited
US4293904A
Cited
US4392103A
Cited
US4407588A
Cited
US4454558A
Cited
US4422138A
Cited
US4437146A
Cited
JPS6022490A
Cited
US4529927A
Cited
US4731574A
Cited
US4628438A
Cited
US4685043A
Cited
US4717833A
Cited
US4651231A
Cited
US4695935A
Cited
US4661896A
Cited
US4691159A
Cited
US4674020A
Cited
US4677366A
Cited
US4672518A
Cited
US4761725A
Cited
US4672303A
Cited
US4947309A
Cited
US4736151A
Cited
US4886952A
Cited
US4929882A
Cited
US4841220A
Cited
US4975823A
Cited
US4845420A
Cited
US4837495A
Cited
US4941080A
Cited
US5034873A
Cited
US4950974A
Cited
US4920309A
Cited
US5028861A
Cited
US4940929A
Cited
US5146399A
Cited
US5138249A
Cited
US5278490A
Cited
US5132606A
Cited
US5157269A
Cited
US5349284A
Cited
US5485361A
Cited
US5070439A
Cited
US5272613A
Cited
US5161097A
Cited
US5477132A
Cited
US5457621A
Cited
US5359281A
Cited
US5287261A
Cited
US5457622A
Cited
US5436550A
Cited
US5481178A
Cited
US5440473A
Cited
US5397976A
Cited
US5570276A
Cited
US5461302A
Cited
US5414341A
Cited
US5412308A
Cited
US5434767A
Cited
US5450000A
Cited
US5552695A
Cited
US5532577A
Cited
US5491445A
Cited
US5565761A
Cited
US5502370A
Cited
US5479089A
Cited
US5627460A
Cited
US5592071A
Cited
US5568041A
Cited
US5617306A
Cited
US5592128A
Cited
US5747977A
Cited
US5771164A
Cited
US5610502A
Cited
US5691592A
Cited
US5663874A
Cited
US5691889A
Cited
US5847548A
Cited
US5861734A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2003-07-18 | 2004-01-17 | 2004-07-18 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2007-07-18 | 2008-01-17 | 2008-07-18 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2011-07-18 | 2012-01-17 | 2012-07-18 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |