US4708753A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Water-in-oil emulsions
Assignee: Lubrizol Corp
•
Filing: 1986-12-29
•
Granted: 1987-11-24
•
Expires: 2006-12-29
Abstract
Abstract A water-in-oil emulsion is disclosed which comprises: (A) a continuous oil phase; (B) a discontinuous aqueous phase; (C) a minor emulsifying amount of at least one salt derived from (C)(I) at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride, or ester or amide derivative of said acid or anhydride, the hydrocarbyl substituent of (C)(I) having an average of from about 20 to about 500 carbon atoms, and (C)(II) at least one amine; and (D) a functional amount of at least one water-soluble, oil-insoluble functional additive dissolved in said aqueous phase; with the proviso that when component (D) is ammonium nitrate, component (C) is other than an ester/salt formed by the reaction of polyisobutenyl (Mn=950) succinic anhydride with diethylethanolamine in a ratio of one equivalent of anhydride to one equivalent of amine.
Inventors
- 👤 John W. Forsberg
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-04 07:51
CPC Classifications
C; C09; C09K; C09K8/00; C09K8/60; C09K8/62; C09K8/72; C10; C10M; C10M173/00; C10M173/02; C10M2201/00; C10M2201/02; C10M2215/00; C10M2215/02; C10M2215/04; C10M2215/042; C10M2215/24; C10M2215/26; C10M2217/00; C10M2217/04; C10M2217/046; C10M2217/06; C10N; C10N2030/00; C10N2030/12; C10N2040/00; C10N2040/06; C10N2040/08; C10N2050/00; C10N2050/01; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S516/00; Y10S516/01; Y10S516/06
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 55
Claim 1
Independent Claim
128 words
A water-in-oil emulsion comprising: (A) a continuous oil phase; (B) a discontinuous aqueous phase; (C) a minor emulsifying amount of at least one salt derived from (C)(I) at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride, or ester or amide derivative of said acid or anhydride, the hydrocarbyl substituent of (C)(I) having an average of from about 20 to about 500 carbon atoms, and (C)(II) at least one amine; and; (D) a functional amount of at least one water-soluble, oil-insoluble functional additive dissolved in said aqueous phase; with the proviso that when component (D) is ammonium nitrate, component (C) is other than an ester/salt formed by the reaction of polyisobutenyl (Mn=950) substituted succinic anhydride with diethylethanolamine in a ratio of one equivalent of anhydride to one equivalent of amine.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
128 words
A water-in-oil emulsion comprising: (A) a continuous oil phase; (B) a discontinuous aqueous phase; (C) a minor emulsifying amount of at least one salt derived from (C)(I) at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride, or ester or amide derivative of said acid or anhydride, the hydrocarbyl substituent of (C)(I) having an average of from about 20 to about 500 carbon atoms, and (C)(II) at least one amine; and; (D) a functional amount of at least one water-soluble, oil-insoluble functional additive dissolved in said aqueous phase; with the proviso that when component (D) is ammonium nitrate, component (C) is other than an ester/salt formed by the reaction of polyisobutenyl (Mn=950) substituted succinic anhydride with diethylethanolamine in a ratio of one equivalent of anhydride to one equivalent of amine.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
31 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (A) is present in said emulsion at a level in the range of from about 2% to about 70% by weight of said emulsion.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
31 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (B) is present in said emulsion at a level in the range of from about 1% to about 98% by weight of said emulsion.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
31 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (C) is present in said emulsion at a level in the range of from about 0.05% to about 30% by weight of said emulsion.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
31 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (D) is present in said emulsion at a level in the range of from about 0.05% to about 95% by weight of said emulsion.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
49 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein (C)(I) is derived from at least one alpha-beta olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid or anhydride, or ester or amide derivative of said acid or anhydride, said acid or anhydride or derivative containing from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms exclusive of the carboxyl-based groups.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
23 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein (C)(I) is a monocarboxylic acid or anhydride, or ester or amide derivative of said acid or anhydride.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
23 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein (C)(I) is a polycarboxylic acid or anhydride, or ester or amide derivative of said acid or anhydride.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
21 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein (C)(I) is represented by the formulae ##STR25## wherein hyd is said hydrocarbyl substituent of (C)(I).
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
33 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (C)(I) is an ester or an amide derived from at least one compound represented by the formulae ##STR26## wherein hyd is said hydrocarbyl substituent of (C)(I).
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
23 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein said hydrocarbyl substituent of (C)(I) has an average of from about 30 to about 500 carbon atoms.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
23 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein said hydrocarbyl substituent of (C)(I) has an average of from about 40 to about 500 carbon atoms.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
23 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein said hydrocarbyl substituent of (C)(I) has an average of from about 50 to about 500 carbon atoms.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
18 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein said hydrocarbyl substituent of (C)(I) is an alkyl or an alkenyl group.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
15 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein said hydrocarbyl substituent of (C)(I) is a poly(isobutylene) group.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
22 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (C)(I) comprises at least one amide derived from at least one primary and/or secondary amine.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
12 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (C)(I) is derived from ammonia.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
38 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (C)(I) comprises at least one amide derived from at least one monoamine, said monoamine being characterized by the presence within its structure of at least one primary or secondary amino group.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
26 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (C)(I) comprises at least one amide derived from a polyamine containing at least one primary and/or secondary amino group.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
24 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (C)(I) comprises at least one amide derived from an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic primary or secondary monoamine.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
32 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (C)(I) comprises at least one amide derived from at least one aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic polyamine containing at least one primary or secondary amino group.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
68 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (C)(I) comprises a least one amide derived from at least one alkylene polyamine of the formula ##STR27## wherein n is a number in the range of from 1 to about 10, each R" is independently a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbyl group having up to about 30 carbon atoms, and the Alkylene group has from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
26 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (C)(I) comprises at least one ester derived from at least one monohydric alcohol or at least one polyhydric alcohol.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
54 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (C)(I) comprises at least one ester derived from at least one compound represented by the formula R.sup.1 --(OH).sub.m wherein R 1 is a monovalent or polyvalent organic group joined to the OH groups through carbon-to-oxygen bonds and m is an integer of from 1 to about 10.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
28 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (C)(I) comprises at least one ester derived from at least one monohydroxy aromatic compound and/or at least one polyhydroxy aromatic compound.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
21 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (C)(I) comprises at least one ester and/or amide derived from at least one hydroxyamine.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
30 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (C)(I) comprises at least one ester and/or amide derived from at least one hydroxyamine containing at least one primary or secondary amino group.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
16 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (C)(I) comprises at least one ester derived from diethylethanolamine.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
54 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (C)(I) comprises at least one ester derived from said acid or anhydride and at least one alcohol, the ratio of said alcohol to said acid or anhydride being in the range of about 0.5 to about 3 equivalents of alcohol per equivalent of said acid or anhydride.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
54 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (C)(I) comprises at least one amide derived from said acid or anhydride and at least one amine, the ratio of said amine to said acid or anhydride being in the range of about 0.5 to about 3 equivalents of amine per equivalent of said acid or anhydride.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
18 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (C)(II) comprises at least one monoamine and/or at least one polyamine.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
17 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (C)(II) comprises at least one primary, secondary and/or tertiary amine.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
17 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (C)(II) comprises at least one aliphatic, cyclophatic and/or aromatic monoamine.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
17 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (C)(II) comprises at least one aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and/or aromatic polyamine.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
59 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (C)(II) comprises at least one alkylene polyamine of the formula ##STR28## wherein n is a number of from 1 to about 10, each R" is independently a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbyl group having up to about 30 carbon atoms, and the Alkylene group has from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
33 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (C)(II) comprises (a) at least one N-(hydroxyl-substituted hydrocarbyl) amine, (b) at least one hydroxyl-substituted poly(hydrocarbyloxy) analog of (a), or (c) a mixture of (a) and (b).
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
21 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (C)(II) comprises at least one alkanol amine containing up to about 40 carbon atoms.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
93 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (C)(II) is selected from the group consisting of (a) primary, secondary and tertiary alkanol amines which can be represented correspondingly by the formulae ##STR29## (b) hydroxyl-substituted oxyalkylene analogs of said alkanol amines represented by the formulae ##STR30## wherein each R is independently a hydrocarbyl group of one to about 8 carbon atoms or a hydroxyl-substituted hydrocarbyl group of 2 to about 8 carbon atoms and R' is a divalent hydrocarbyl group of 2 to about 18 carbon atoms, and (c) mixtures of two of more thereof.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
10 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (C)(II) is diethylethanolamine.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
10 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (C)(II) is ammonia.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
18 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (D) comprises at least one organic or inorganic acid or salt.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
16 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (D) comprises at least one borate, molybdate and/or phosphate.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
14 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (D) comprises at least one non-oxidizing salt.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
31 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (D) comprises hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid, sulfamic acid or at least one organic acid containing from 1 to about 3 carbon atoms.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
14 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (D) comprises at least one oxygen-supplying salt.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
11 words
The emulsion of claim 1 wherein component (D) comprises ammonium nitrate.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
86 words
A hydraulic fluid comprising: (A) a continuous oil phase; (B) a discontinuous aqueous phase; (C) a minor emulsifying amount of at least one salt derived from (C)(I) at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride, or ester or amide derivative of said acid or anhydride, the hydrocarbyl substituent of (C)(I) having an average of from about 20 to about 500 carbon atoms, and (C)(II) at least one amine; and (D) a functional amount of at least one borate, phosphate and/or molybdate dissolved in said aqueous phase.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
86 words
A hydraulic fluid comprising: (A) a continuous oil phase; (B) a discontinuous aqueous phase; (C) a minor emulsifying amount of at least one salt derived from (C)(I) at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride, or ester or amide derivative of said acid or anhydride, the hydrocarbyl substituent of (C)(I) having an average of from about 20 to about 500 carbon atoms, and (C)(II) at least one amine; and (D) a functional amount of at least one borate, phosphate and/or molybdate dissolved in said aqueous phase.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
84 words
An acidizing fluid comprising: (A) a continuous oil phase; (B) a discontinuous aqueous phase; (C) a minor emulsifying amount of at least one salt derived from (C)(I) at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride, or ester or amide derivative of said acid or anhydride, the hydrocarbyl substituent of (C)(I) having an average of from about 20 to about 500 carbon atoms, and (C)(II) at least one amine; and (D) a functional amount of at least one non-oxidizing acid dissolved in said aqueous phase.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
84 words
An acidizing fluid comprising: (A) a continuous oil phase; (B) a discontinuous aqueous phase; (C) a minor emulsifying amount of at least one salt derived from (C)(I) at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride, or ester or amide derivative of said acid or anhydride, the hydrocarbyl substituent of (C)(I) having an average of from about 20 to about 500 carbon atoms, and (C)(II) at least one amine; and (D) a functional amount of at least one non-oxidizing acid dissolved in said aqueous phase.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
36 words
The fluid of claim 48 wherein said acid selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid hydrofluoric acid, sulfamic acid or at least one organic acid containing from 1 to about 3 carbon atoms.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
126 words
An explosive emulsion comprising: (A) a continuous oil phase; (B) a discontinuous aqueous phase; (C) a minor emulsifying amount of at least one salt derived from (C)(I) at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride, or ester or amide derivative of said acid or anhydride, the hydrocarbyl substituent of (C)(I) having an average of from about 20 to about 500 carbon atoms, and (C)(II) at least one amine; and (D) a functional amount of at least one oxygen-supplying salt dissolved in said aqueous phase; with the proviso that when component (D) is ammonium nitrate, component (C) is other than an ester/salt formed by the reaction of polyisobutenyl (Mn=950) substituted succinic anhydride with diethylethanolamine in a ratio of one equivalent of anhydride to one equivalent of amine.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
126 words
An explosive emulsion comprising: (A) a continuous oil phase; (B) a discontinuous aqueous phase; (C) a minor emulsifying amount of at least one salt derived from (C)(I) at least one hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride, or ester or amide derivative of said acid or anhydride, the hydrocarbyl substituent of (C)(I) having an average of from about 20 to about 500 carbon atoms, and (C)(II) at least one amine; and (D) a functional amount of at least one oxygen-supplying salt dissolved in said aqueous phase; with the proviso that when component (D) is ammonium nitrate, component (C) is other than an ester/salt formed by the reaction of polyisobutenyl (Mn=950) substituted succinic anhydride with diethylethanolamine in a ratio of one equivalent of anhydride to one equivalent of amine.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
11 words
The emulsion of claim 50 wherein component (D) is ammonium nitrate.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1990-11-23 | 1991-05-25 | 1991-11-24 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1994-11-23 | 1995-05-25 | 1995-11-24 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1998-11-23 | 1999-05-25 | 1999-11-24 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |