US4110134A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Water-in-oil emulsion explosive composition
Assignee: Atlas Powder Co
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Filing: 1977-11-03
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Granted: 1978-08-29
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Expires: 1997-11-03
Abstract
Abstract Water-in-oil explosive compositions are provided which are No. 6 cap sensitive in cartridges having diameters of 1.25 inches and less and which contain from about 3.5 to about 8% by weight of a hydrocarbon fuel including an emulsifier, from about 10 to about 22% by weight of water, from about 0.25 to about 15% by weight of closed cell void containing materials, from about 65 to about 85% by weight of inorganic oxidizer salt, optionally, up to about 15% by weight of an auxiliary fuel and no explosive ingredients nor detonation catalysts.
Inventors
- 👤 Charles G. Wade
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-28 16:33
CPC Classifications
C; C06; C06B; C06B47/00; C06B47/14; C06B47/145
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 43
Claim 1
Independent Claim
132 words
A water-in-oil explosive composition that is detonable by a No. 6 cap in cartridge diameters of about 1.25 inches and less consisting of: (a) a continuous phase of a carbonaceous fuel; (b) a discontinuous aqueous phase containing an inorganic oxidizer composed principally of ammonium nitrate; (c) from about 0.5% to about 2% by weight of the composition of an emulsifier selected from the group consisting of sorbitan fatty esters, glycerides of fat-forming fatty acids, polyoxyethylene sorbitol esters, polyoxyethylene ethers, polyoxyalkylene oleate, polyoxyalkylene laurate, oleyl acid phosphate, substituted oxazolines and phosphate esters thereof; (d) up to about 15% by weight thereof of an auxiliary fuel; and (e) sufficient closed cell void containing material to yield a density of said explosive composition in the range of from about 0.90 g/cc to about 1.35 g/cc.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
132 words
A water-in-oil explosive composition that is detonable by a No. 6 cap in cartridge diameters of about 1.25 inches and less consisting of: (a) a continuous phase of a carbonaceous fuel; (b) a discontinuous aqueous phase containing an inorganic oxidizer composed principally of ammonium nitrate; (c) from about 0.5% to about 2% by weight of the composition of an emulsifier selected from the group consisting of sorbitan fatty esters, glycerides of fat-forming fatty acids, polyoxyethylene sorbitol esters, polyoxyethylene ethers, polyoxyalkylene oleate, polyoxyalkylene laurate, oleyl acid phosphate, substituted oxazolines and phosphate esters thereof; (d) up to about 15% by weight thereof of an auxiliary fuel; and (e) sufficient closed cell void containing material to yield a density of said explosive composition in the range of from about 0.90 g/cc to about 1.35 g/cc.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
26 words
The explosive composition of claim 1 wherein from about 2.5 to about 20% by weight of said composition is an inorganic nitrate other than ammonium nitrate.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
26 words
The explosive composition of claim 2 wherein from about 5 to about 10% by weight of said composition is an inorganic nitrate other than ammonium nitrate.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
24 words
The explosive composition of claim 2 wherein said inorganic nitrate is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal nitrates.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
13 words
The explosive composition of claim 4 wherein said inorganic nitrate is sodium nitrate.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
19 words
The explosive composition of claim 1 comprising from about 3 to about 20% by weight of an inorganic perchlorate.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
19 words
The explosive composition of claim 6 comprising from about 5 to about 10% by weight of an inorganic perchlorate.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
25 words
The explosive composition of claim 6 wherein said inorganic perchlorate is selected from the group consisting of ammonium, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal perchlorates.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
34 words
The explosive composition of claim 1 wherein said carbonaceous fuel comprises water immiscible emulsifiable material selected from the group consisting of petrolatum, microcrystalline, paraffin, mineral, animal, and insect waxes, petroleum oils, and vegetable oils.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
17 words
The explosive composition of claim 9 wherein up to about 5.5% by weight thereof is an oil.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
17 words
The explosive composition of claim 9 wherein up to about 4.5% by weight thereof is a wax.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
18 words
The explosive composition of claim 11 wherein the wax comprises a blend of microcrystalline wax and paraffin wax.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
13 words
The explosive composition of claim 1 wherein said auxiliary fuel is particulate aluminum.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
30 words
The explosive composition of claim 1 wherein said closed cell void containing material is present in an amount of from about 0.25 to about 15% by weight of said composition.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
29 words
The explosive composition of claim 14 wherein said closed cell void containing material is glass microbubbles ranging from about 0.9 to about 15% by weight of the total composition.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
29 words
The explosive composition of claim 14 wherein said closed cell void containing material is saran microspheres ranging from about 0.25 to about 1% by weight of the total composition.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
25 words
The explosive composition of claim 1 wherein said discontinuous aqueous phase comprises from about 10 to about 22% water by weight of the total composition.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
29 words
The explosive composition of claim 1 wherein said continuous phase of carbonaceous fuel including said emulsifier is from about 3.5 to about 8% by weight of said explosive composition.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
26 words
The explosive composition of claim 1 wherein said inorganic oxidizer is present in an amount of from about 65 to 85% by weight of said emulsion.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
117 words
A water-in-oil explosive composition that contains no explosive compounds nor detonation catalysts but that is detonable by a No. 6 cap in cartridge diameters of about 1.25 inches and less consisting essentially of: (a) a continuous phase of a carbonaceous fuel; (b) a discontinuous aqueous phase containing an inorganic oxidizer composed principally of ammonium nitrate; (c) from about 0.5 to about 2% by weight of the composition of a water-in-oil type emulsifier which forms said composition; (d) from 0 to about 15% by weight thereof of an auxiliary fuel; and (e) sufficient closed cell void containing material to yield a density of said explosive composition in the range of from about 0.9 g/cc to about 1.35 g/cc.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
117 words
A water-in-oil explosive composition that contains no explosive compounds nor detonation catalysts but that is detonable by a No. 6 cap in cartridge diameters of about 1.25 inches and less consisting essentially of: (a) a continuous phase of a carbonaceous fuel; (b) a discontinuous aqueous phase containing an inorganic oxidizer composed principally of ammonium nitrate; (c) from about 0.5 to about 2% by weight of the composition of a water-in-oil type emulsifier which forms said composition; (d) from 0 to about 15% by weight thereof of an auxiliary fuel; and (e) sufficient closed cell void containing material to yield a density of said explosive composition in the range of from about 0.9 g/cc to about 1.35 g/cc.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
38 words
The water-in-oil explosive composition of claim 20 wherein said continuous phase of a carbonaceous fuel including said emulsifier is present in an amount of the range of from about 3.5 to about 8% by weight of said composition.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
32 words
The water-in-oil explosive composition of claim 20 wherein the water in said discontinuous aqueous phase is present in an amount ranging from about 10 to about 22% by weight of said composition.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
28 words
The water-in-oil explosive composition of claim 20 wherein said inorganic oxidizer is present in an amount ranging from about 65 to about 85% by weight of said composition.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
34 words
The explosive composition of claim 20 wherein said carbonaceous fuel comprises a water immiscible material selected from the group consisting of petrolatum, microcrystalline, paraffin, mineral, animal and insect waxes, petroleum oils and vegetable oils.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
19 words
The explosive composition of claim 24 wherein from about 0.5 to about 5.5% by weight thereof is an oil.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
19 words
The explosive composition of claim 24 wherein from about 2.5 to about 4.5% by weight thereof is a wax.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
18 words
The explosive composition of claim 24 wherein the wax comprises a blend of microcrystalline wax and paraffin wax.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
22 words
The explosive composition of claim 20 wherein said auxiliary fuel is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, aluminum alloys, and magnesium.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
12 words
The explosive composition of claim 28 wherein said auxiliary fuel is aluminum.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
42 words
The explosive composition of claim 20 wherein said emulsifier is selected from the group consisting of sorbitan fatty esters, glycerides of fat-forming fatty acids, polyoxyethylene sorbitol esters, polyoxyethylene ethers, polyoxyalkylene oleate, polyoxyalkylene laurate, oleyl acid phosphate, substituted oxazolines and phosphate esters thereof.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
30 words
The explosive composition of claim 20 wherein said inorganic oxidizer is ammonium nitrate and an inorganic nitrate selected from the group consisting of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal nitrates.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
23 words
The explosive composition of claim 31 wherein the ratio of said ammonium nitrate to said inorganic nitrate is in the range of 5-7:1.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
27 words
The explosive composition of claim 20 wherein said inorganic oxidizer is ammonium nitrate and an inorganic perchlorate selected from ammonium, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal perchlorates.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
23 words
The explosive composition of claim 33 wherein the ratio of ammonium nitrate to inorganic perchlorate is in the range of from about 5-7:1.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
43 words
The explosive composition of claim 20 wherein said inorganic oxidizer is ammonium nitrate and another inorganic nitrate selected from the group consisting of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal nitrates, and an inorganic perchlorate selected from ammonium, alkali and alkaline earth metal perchlorates.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
31 words
The explosive composition of claim 35 wherein the ratio of ammonium nitrate, said inorganic nitrate and said inorganic perchlorate is in the range of from about 5-6:1:1 to about 6-7:1:0.5, respectively.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
14 words
The explosive composition of claim 35 wherein said other inorganic nitrate is sodium nitrate.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
13 words
The explosive composition of claim 35 wherein said inorganic perchlorate is ammonium perchlorate.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
13 words
The explosive composition of claim 35 wherein said inorganic perchlorate is sodium perchlorate.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
29 words
The explosive composition of claim 20 wherein said closed cell void containing material is glass microbubbles ranging from about 0.9 to about 15% by weight of the total composition.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
29 words
The explosive composition of claim 20 wherein said closed cell void containing material is saran microspheres ranging from about 0.25 to about 1% by weight of the total composition.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US4008108A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1981-08-28 | 1982-02-27 | 1982-08-29 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1985-08-28 | 1986-02-27 | 1986-08-29 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1989-08-28 | 1990-02-27 | 1990-08-29 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |