Patent US6675146B2 successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US6675146B2
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Audio steganography
Assignee: Digimarc Corp
•
Filing: 2001-05-31
•
Granted: 2004-01-06
•
Expires: 2021-05-31
Abstract
Abstract An input content signal-representing audio or video-is encoded to hide plural-bit auxiliary data therein. The process generates an intermediate signal that is a function of (a) the plural-bit auxiliary data, and (b) data related to human perception attributes of the content signal. This intermediate signal is then summed with the content signal to effect encoding. The plural-bit auxiliary data can include copy control data, i.e., data that can be sensed by a consumer electronic device and used to disable a copying operation. The intermediate signal may include a pseudo-random key signal so as to obscure the encoding and require knowledge of a corresponding key at the decoder to extract the auxiliary data from the encoded content. In some embodiments, calibration data is encoded in the content signal with the auxiliary data. This calibration data desirably has known properties (e.g., spectral attributes, data content, etc.) facilitating its identification in the encoded content signal. The encoding is desirably robust against various forms of content degradation, e.g., lossy compression/decompression, scaling, resampling, conversion from digital to analog and back again, etc., so that the auxiliary data can be detected from the content notwithstanding such corruption.
Inventors
- 👤 Geoffrey B. Rhoads
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-09 12:37
CPC Classifications
H; H04; H04N; H04N5/00; H04N5/76; H04N5/91; H04N5/913; G; G06; G06Q; G06Q20/00; G06Q20/08; G06Q20/12; G06Q20/123; G06Q20/1235; G06Q20/30; G06Q20/306; G06Q20/34; G06Q20/341; G06Q20/38; G06Q20/40; G06Q20/401; G06Q20/4014; G06Q20/40145; G06T; G06T1/00; G06T1/0021; G06T1/0028; G06T1/005; G06T1/0057; G07; G07C; G07C9/00; G07C9/20; G07C9/22; G07C9/25; G07C9/253; G07D; G07D7/00; G07D7/003; G07D7/0032; G07D7/004; G07F; G07F17/00; G07F17/26; G07F7/00; G07F7/08; G07F7/086; G07F7/10; G07F7/1008; G07F7/1016; G07F7/12; G10; G10L; G10L19/00; G10L19/018; G10L19/02; G10L19/022; G11; G11B; G11B20/00; G11B20/00086; G11B20/00094; G11B20/00115; G11B20/00166; G11B20/00181; G11B20/0021; G11B20/00217; G11B20/00231; G11B20/00485; G11B20/00492; G11B20/00884; G11B20/00891; H04B; H04B1/00; H04B1/66; H04B1/665; H04N1/00; H04N1/00002; H04N1/00005; H04N1/00026; H04N1/00037; H04N1/00071; H04N1/00074; H04N1/00079; H04N1/32; H04N1/32101; H04N1/32128; H04N1/32144; H04N1/32149; H04N1/32203; H04N1/32208; H04N1/32229; H04N1/32251; H04N1/32288; G06T2201/00; G06T2201/005; G06T2201/0052; H04N2005/91307; H04N2005/91321; H04N2005/91335; H04N2201/00; H04N2201/32; H04N2201/3201; H04N2201/3204; H04N2201/3205; H04N2201/3207; H04N2201/3225; H04N2201/3226; H04N2201/3233; H04N2201/3246; H04N2201/3249; H04N2201/3269; H04N2201/327; H04N2201/3271; H04N2201/3278; H04N2201/328; H04N7/00; H04N7/08
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 37
Claim 1
Independent Claim
152 words
A method of processing audio data, comprising: providing input content data, the content data representing audio and comprising plural samples, each having a value; providing plural symbol auxiliary data that is to be steganographically encoded within the content data, to yield encoded content data; receiving first data related to human perception attributes of the content data; generating intermediate data that is a function of said plural symbol auxiliary data and said first data, the intermediate signal including an element corresponding to each of plural of the content data samples, including repeating the plural symbol auxiliary data in the intermediate data and varying representations of the plural symbol auxiliary data according to a key; steganographically encoding the content data with the auxiliary data by changing the values of samples in a version of the input content data in accordance with elements of the intermediate signal corresponding thereto, thereby yielding the encoded content data.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
152 words
A method of processing audio data, comprising: providing input content data, the content data representing audio and comprising plural samples, each having a value; providing plural symbol auxiliary data that is to be steganographically encoded within the content data, to yield encoded content data; receiving first data related to human perception attributes of the content data; generating intermediate data that is a function of said plural symbol auxiliary data and said first data, the intermediate signal including an element corresponding to each of plural of the content data samples, including repeating the plural symbol auxiliary data in the intermediate data and varying representations of the plural symbol auxiliary data according to a key; steganographically encoding the content data with the auxiliary data by changing the values of samples in a version of the input content data in accordance with elements of the intermediate signal corresponding thereto, thereby yielding the encoded content data.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method of claim 1 in which the plural symbol auxiliary data includes copy control data.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
40 words
The method of claim 1 that further includes: decoding auxiliary data from a version of the encoded content data; and controlling a record capability of an associated apparatus in accordance with at least a portion of the decoded auxiliary data.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method of claim 1 that includes decoding at least a portion of the auxiliary data from the encoded content using dedicated hardware circuitry in a consumer electronic device.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
44 words
The method of claim 1 wherein at least a portion of the auxiliary data from the encoded content is decoded by performing plural statistical analyses on the encoded content to compute statistical characteristics from which values of the plural symbol auxiliary data are derived.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 1 in which the changing comprises performing binary addition operations between corresponding content data samples and elements of the intermediate data.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 1 in which the encoding occurs with a representation of the content data in a temporal domain.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
35 words
The method of claim 1 in which at least some of said auxiliary data serves as an index or pointer to remote data stored at a remote location, said remote data relating to said content.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method of claim 1 in which said changing includes increasing the values of at least some of said samples, and decreasing the values of others of said samples.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
53 words
The method of claim 1 which includes encoding a calibration signal in the encoded content data together with said auxiliary data, said calibration signal having known properties facilitating identification thereof by a recipient of the encoded content data, said encoded calibration signal being substantially imperceptible to a human listener of the encoded audio.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 10 in which the calibration signal comprises a data sequence repeatedly encoded throughout the encoded audio.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
78 words
The method of claim 11 in which the calibration signal enables the auxiliary data to be recovered from a corrupted encoded content data without reference to the input content data, wherein the corrupted encoded content data is the output data corrupted by a process selected from a group consisting of: misregistration of the encoded content data, scaling of the encoded content data, and conversion of the encoded content data from digital to analog and back to digital again.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 10 in which the calibration signal, the auxiliary data, and the first data are processed to form the intermediate data.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
46 words
The method of claim 10 in which the calibration signal comprises a plurality of data elements, each of said data elements also being included in said auxiliary data; wherein said calibration signal is concatenated with the auxiliary data and embedded therewith in the encoded content data.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 1 which includes generating the intermediate data as a function of said plural symbol auxiliary data, said first data, and additional data.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 15 in which said additional data is noise-like data.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 1 in which each changed sample in the encoded content data corresponds to one, and only one, symbol of the auxiliary data.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
61 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the plural symbol auxiliary data includes control data operable to control a record capability and at least a portion of the auxiliary data from the encoded content is decoded by performing statistical analyses on data related to the encoded content to compute statistical characteristics from which values of the plural symbol auxiliary data are derived.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method of claim 18 in which at least certain of said changed samples in the encoded content data correspond to plural symbols of the auxiliary data.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method of claim 1 in which at least certain of said changed samples in the encoded content data correspond to plural symbols of the auxiliary data.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
34 words
The method of claim 18 in which plural neighboring samples in the encoded content data are all encoded in accordance with one same symbol, and only said one same symbol, of the auxiliary data.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
34 words
The method of claim 1 in which plural neighboring samples in the encoded content data are all encoded in accordance with one same symbol, and only said one same symbol, of the auxiliary data.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 1 that includes generating said first data related to human perception attributes of the content data.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 23 in which the first data includes plural elements, each corresponding to a sample of the content data.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 1 in which said symbols comprise bits, each having a value of “0” or “1.”
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
25 words
A computer program stored on a tangible physical medium, including instructions for causing a computer programmed thereby to perform the method of claim 1 .
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method of claim 1 comprising step for encoding the content data with the auxiliary data.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the input content data is of a first content type, and the intermediate data is produced using a set of data that is also of said same first content type.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 1 that further includes decoding the plural symbol auxiliary data from the encoded content data.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
32 words
The method of claim 29 in which the decoding comprises: determining statistical characteristics of the encoded content data; and based on said statistical characteristics, determining values of said plural symbol auxiliary data.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 29 in which the decoding includes performing plural statistical analyses on the encoded content data.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 1 further comprising preconditioning the intermediate data to better withstand certain lossy processing of the encoded content data.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 1 that includes receiving global gain data from a user-set control, and using said global gain data in said encoding.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
58 words
The method of claim 1 in which the first data comprises gain data and generating the intermediate data includes: modulating a message carrier signal with the auxiliary data, including receiving gain data relating to the content signal, and scaling the message carrier signal in accordance with said gain data; and adding the scaled signal to the content data.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 34 , comprising computing said gain data from samples of the content data.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
54 words
The method of claim 34 , wherein the message signal modulates a statistical characteristic of a selected set of samples of the content signal, such that decoding is enabled by measuring the statistical characteristic of the encoded content data and deriving values of the plural symbol auxiliary data based on the measured statistical characteristics.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2007-01-05 | 2007-07-07 | 2008-01-06 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2011-01-05 | 2011-07-07 | 2012-01-06 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2015-01-05 | 2015-07-07 | 2016-01-06 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |