Patent US6628809B1 successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US6628809B1
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Apparatus and method for identification of individuals by near-infrared spectrum
Assignee: HID Global Corp
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Filing: 1999-10-08
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Granted: 2003-09-30
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Expires: 2019-10-08
Abstract
Abstract Methods and apparatus for non-invasively verifying human identities using near-infrared spectroscopy. Near-infrared tissue spectra can be obtained by projecting near-infrared radiation into skin on the underside of human forearms and capturing the light reflected back and out through the tissue. The tissue spectrum collected preferably includes primarily diffuse reflected light reflected from the inner dermis. Multiple tissue spectra and identities can be collected from individuals for whom identity verification may later be desired. The tissue spectra for each individual can be analyzed on a computer, and the spectra for each individual clustered or classified together using tools such as linear discriminant analysis. A target individual seeking identity verification can submit both a purported identity and a near-infrared tissue spectrum for analysis through near-infrared spectroscopy of the forearm. Similarity between the target spectrum and the multiple spectra for the purported identity in the spectral database is determined and identify verified or not verified based on the degree of similarity.
Inventors
- 👤 Robert K. Rowe
- 👤 William A. Miller
- 👤 Nanxiang Ge
- 👤 Mark Ries Robinson
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-07 15:32
CPC Classifications
A; A61; A61B; A61B5/00; A61B5/0059; A61B5/117; A61B5/72; A61B5/7235; A61B5/7264; A61B5/7267; G; G06; G06V; G06V40/00; G06V40/10; G06V40/12; G06V40/40; G16; G16H; G16H50/00; G16H50/70
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 28
Claim 1
Independent Claim
111 words
A method for verifying the purported identity of a target individual utilizing a number of authorization tissue spectral data from verified individuals having known identities, said spectral data having a plurality of measurement wavelengths, comprising the steps of: obtaining target tissue spectral data from subepidermal tissue of said target individual by applying a plurality of optical wavelengths to the subepidermal tissue and measuring a plurality of wavelengths emanating from the tissue; and positively verifying said target individual's purported identity by confirming consistency of a difference calculated between the target tissue spectral data and authorization tissue spectral data with a database having a plurality of intra-patient difference spectra for the target individual.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
111 words
A method for verifying the purported identity of a target individual utilizing a number of authorization tissue spectral data from verified individuals having known identities, said spectral data having a plurality of measurement wavelengths, comprising the steps of: obtaining target tissue spectral data from subepidermal tissue of said target individual by applying a plurality of optical wavelengths to the subepidermal tissue and measuring a plurality of wavelengths emanating from the tissue; and positively verifying said target individual's purported identity by confirming consistency of a difference calculated between the target tissue spectral data and authorization tissue spectral data with a database having a plurality of intra-patient difference spectra for the target individual.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
35 words
The method for verifying the purported identity of a target individual as recited in claim 1 , further evaluating the difference calculated wherein said evaluation is done by a model that identifies between patients' differences.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
32 words
The method for verifying the purported identity of a target individual as recited in claim 1 , wherein said differences are processed through a model to determine the significance of identified differences.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method for verifying the purported identity of a target individual as recited in claim 1 , wherein said number of verified individuals is equal to one.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method for verifying the purported identity of a target individual as recited in claim 1 , wherein said number of verified individuals is greater than one.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
39 words
The method for verifying the purported identity of a target individual as recited in claim 1 , further comprising obtaining a number of authorization tissue spectra from an individual, said number of authorization tissue spectra being greater than two.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method for verifying the purported identity of a target individual as recited in claim 1 , wherein said target spectrum is added to said authorization spectra after said verification.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
51 words
The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein said number of measurement wavelengths is greater than four, further comprising calculating an inter-person spectral distance between said authorized spectra of said verified individuals at said wavelengths, wherein said wavelengths are selected at least in part to maximize said inter-person spectral differences.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
51 words
The method as recited in claim 8 , wherein said number of authorization tissue spectra is greater than four, further comprising calculating an intra-person spectral distance between said authorization spectra for an individual at said wavelengths, wherein said wavelengths are selected at least in part to minimize said intra-person spectral differences.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein said tissue spectra include near-infrared wavelengths.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method as recited in claim 10 , wherein said tissue spectra includes a substantial spectral contribution from subcutaneous blood.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method recited in claim 1 wherein applying the plurality of optical wavelengths comprises applying a spectral band of the optical wavelengths.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
127 words
A system for verifying the purported identity of a target individual comprising: an authorized database including a plurality of intra-patient difference near-infrared tissue spectra for each of a plurality of authorized persons; means for obtaining a near-infrared tissue spectrum and purported identity from said target individual by applying a plurality of optical wavelengths to subepidermal tissue of the target individual and measuring a plurality of wavelengths emanating from the tissue; means for discriminating between said target individual near-infrared spectrum and said authorized persons near-infrared spectra by confirming consistency of a difference calculated between the target individual near-infrared spectrum and an authorization near-infrared tissue spectrum with the intra-patient difference near-infrared tissue spectra of the authorized database; and means for indicating if said target individual purported identity is correct.
Claim 15
Independent Claim
127 words
A system for verifying the purported identity of a target individual comprising: an authorized database including a plurality of intra-patient difference near-infrared tissue spectra for each of a plurality of authorized persons; means for obtaining a near-infrared tissue spectrum and purported identity from said target individual by applying a plurality of optical wavelengths to subepidermal tissue of the target individual and measuring a plurality of wavelengths emanating from the tissue; means for discriminating between said target individual near-infrared spectrum and said authorized persons near-infrared spectra by confirming consistency of a difference calculated between the target individual near-infrared spectrum and an authorization near-infrared tissue spectrum with the intra-patient difference near-infrared tissue spectra of the authorized database; and means for indicating if said target individual purported identity is correct.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
17 words
The system as recited in claim 13 , wherein said discriminating means utilizes said target purported identity.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
35 words
The system as recited in claim 13 , wherein said means for discrimination includes means for selecting a plurality of said wavelengths, such that spectral differences between said spectra of said authorized persons is maximized.
Claim 18
Independent Claim
131 words
A system for verifying the purported identify of a target individual comprising: a computer including an input device and an output device; a database including a plurality of intra-patient difference near-infrared tissue spectra for each of a plurality of authorized persons; means for obtaining a near-infrared tissue spectrum from said target individual, including a near-infrared radiation source for projecting a plurality of near-infrared optical wavelengths subcutaneously and a near-infrared spectrometer for measuring subcutaneous near-infrared intensity over a plurality of wavelengths; and a program running in said computer for discriminating between said target individual near-infrared spectrum and said authorized persons near-infrared spectra by confirming consistency of a difference calculated between the target individual near-infrared tissue spectrum and an authorization near-infrared tissue spectrum with the intra-patient difference near-infrared tissue spectra of the database.
Claim 19
Independent Claim
131 words
A system for verifying the purported identify of a target individual comprising: a computer including an input device and an output device; a database including a plurality of intra-patient difference near-infrared tissue spectra for each of a plurality of authorized persons; means for obtaining a near-infrared tissue spectrum from said target individual, including a near-infrared radiation source for projecting a plurality of near-infrared optical wavelengths subcutaneously and a near-infrared spectrometer for measuring subcutaneous near-infrared intensity over a plurality of wavelengths; and a program running in said computer for discriminating between said target individual near-infrared spectrum and said authorized persons near-infrared spectra by confirming consistency of a difference calculated between the target individual near-infrared tissue spectrum and an authorization near-infrared tissue spectrum with the intra-patient difference near-infrared tissue spectra of the database.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
31 words
The system of claim 16 , wherein said means for obtaining a near-infrared tissue spectra includes an input element and an output element coupled to said tissue via an index-matching medium.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
14 words
The system of claim 17 , wherein said index-matching medium comprises a chlorofluorocarbon polymer.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
11 words
The system of claim 18 , wherein said polymer includes chlorotrifluoroethylene.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
18 words
The system of claim 17 , wherein said index-matching medium has a refractive index between 1.30 and 1.45.
Claim 24
Independent Claim
136 words
A system for verifying the purported identity of a target individual comprising: an authorized database including a plurality of intra-patient difference near-infrared tissue spectra for each of a plurality of authorized persons; an optical source adapted to apply a plurality of optical wavelengths to subepidermal tissue of the target individual; a spectrometer adapted to obtain a near-infrared tissue spectrum from the target individual by measuring a plurality of wavelengths emanating from the tissue; a comparator adapted to discriminate between the target individual near-infrared spectrum and the authorized persons near-infrared spectra by confirming consistency of a difference calculated between the target individual near-infrared spectrum and an authorization near-infrared tissue spectrum with the intra-patient difference near-infrared tissue spectra of the authorized database; and an indicator adapted to indicate if a purported identity of the target individual is correct.
Claim 25
Independent Claim
136 words
A system for verifying the purported identity of a target individual comprising: an authorized database including a plurality of intra-patient difference near-infrared tissue spectra for each of a plurality of authorized persons; an optical source adapted to apply a plurality of optical wavelengths to subepidermal tissue of the target individual; a spectrometer adapted to obtain a near-infrared tissue spectrum from the target individual by measuring a plurality of wavelengths emanating from the tissue; a comparator adapted to discriminate between the target individual near-infrared spectrum and the authorized persons near-infrared spectra by confirming consistency of a difference calculated between the target individual near-infrared spectrum and an authorization near-infrared tissue spectrum with the intra-patient difference near-infrared tissue spectra of the authorized database; and an indicator adapted to indicate if a purported identity of the target individual is correct.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
20 words
The system of claim 21 wherein the optical source and spectrometer are coupled to the tissue via an index-matching medium.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
15 words
The system of claim 22 , wherein the index matching medium comprises a chlorofluorocarbon polymer.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
11 words
The system of claim 23 , wherein the polymer includes chlorotrifluoroethylene.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2006-09-29 | 2007-03-31 | 2007-09-30 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2010-09-29 | 2011-03-31 | 2011-09-30 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2014-09-29 | 2015-03-31 | 2015-09-30 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |