2' Modified Oligonucleotides

Claim 2

An oligonucleotide having the formula ##STR6## or a salt thereof, wherein each B is independently a protected or unprotected purine or pyrimidine base in the β-anomeric configuration; W 3 and W 4 are each independently H, PO 3 -2 , a protecting group, or an intermediate moiety in the formation of an internucleotide link which when reacted with the appropriate --OH results in Z; each Z independently is P(O)O, P(O)S or P(O)N(R) 2 ; each R is independently H or alkyl (1-6 C); n is an integer of 1-200; each A is independently selected from the group consisting of --X--Y, H, OH or --OPr wherein Pr is a protecting group wherein X is O; Y is substituted alkyl (2-20 C) or substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl (2-20 C), wherein the substituents are a halogen, OH, NH 2 , SH, --O--, --CH 2 CONH 2 , --CH 2 COOCH 2 CH 3 or --CH 2 CONHCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 ; and wherein at least one A is X--Y.

Claim 3

The oligonucleotide of claim 1 wherein the substituents are --CH 2 COONH 2 , --CH 2 COOCH 2 CH 3 or --CH 2 CONHCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 .

Claim 4

The oligonucleotide of claim 1 wherein each Z is independently P(O)O or P(O)S.

Claim 5

The oligonucleotide of claim 1 wherein each Z is P(O)O.

Claim 6

The oligonucleotide of claim 1 wherein each Z is P(O)S.

Claim 7

The oligonucleotide of claim 1 wherein each B is independently thymine, adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil, 5-methylcytosine, 5-bromouracil, or a protected derivative thereof.

Claim 8

The oligonucleotide of claim 1 wherein W 3 is 4,4'-dimethoxytrityl, 4-monomethoxytrityl or trityl.

Claim 9

The oligonucleotide of claim 1 wherein the oligonucleotide is a dimer or trimer.

Claim 10

The oligonucleotide of claim 1 wherein at least one A has the formula X--Y and all remaining A are H or OH.

Claim 11

The oligonucleotide of claim 1 wherein W 3 and W 4 are hydrogen.

Claim 12

The oligonucleotide of claim 10 wherein each Z is independently P(O)O or P(O)S.

Claim 13

The oligonucleotide of claim 11 wherein the oligonucleotide is a dimer or trimer.

Claim 14

The oligonucleotide of claim 11 wherein each Z is P(O)S.

Claim 15

The oligonucleotide of claim 1 wherein Y is substituted alkyl (2-6 C).

Claim 16

The oligonucleotide of claim 14 wherein Y is substituted with a halogen, --O--, OH or NH 2 .

Claim 17

The oligonucleotide of claim 1 wherein Y is substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl (2-6 C).

Claim 18

The oligonucleotide of claim 16 wherein Y is substituted with a halogen, --O--, OH or NH 2 .

Claim 19

The oligonucleotide of claim 1 wherein Y is substituted alkyl (2-20 C) and the carbon atoms in Y are methylene groups.

Claim 20

The oligonucleotide of claim 18 wherein Y contains --CH 2 --O--CH 2 --CH 2 --O--.

Claim 21

The oligonucleotide of claim 18 wherein Y contains --CH 2 --O--CH 2 --CH 2 --NH--.

Claim 22

The oligonucleotide of claim 18 wherein Y contains --COO--CH 2 --CH 2 --O--.

Claim 23

The oligonucleotide of claim 18 wherein Y is substituted alkyl (2-6 C).

Claim 24

The oligonucleotide of claim 18 wherein Y is substituted with a halogen, --O--, OH or NH 2 .

Claim 25

The oligonucleotide of claim 23 wherein Y is substituted with --O--.

Claim 26

The oligonucleotide of claim 23 wherein Y is substituted with a halogen or OH.

Claim 27

The oligonucleotide of claim 1 wherein Y is substituted alkyl (2-20 C) or substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl (2-20 C), wherein the substituents are a halogen, OH, --O--, --CH 2 CONH 2 , --CH 2 COOCH 2 CH 3 or --CH 2 CONHCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 .

Claim 28

The oligonucleotide of claim 1 wherein each B is independently an unprotected purine or pyrimidine base.

Claim 29

An oligonucleotide having the formula ##STR7## or a salt thereof, wherein each B is independently a protected or unprotected purine or pyrimidine base in the β-anomeric configuration; W 3 and W 4 are each independently H, PO 3 -2 , a protecting group, or an intermediate moiety in the formation of an internucleotide link which when reacted with the appropriate --OH results in Z; each Z independently is --P(O)O--, --P(O)S-- or --P(O)N(R) 2 --; each R is independently H or alkyl (1-6 C); n is an integer of 1-200; each A is independently selected from the group consisting of --X--Y, --H, --OH or --OPr wherein Pr is a protecting group, wherein X is --CH 2 --, --S-- or --NH--; Y is substituted alkyl (2-20 C) or substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl (2-20 C), wherein the substituents are a halogen, --OH, --NH 2 , --SH, --O--, --CH 2 CONH 2 , --CH 2 COOCH 2 CH 3 or --CH 2 CONHCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 ; and wherein at least one A is --X--Y.

Claim 30

An oligonucleotide having the formula ##STR7## or a salt thereof, wherein each B is independently a protected or unprotected purine or pyrimidine base in the β-anomeric configuration; W 3 and W 4 are each independently H, PO 3 -2 , a protecting group, or an intermediate moiety in the formation of an internucleotide link which when reacted with the appropriate --OH results in Z; each Z independently is --P(O)O--, --P(O)S-- or --P(O)N(R) 2 --; each R is independently H or alkyl (1-6 C); n is an integer of 1-200; each A is independently selected from the group consisting of --X--Y, --H, --OH or --OPr wherein Pr is a protecting group, wherein X is --CH 2 --, --S-- or --NH--; Y is substituted alkyl (2-20 C) or substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl (2-20 C), wherein the substituents are a halogen, --OH, --NH 2 , --SH, --O--, --CH 2 CONH 2 , --CH 2 COOCH 2 CH 3 or --CH 2 CONHCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 ; and wherein at least one A is --X--Y.

Claim 31

The oligonucleotide of claim 28 wherein Y is substituted alkyl (2-20 C) and the carbon atoms in Y are methylene groups.

Claim 32

The oligonucleotide of claim 28 wherein Y contains --CH 2 --O--CH 2 --CH 2 --O--.

Claim 33

The oligonucleotide of claim 28 wherein Y contains --CH 2 --O--CH 2 --CH 2 --NH--.

Claim 34

The oligonucleotide of claim 28 wherein Y contains --COO--CH 2 --CH 2 --O--.

Claim 35

The oligonucleotide of claim 29 wherein Y is substituted with --NH 2 or --SH.

Claim 36

The oligonucleotide of claim 29 wherein Y is substituted with a halogen, --O-- or --OH.

Claim 37

An oligonucleotide having the formula ##STR8## or a salt thereof, wherein each B is independently a protected or unprotected purine or pyrimidine base in the βanomeric configuration; W 3 and W 4 are each independently H, PO 3 -2 , a protecting group, or an intermediate moiety in the formation of an internucleotide link which when reacted with the appropriate --OH results in Z; each Z independently is --P(O)O--, --P(O)S-- or --P(O)N(R) 2 --; each R is independently --H or alkyl (1-6 C); n is an integer of 1-200; each A is independently selected from the group consisting of --X--Y, --H, --OH or --OPr wherein Pr is a protecting group wherein X is --O--; Y is substituted alkyl (2-20 C) or substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl (2-20 C), wherein the substituents are a halogen, --OH, --NH 2 , --SH, --O--, --COOH, --C(O)--, --CH 2 COOH, --CH 2 CONH 2 , --CH 2 COOCH 2 CH 3 or --CH 2 CONHCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 ; and wherein at least one A is --X--Y.

Claim 38

An oligonucleotide having the formula ##STR8## or a salt thereof, wherein each B is independently a protected or unprotected purine or pyrimidine base in the βanomeric configuration; W 3 and W 4 are each independently H, PO 3 -2 , a protecting group, or an intermediate moiety in the formation of an internucleotide link which when reacted with the appropriate --OH results in Z; each Z independently is --P(O)O--, --P(O)S-- or --P(O)N(R) 2 --; each R is independently --H or alkyl (1-6 C); n is an integer of 1-200; each A is independently selected from the group consisting of --X--Y, --H, --OH or --OPr wherein Pr is a protecting group wherein X is --O--; Y is substituted alkyl (2-20 C) or substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl (2-20 C), wherein the substituents are a halogen, --OH, --NH 2 , --SH, --O--, --COOH, --C(O)--, --CH 2 COOH, --CH 2 CONH 2 , --CH 2 COOCH 2 CH 3 or --CH 2 CONHCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 ; and wherein at least one A is --X--Y.