Patent US5416446A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US5416446A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Digital programmable frequency generator
Assignee: Agere Systems LLC
•
Filing: 1992-12-08
•
Granted: 1995-05-16
•
Expires: 2012-12-08
Abstract
Abstract Frequency generators that may be programmed are utilized in a wide variety of applications. Typical applications include radio and television receivers and transmitters, and computer devices that must operate at different clock rates, or be compatible with systems that operate at different clock rates. The present technique provides for programmably generating a frequency. A ring oscillator receives at least one operating voltage through a programmable array of field effect transistors. Digitally selecting a given set of the transistors provides a given operating current for the ring, which establishes the frequency of operation. In one embodiment, the technique is implemented in a CMOS integrated circuit. This technique provides for more rapid frequency changes in a low-power circuit than can be obtained with typical prior-art techniques (e.g., a phase-locked loop).
Inventors
- 👤 Paul T. Holler, Jr.
- 👤 Hyun Lee
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-31 08:35
CPC Classifications
H; H03; H03L; H03L7/00; H03L7/06; H03L7/08; H03L7/099; H03L7/0995; H03K; H03K3/00; H03K3/02; H03K3/027; H03K3/03; H03K3/0315
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 15
Claim 1
Independent Claim
189 words
An integrated circuit comprising a ring oscillator that includes inverters having positive and negative power supply nodes coupled to positive and negative power supply voltage conductors, respectively, characterized in that the positive power supply nodes of the inverters are connected together; the negative power supply nodes of the inverters are connected together; and at least one of said positive and negative power supply nodes of said inverters are connected to the respective power supply voltage conductor through a multiplicity of transistors arranged in at least two banks, with each of said banks having at least two transistors having controlled terminals connected in parallel, and wherein the transistors in a first of said banks have a first size, and the transistors in a second of said banks have a second size that is different than said first size; and further comprising a frequency controller for comparing the frequency of said ring oscillator to a reference frequency for providing binary control signals to the control terminals of said transistors to vary their conductivity between a conducting and non-conducting state, whereby the frequency of oscillation of said ring oscillator may be controlled.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
189 words
An integrated circuit comprising a ring oscillator that includes inverters having positive and negative power supply nodes coupled to positive and negative power supply voltage conductors, respectively, characterized in that the positive power supply nodes of the inverters are connected together; the negative power supply nodes of the inverters are connected together; and at least one of said positive and negative power supply nodes of said inverters are connected to the respective power supply voltage conductor through a multiplicity of transistors arranged in at least two banks, with each of said banks having at least two transistors having controlled terminals connected in parallel, and wherein the transistors in a first of said banks have a first size, and the transistors in a second of said banks have a second size that is different than said first size; and further comprising a frequency controller for comparing the frequency of said ring oscillator to a reference frequency for providing binary control signals to the control terminals of said transistors to vary their conductivity between a conducting and non-conducting state, whereby the frequency of oscillation of said ring oscillator may be controlled.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
44 words
The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein a first multiplicity of transistors connects said positive power supply nodes to the positive power supply voltage conductor, and a second multiplicity of transistors connects said negative power supply nodes to the negative power supply voltage conductor.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
28 words
The integrated circuit of claim 2 wherein said first multiplicity of transistors are p-channel field effect transistors and said second multiplicity of transistors are n-channel field effect transistors.
Claim 5
Independent Claim
214 words
A system for programmably generating a range of frequencies, said system including a power supply that provides positive and negative voltages, and an integrated circuit comprising a ring oscillator that includes inverters having positive and negative power supply nodes coupled to positive and negative power supply voltage conductors, respectively, characterized in that the positive power supply nodes of the inverters are connected together; the negative power supply nodes of the inverters are connected together; and at least one of said positive and negative power supply nodes of said inverters are connected to at least one of said power supply voltage conductors through a multiplicity of transistors arranged in at least two banks, with each of said banks having at least two transistors having controlled terminals connected in parallel, and wherein the transistors in a first of said banks have a first size, and the transistors in a second of said banks have a second size that is different than said first size; and further comprising a frequency controller for comparing the frequency of said ring oscillator to a reference frequency for providing binary control signals to the control terminals of said transistors to vary their conductivity between a conducting and non-conducting state, whereby the frequency of oscillation of said ring oscillator may be controlled.
Claim 6
Independent Claim
214 words
A system for programmably generating a range of frequencies, said system including a power supply that provides positive and negative voltages, and an integrated circuit comprising a ring oscillator that includes inverters having positive and negative power supply nodes coupled to positive and negative power supply voltage conductors, respectively, characterized in that the positive power supply nodes of the inverters are connected together; the negative power supply nodes of the inverters are connected together; and at least one of said positive and negative power supply nodes of said inverters are connected to at least one of said power supply voltage conductors through a multiplicity of transistors arranged in at least two banks, with each of said banks having at least two transistors having controlled terminals connected in parallel, and wherein the transistors in a first of said banks have a first size, and the transistors in a second of said banks have a second size that is different than said first size; and further comprising a frequency controller for comparing the frequency of said ring oscillator to a reference frequency for providing binary control signals to the control terminals of said transistors to vary their conductivity between a conducting and non-conducting state, whereby the frequency of oscillation of said ring oscillator may be controlled.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
43 words
The system of claim 4 wherein a first multiplicity of transistors connects said positive power supply nodes to the positive power supply voltage conductor, and a second multiplicity of transistors connects said negative power supply nodes to the negative power supply voltage conductor.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
27 words
The system of claim 5 wherein said first multiplicity of transistors are p-channel field effect transistors and said second multiplicity of transistors are n-channel field effect transistors.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
23 words
The system of claim 4 wherein said means for supplying a reference frequency includes a crystal that is external to said integrated circuit.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
23 words
The integrated circuit of claim 2 wherein said binary control signals are the voltages on said positive and negative power supply voltage conductors.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
22 words
The integrated circuit of claim 2 wherein said binary control signals are the voltages on said positive and negative power supply nodes.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
22 words
The system of claim 5 wherein said binary control signals are the voltages on said positive and negative power supply voltage conductors.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
21 words
The system of claim 5 wherein said binary control signals are the voltages on said positive and negative power supply nodes.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
35 words
The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein said frequency controller comprises a gated counter which counts the number of cycles of the ring oscillator during an interval that is a function of the reference frequency.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
34 words
The system of claim 4 wherein said frequency controller comprises a gated counter which counts the number of cycles of the ring oscillator during an interval that is a function of the reference frequency.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US3287655A
Cited
US3931588A
Cited
US4346343A
Cited
US5012141A
Cited
WO1988008642A1
Cited
US4906944A
Cited
US4988960A
Cited
US5072197A
Cited
US5121014A
Cited
US5233316A
Cited
US5220216A
Cited
US5206609A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1998-05-15 | 1998-11-14 | 1999-05-16 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2002-05-15 | 2002-11-14 | 2003-05-16 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2006-05-15 | 2006-11-14 | 2007-05-16 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |