Patent JPS5976019A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
Patent US5346566A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US5346566A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Water barrier of water-swellable clay or other abrasive material sandwiched between interconnected layers of flexible fabric sewn or needled together using a lubricant and/or a liquid adhesive
Assignee: Amcol International Corp
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Filing: 1992-12-16
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Granted: 1994-09-13
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Expires: 2012-12-16
Abstract
Abstract A multi-layer article of manufacture includes an intermediate layer of a water-swellable colloidal clay, such as bentonite, sandwiched between two layers of flexible sheet or fabric material wherein the two flexible layers of sheet or fabric material are structurally interconnected through the intermediate clay layer, such as by needle punching, after lubrication of the clay surface with a liquid, such as water, to interconnect fibers of one fabric layer to the other fabric layer at spaced locations over essentially the entire inner surface areas of both sheet or fabric material layers. In a preferred embodiment, a water-insoluble adhesive is applied to at least one of the fabric layers to lock the interconnecting fibers in place and substantially increase the structural integrity, particularly the shear strength, of the article.
Inventors
- 👤 Alec W. White
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-07 15:53
CPC Classifications
B; B32; B32B; B32B7/00; B32B7/04; B32B7/08; B09; B09B; B09B1/00; B32B5/00; B32B5/16; E; E02; E02B; E02B3/00; E02B3/04; E02B3/12; E02B3/122; E02D; E02D31/00; E02D31/002; E02D31/004; E02D31/02; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S210/00; Y10S210/901; Y10S210/902; Y10S210/911; Y10S210/912; Y10S428/00; Y10S428/913; Y10S55/00; Y10S55/09; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/24; Y10T428/24033; Y10T428/24174; Y10T428/24182; Y10T428/24777; Y10T428/24785; Y10T428/24802; Y10T428/24893; Y10T428/27; Y10T442/00; Y10T442/30; Y10T442/3472; Y10T442/348; Y10T442/3496; Y10T442/3602; Y10T442/361; Y10T442/60; Y10T442/659; Y10T442/66; Y10T442/662; Y10T442/665; Y10T442/666; Y10T442/667
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 36
Claim 1
Independent Claim
82 words
A multi-layer article of manufacture comprising a pair of flexible fabric layers having a layer of powdered or granular abrasive material sandwiched therebetween, said pair of fabric layers structurally interconnected one to the other with continuous, elongate fibers to confine the abrasive material therebetween, and wherein at least one of the flexible fabric layers includes a partially penetrated coating of an adhesive in an amount sufficient to increase the shear strength of the article, but insufficient to completely penetrate the fabric layer.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
82 words
A multi-layer article of manufacture comprising a pair of flexible fabric layers having a layer of powdered or granular abrasive material sandwiched therebetween, said pair of fabric layers structurally interconnected one to the other with continuous, elongate fibers to confine the abrasive material therebetween, and wherein at least one of the flexible fabric layers includes a partially penetrated coating of an adhesive in an amount sufficient to increase the shear strength of the article, but insufficient to completely penetrate the fabric layer.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
98 words
A multi-layer article of manufacture useful as a waterproofing material comprising a pair of flexible sheet material layers having a layer of powdered or granular abrasive material sandwiched therebetween, said pair of sheet material layers structurally interconnected one to the other by sewing or needle punching to confine the abrasive material therebetween, and thereafter binding an outer surface of one of the sheet material layers by applying an adhesive to additionally strengthen the sewing or needle bond interconnection in an amount sufficient to increase the shear strength of the article but insufficient to substantially coat the abrasive material.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
98 words
A multi-layer article of manufacture useful as a waterproofing material comprising a pair of flexible sheet material layers having a layer of powdered or granular abrasive material sandwiched therebetween, said pair of sheet material layers structurally interconnected one to the other by sewing or needle punching to confine the abrasive material therebetween, and thereafter binding an outer surface of one of the sheet material layers by applying an adhesive to additionally strengthen the sewing or needle bond interconnection in an amount sufficient to increase the shear strength of the article but insufficient to substantially coat the abrasive material.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
65 words
The article of claim 2, wherein the pair of flexible sheet material layers are interconnected with fibers, filaments or strands of flexible material from one of the sheet material layers secured to the other sheet material layer at spaced locations over essentially the entire internal surface area of said other sheet material layer to structurally secure the intermediate layer between the flexible sheet material layers.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
48 words
The article of claim 3 including dislodging fibers from the upper sheet material layer and securing the dislodged fibers to the other layer of sheet material with a water-insoluble adhesive to interconnect the upper and lower sheet material layers, and wherein the abrasive material is a water-swellable clay.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
29 words
The article of claim 2 further including binding the edges of the article to prevent a substantial amount of clay from falling out of the edges of the article.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
20 words
The article of claim 2, wherein one of the upper and lower sheet material layers is a woven fabric layer.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
37 words
The article of claim 6, wherein the abrasive material has been wetted with water in an amount of at least about 0.1 ounce of water per square foot of surface area prior to sewing or needle punching.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
28 words
The article of claim 2, wherein the upper and lower sheet material layers have a weight of about one to about 50 ounces of material per square foot.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
25 words
The article of claim 2 further including a layer of flexible water-impermeable material substantially coextensive with and adhered to one of the sheet material layers.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
24 words
The article of claim 9, wherein the layer of water-impermeable material is a polymeric sheet material adhesively secured to an upper sheet material layer.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
27 words
The article of claim 9, wherein the layer of water-impermeable material is a mixture of a water-swellable clay and polypropene or polybutene as a cohesive, sticky layer.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
28 words
The article of claim 2, wherein the article further includes a reinforcing structure formed from a plurality of interconnected polymeric fibers and supplied from a roll or spool.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
29 words
The article of claim 12, wherein the reinforcing structure is selected from the group consisting of a polymeric netting; a geo grid; a geo net; woven and spunbonded materials.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
84 words
A multi-layer article of manufacture comprising a pair of flexible fabric layers having a contaminant-interacting layer of material sandwiched therebetween, said contaminant-interacting layer capable of interacting with water-soluble contaminants from water contacting said layer, said pair of fabric layers structurally interconnected one to the other with fibers to confine the contaminant-interacting material layer therebetween, wherein one of the flexible fabric layers includes an adhesive in an area of the interconnecting fibers and in an amount sufficient to increase the shear strength of the article.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
84 words
A multi-layer article of manufacture comprising a pair of flexible fabric layers having a contaminant-interacting layer of material sandwiched therebetween, said contaminant-interacting layer capable of interacting with water-soluble contaminants from water contacting said layer, said pair of fabric layers structurally interconnected one to the other with fibers to confine the contaminant-interacting material layer therebetween, wherein one of the flexible fabric layers includes an adhesive in an area of the interconnecting fibers and in an amount sufficient to increase the shear strength of the article.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
54 words
The article of claim 14, wherein the pair of flexible sheet material layers are interconnected with fibers, filaments or strands of flexible material secured to both fabric layers at spaced locations over essentially the entire major areas of both fabric layers to structurally secure the intermediate contaminant-interacting material layer between the flexible fabric layers.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
35 words
The article of claim 14, wherein the contaminant-interacting layer is selected from the group consisting of a contaminant adsorbent material, contaminant absorbent material, contaminant reactant material, contaminant ion-exchange material, contaminant neutralizing material and combinations thereof.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
24 words
The article of claim 16, wherein the contaminant-interacting material is selected from the group consisting of a zeolite, an organophilic clay, and combinations thereof.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
13 words
The article of claim 17, wherein the contaminant-interacting material is an ion-exchange material.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
18 words
The article of claim 14, wherein the article further includes a water-swellable clay between said sheet material layers.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
15 words
The article of claim 19, wherein said water-swellable clay is admixed with said contaminant-interacting material.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
23 words
The article of claim 19, wherein said clay is provided as a separate layer disposed on a downstream side of the contaminant-interacting material.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
91 words
A multi-layer article of manufacture useful as a waterproofing material comprising a pair of flexible sheet material layers having a layer of powdered or granular abrasive material sandwiched therebetween, said pair of sheet material layers structurally interconnected one to the other by sewing or needle punching to confine the abrasive material therebetween, and thereafter binding an outer surface of one of the sheet material layers by bonding together thermoplastic fibers contained within said one sheet material layer, after sewing or needle punching, to additionally strengthen the sewing or needle bond interconnection.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
91 words
A multi-layer article of manufacture useful as a waterproofing material comprising a pair of flexible sheet material layers having a layer of powdered or granular abrasive material sandwiched therebetween, said pair of sheet material layers structurally interconnected one to the other by sewing or needle punching to confine the abrasive material therebetween, and thereafter binding an outer surface of one of the sheet material layers by bonding together thermoplastic fibers contained within said one sheet material layer, after sewing or needle punching, to additionally strengthen the sewing or needle bond interconnection.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
17 words
The multi-layer of claim 22, wherein the thermoplastic fibers are bonded together by melting together adjacent fibers.
Claim 28
Independent Claim
160 words
A method of manufacturing a multi-layers article including a lower layer of fabric, an upper layer of fabric and an intermediate layer of a powdered or granular abrasive material secured between the fabric layers by needle punching or sewing, the improvement comprising applying a lubricating-effective amount of a liquid to a surface of the layer of abrasive material to lubricate the penetration of a needle through the layer of abrasive material, thereby reducing needle wear and breakage and providing consistent, effective securing of the upper and lower fabric layers surrounding an essentially constant thickness of said abrasive material, and thereafter binding an outer surface of one of the fabric layers by applying an adhesive to at least one of the fabrics during manufacture such that the adhesive bridges an area between essentially horizontally disposed fabric fibers and essentially vertically disposed securing fibers to increase the shear strength of the article essentially without coating the intermediate abrasive particles with said adhesive.
Claim 29
Independent Claim
160 words
A method of manufacturing a multi-layers article including a lower layer of fabric, an upper layer of fabric and an intermediate layer of a powdered or granular abrasive material secured between the fabric layers by needle punching or sewing, the improvement comprising applying a lubricating-effective amount of a liquid to a surface of the layer of abrasive material to lubricate the penetration of a needle through the layer of abrasive material, thereby reducing needle wear and breakage and providing consistent, effective securing of the upper and lower fabric layers surrounding an essentially constant thickness of said abrasive material, and thereafter binding an outer surface of one of the fabric layers by applying an adhesive to at least one of the fabrics during manufacture such that the adhesive bridges an area between essentially horizontally disposed fabric fibers and essentially vertically disposed securing fibers to increase the shear strength of the article essentially without coating the intermediate abrasive particles with said adhesive.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method of claim 24, wherein the abrasive material is bentonite clay and the lubricating liquid comprises water and the water is applied to the needles or to the clay surface area initially penetrated by said needles.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
47 words
The method of claim 25, wherein the water is applied over substantially an entire surface area of the clay layer on the clay surface first contacted with the needles, at a rate of at least about 0.1 ounce of water per square foot of clay surface area.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method of claim 26, wherein the water is applied at a rate of about 0.1% to about 40% based on the dry weight of the intermediate clay layer.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 24, wherein at least one of the fabric layers is a non-woven fabric.
Claim 34
Independent Claim
102 words
A method of preventing water from contacting a structure comprising installing a multi-layer article of manufacture against said structure; said multi-layer article including first and second sheet material layers having a layer of water-swellable clay therebetween, said first and second sheet material layers secured together on opposite sides of the clay layer by needle punching or sewing, and thereafter applying a water-insoluble adhesive to at least one of the sheet material layers during manufacture such that the adhesive bridges an area between essentially horizontally disposed sheet material fibers and essentially vertically disposed securing fibers to increase the shear strength of the article.
Claim 35
Independent Claim
102 words
A method of preventing water from contacting a structure comprising installing a multi-layer article of manufacture against said structure; said multi-layer article including first and second sheet material layers having a layer of water-swellable clay therebetween, said first and second sheet material layers secured together on opposite sides of the clay layer by needle punching or sewing, and thereafter applying a water-insoluble adhesive to at least one of the sheet material layers during manufacture such that the adhesive bridges an area between essentially horizontally disposed sheet material fibers and essentially vertically disposed securing fibers to increase the shear strength of the article.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
33 words
The method of claim 29, wherein at least one of the first and second sheet material layers is a non-woven fabric, and wherein the other sheet material layer is coated with the adhesive.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1997-09-12 | 1998-03-14 | 1998-09-13 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2001-09-12 | 2002-03-14 | 2002-09-13 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2005-09-12 | 2006-03-14 | 2006-09-13 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |