Image forming apparatus

Claim 2

An image forming apparatus comprising: means for forming a latent image on an image carrier; means for supplying a developer to the image carrier to form a developed image corresponding to the latent image on the image carrier, the developer including a toner having an average particle diameter falling within a range of about 3-10 μm, the toner having a fluidity of not more than 3 grams, the developer containing 0.3-2.0 weight % of a flow additive; and means for transferring the developed image onto a recording medium by pressing the recording medium on the developed image; the transferring means including an elastic layer; and a pressure per a nip area between the transferring means and the image carrier being within a range of 60 g/cm 2 -280 g/cm 2 .

Claim 3

The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the image-transferring means comprises: roller means for transporting the medium; means for pressing the roller means against the image carrier; means for rotatably supporting the roller means; and means for applying voltage to the roller means.

Claim 4

The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the roller means comprises: a shaft; a conductive and elastic layer covering the shaft; and a resistive layer covering the conductive and elastic layer.

Claim 5

The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the developer includes a toner having an average particle diameter falling within a range of 4-7 μm.

Claim 6

An image forming apparatus comprising: means for forming a latent image on an image carrier; mean for supplying a developer to the image carrier to form a developed image corresponding to the latent image on the image carrier, the developer including a toner having an average particle diameter falling within a range of about 3-10 μm, the toner having a fluidity of not more than 3 grams, the developer containing 0.3-2.0 weight % of a flow additive; and means for transferring the developed image onto a recording medium by pressing the recording medium on the developed image; wherein the transferring means includes roller means for transporting the medium, means for pressing the roller means against the image carrier, means for rotatably supporting the roller means, and means for applying voltage to the roller means; wherein a pressure per a nip area between the transferring means and the image carrier is within a range of 60 g/cm 2 -280 g/cm 2 ; and wherein the roller means comprises a shaft; an elastic layer covering the shaft; a conductive layer comprising a conductive member and covering the elastic layer; a resistive layer comprising a resistance member and covering the conductive layer; and a conductive member for electrically connecting the shaft to the conductive layer.

Claim 7

An image forming apparatus comprising: means for forming a latent image on an image carrier; mean for supplying a developer to the image carrier to form a developed image corresponding to the latent image on the image carrier, the developer including a toner having an average particle diameter falling within a range of about 3-10 μm, the toner having a fluidity of not more than 3 grams, the developer containing 0.3-2.0 weight % of a flow additive; and means for transferring the developed image onto a recording medium by pressing the recording medium on the developed image; wherein the transferring means includes roller means for transporting the medium, means for pressing the roller means against the image carrier, means for rotatably supporting the roller means, and means for applying voltage to the roller means; wherein a pressure per a nip area between the transferring means and the image carrier is within a range of 60 g/cm 2 -280 g/cm 2 ; and wherein the roller means comprises a shaft; an elastic layer covering the shaft; a conductive layer comprising a conductive member and covering the elastic layer; a resistive layer comprising a resistance member and covering the conductive layer; and a conductive member for electrically connecting the shaft to the conductive layer.

Claim 8

The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the conductive layer is conductive and flexible, and has a volume resistivity lower than that of the resistive layer, the volume resistivity being equal to or lower than 10 5 Ω cm.

Claim 9

The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the developer includes a toner having an average particle diameter falling within a range of 4-7 μm.

Claim 10

An image forming apparatus comprising: means for forming a latent image on an image carrier; means for supplying a developer to the image carrier to form a developed image corresponding to the latent image on the image carrier, the developer including a toner having an average particle diameter falling within a range of about 3-10 μm, the developer containing 0.3-2.0 weight % of a flow additive; and means for transferring the developed image onto a recording medium by pressing the recording medium on the developed image, a pressure per a nip area between the transferring means and the image carrier being within a range of 60 g/cm 2 -280 g/cm 2 ; the transferring means including a roller means for transporting the medium, a means for pressing the roller means against the image carrier, means for rotatably supporting the roller means, and means for applying voltage to the roller means; the roller means including a shaft, an elastic layer covering the shaft, a conductive layer comprising a conductive member and covering the elastic layer, a resistive layer comprising a resistance member and covering the conductive layer, the conductive member electrically connecting the shaft to the conductive layer; the resistive layer comprising non-conductive material and conductive fine particles dispersed in the non-conductive material, and having a volume resistivity falling within a range of 10 3 -10 25 Ω cm, and a thickness falling within a range of 0.02-2 mm.

Claim 11

An image forming apparatus comprising: means for forming a latent image on an image carrier; means for supplying a developer to the image carrier to form a developed image corresponding to the latent image on the image carrier, the developer including a toner having an average particle diameter falling within a range of about 3-10 μm, the developer containing 0.3-2.0 weight % of a flow additive; and means for transferring the developed image onto a recording medium by pressing the recording medium on the developed image, a pressure per a nip area between the transferring means and the image carrier being within a range of 60 g/cm 2 -280 g/cm 2 ; the transferring means including a roller means for transporting the medium, a means for pressing the roller means against the image carrier, means for rotatably supporting the roller means, and means for applying voltage to the roller means; the roller means including a shaft, an elastic layer covering the shaft, a conductive layer comprising a conductive member and covering the elastic layer, a resistive layer comprising a resistance member and covering the conductive layer, the conductive member electrically connecting the shaft to the conductive layer; the resistive layer comprising non-conductive material and conductive fine particles dispersed in the non-conductive material, and having a volume resistivity falling within a range of 10 3 -10 25 Ω cm, and a thickness falling within a range of 0.02-2 mm.

Claim 12

The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the conductive layer is conductive and flexible, and has a volume resistivity lower than that of the resistive layer, the volume resistivity being equal to or lower than 10 5 Ω cm.

Claim 13

An image forming apparatus comprising: means for forming a latent image on an image carrier; means for supplying a developer to the image carrier to form a developed image corresponding to the latent image on the image carrier, the developer including a toner having an average particle diameter falling within a range of about 3-10 μm, the developer containing 0.3-2.0 weight % of a flow additive; and means for transferring the developed image onto a recording medium by pressing the recording medium on the developed image, a pressure per a nip area between the transferring means and the image carrier being within a range of 60 g/cm 2 -280 g/cm 2 ; the transferring means including a roller means for transporting the medium, a means for pressing the roller means against the image carrier, means for rotatably supporting the roller means, and means for applying voltage to the roller means; the roller means including a shaft, an elastic layer covering the shaft, a conductive layer comprising a conductive member and covering the elastic layer, a resistive layer comprising a resistance member and covering the conductive layer, the conductive member electrically connecting the shaft to the conductive layer; the resistive layer comprising a flexible and conductive member made of a high polymer resin, and having a volume resistivity falling within a range of 10 3 -10 25 Ω cm, and a thickness falling within a range of 0.02-2 mm.

Claim 14

An image forming apparatus comprising: means for forming a latent image on an image carrier; means for supplying a developer to the image carrier to form a developed image corresponding to the latent image on the image carrier, the developer including a toner having an average particle diameter falling within a range of about 3-10 μm, the developer containing 0.3-2.0 weight % of a flow additive; and means for transferring the developed image onto a recording medium by pressing the recording medium on the developed image, a pressure per a nip area between the transferring means and the image carrier being within a range of 60 g/cm 2 -280 g/cm 2 ; the transferring means including a roller means for transporting the medium, a means for pressing the roller means against the image carrier, means for rotatably supporting the roller means, and means for applying voltage to the roller means; the roller means including a shaft, an elastic layer covering the shaft, a conductive layer comprising a conductive member and covering the elastic layer, a resistive layer comprising a resistance member and covering the conductive layer, the conductive member electrically connecting the shaft to the conductive layer; the resistive layer comprising a flexible and conductive member made of a high polymer resin, and having a volume resistivity falling within a range of 10 3 -10 25 Ω cm, and a thickness falling within a range of 0.02-2 mm.

Claim 15

The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the developer includes a toner having an average particle diameter falling within a range of 4-7 μm.

Claim 16

An image forming apparatus comprising: means for forming a latent image on an image carrier; means for supplying a developer to the image carrier to form a developed image corresponding to the latent image on the image carrier, the developer including a toner having an average particle diameter falling within a range of about 3-10 μm, and also having a fluidity of 3 grams or less, the developer containing 0.3-2.0 weight % of a flow additive; and means for transferring the developed image onto a recording medium by pressing the recording medium on the developed image; the transferring means including an elastic layer and a resistive layer, the resistive layer having a volume resistivity falling within a range of 10 3 -10 25 Ω cm; and a pressure per a nip area between the transferring means and the image carrier being within a range of 60 g /cm 2 -280 g/cm 2 .

Claim 17

An image forming apparatus comprising: means for forming a latent image on an image carrier; means for supplying a developer to the image carrier to form a developed image corresponding to the latent image on the image carrier, the developer including a toner having an average particle diameter falling within a range of about 3-10 μm, and also having a fluidity of 3 grams or less, the developer containing 0.3-2.0 weight % of a flow additive; and means for transferring the developed image onto a recording medium by pressing the recording medium on the developed image; the transferring means including an elastic layer and a resistive layer, the resistive layer having a volume resistivity falling within a range of 10 3 -10 25 Ω cm; and a pressure per a nip area between the transferring means and the image carrier being within a range of 60 g /cm 2 -280 g/cm 2 .

Claim 18

The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the developer consists of 0.3-2.0 weight % of silica and a toner having an average particle diameter falling within a range of 3-10 μm.

Claim 19

The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the developer comprises 0.3-2.0 weight % of silica and a toner having an average particle diameter falling within a range of 4-7 μm.

Claim 20

The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the developer comprises a material selected from a group consisting of TiO 2 , alumina, particle of a resin, and a mixture thereof, and a toner having an average particle diameter falling within a range of 3-10 μm.