Patent US4708923A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4708923A
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US
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Crosslinked vinyl polymer particles and electrographic elements and liquid developers containing such particles
Assignee: Eastman Kodak Co
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Filing: 1986-04-30
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Granted: 1987-11-24
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Expires: 2006-04-30
Abstract
Abstract The invention provides new crosslinked vinyl polymer particles, new coating compositions containing such particles, new liquid electrographic developers containing such particles, new electrographic elements containing one or more layers comprising such particles, and new electrographic records containing toner images and/or layers comprising such particles. The polymeric particles of the invention are characterized in that each particle has an average diameter less than one micrometer and comprises a crosslinked vinyl addition copolymer obtainable by aqueous emulsion polymerization of a mixture of monomers wherein: 1.5-15 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises polyfunctional vinyl addition-polymerizable monomers in order to form crosslinking structural units in the copolymer; 85-98.5 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises monofunctional vinyl addition-polymerizable monomers selected such that: A. 0-98.5 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises monofunctional monomers, the homopolymers of which would be insoluble in but swellable by an isoparaffinic hydrocarbon liquid; B. from 0 to less than 85 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises monofunctional, monomers, the homopolymers of which would be soluble in the isoparaffinic hydrocarbon liquid; and C. 0-60 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises monofunctional monomers, the homopolymers of which would be insoluble in and not swellable by the isoparrafinic hydrocarbon liquid; with the provisos that: I. if more than 0 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises the monomers of part C., above, than more than 0 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises the monomers of part B., above; II. if more than 9 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises the monomers of part C., above, then less than 10 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises the monomers of part A., above; and III. all of the polyfunctional and monofunctional monomers and amounts thereof are selected such that the copolymer would be insoluble in the isoparaffinic hydrocarbon liquid but would be swellable by that liquid.
Inventors
- 👤 Drewfus Y. Myers, Jr.
- 👤 Peter S. Alexandrovich
- 👤 Glenn T. Pearce
- 👤 Domenic Santilli
- 👤 Chandrasekha Sreekumar
- 👤 Martin A. Berwick
- 👤 Donald A. Upson
- 👤 William K. Goebel
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-25 17:17
CPC Classifications
C; C08; C08F; C08F2/00; C08F2/12; C08F2/16; C08F2/22; G; G03; G03G; G03G5/00; G03G5/14; G03G5/142; G03G5/147; G03G5/14708; G03G5/14713; G03G5/14791; G03G8/00; G03G9/00; G03G9/08; G03G9/12; G03G9/13; G03G9/131; Y; Y10; Y10T; Y10T436/00; Y10T436/17; Y10T436/173845; Y10T436/174614
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 28
Claim 1
Independent Claim
277 words
A plurality of polymeric particles, each particle having an average diameter less than one micrometer and comprising a crosslinked vinyl addition copolymer obtainable by aqueous emulsion polymerization of a mixture of monomers wherein: 1.5-15 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises polyfunctional vinyl addition-polymerizable monomers in order to form crosslinking structural units in the copolymer; 85-98.5 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises monofunctional vinyl addition-polymerizable monomers selected such that: A. 0-98.5 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises monofunctional monomers, the homopolymers of which would be insoluble in but swellable by an isoparaffinic hydrocarbon liquid; B. From 0 to less than 85 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises monofunctional monomers, the homopolymers of which would be soluble in the isoparaffinic hydrocarbon liquid; and C. 0-60 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises monofunctional monomers, the homopolymers of which would be insoluble in and not swellable by the isoparaffinic hydrocarbon liquid; with the provisos that: I. if more than 0 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises the monomers of part C., above, then more than 0 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises the monomers of part B., above; II. if more than 9 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises the monomers of part C., above, then less than 10 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises the monomers of part A., above; and III. all of the polyfunctional and monofunctional monomers and amounts thereof are selected such that the copolymer would be insoluble in the isoparaffinic hydrocarbon liquid but would be swellable in that liquid.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
277 words
A plurality of polymeric particles, each particle having an average diameter less than one micrometer and comprising a crosslinked vinyl addition copolymer obtainable by aqueous emulsion polymerization of a mixture of monomers wherein: 1.5-15 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises polyfunctional vinyl addition-polymerizable monomers in order to form crosslinking structural units in the copolymer; 85-98.5 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises monofunctional vinyl addition-polymerizable monomers selected such that: A. 0-98.5 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises monofunctional monomers, the homopolymers of which would be insoluble in but swellable by an isoparaffinic hydrocarbon liquid; B. From 0 to less than 85 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises monofunctional monomers, the homopolymers of which would be soluble in the isoparaffinic hydrocarbon liquid; and C. 0-60 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises monofunctional monomers, the homopolymers of which would be insoluble in and not swellable by the isoparaffinic hydrocarbon liquid; with the provisos that: I. if more than 0 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises the monomers of part C., above, then more than 0 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises the monomers of part B., above; II. if more than 9 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises the monomers of part C., above, then less than 10 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises the monomers of part A., above; and III. all of the polyfunctional and monofunctional monomers and amounts thereof are selected such that the copolymer would be insoluble in the isoparaffinic hydrocarbon liquid but would be swellable in that liquid.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
82 words
The polymeric particles of claim 1, wherein: 2-7 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises the polyfunctional vinyl addition-polymerizable monomers; from 0 to less than 10 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises the monomers of part A of claim 1; 25-60 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises the monomers of part B of claim 1; and 30-60 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises the monomers of part C of claim 1.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
77 words
The polymeric particles of claim 1, wherein: 2-7 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises the polyfunctional vinyl addition-polymerizable monomers; 48-93 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises the monomers of part A of claim 1; 5-50 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises the monomers of part B of claim 1; and 0-9 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises the monomers of part C of claim 1.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
77 words
The polymeric particles of claim 1, wherein: 2-5 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises the polyfunctional vinyl addition-polymerizable monomers; 58-90 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises the monomers of part A of claim 1; 8-40 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises the monomers of part B of claim 1; and 0-9 percent by weight of the mixture of monomers comprises the monomers of part C of claim 1.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
153 words
The polymeric particles of claim 1, wherein: the monomers of part A of claim 1 are selected from: alkyl acrylates, alkyl methacrylates, and vinyl alkanecarboxylates, the alkyl and alkane groups of which contain 4 to 7 carbon atoms; and styrenes having one or more alkyl substituents containing a total of 1 to 3 carbon atoms; the monomers of part B of claim 1 are selected from: alkyl acrylates, alkyl methacrylates, and vinyl alkanecarboxylates, the alkyl and alkane groups of which contain at least 8 carbon atoms; styrenes having an alkyl substituent containing at least 4 carbon atoms; and olefinic hydrocarbons; and the monomers of part C of claim 1 are selected from: styrene; styrenes having an electronegative substituent; alkyl acrylates, alkyl methacrylates, and vinyl alkanecarboxylates, the alkyl and alkane groups of which contain less than 4 carbon atoms; nitriles; and acrylic and styrene monomers having a hydroxy, amido, amino, or quaternary ammonium substituent.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
22 words
The polymeric particles of claim 1, wherein the polyfunctional vinyl addition-polymerizable monomers are chosen from divinylbenzene, ethylene dimethacrylate, ethylene diacrylate, and N,N'methylenebisacrylamide.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
20 words
The polymeric particles of claim 1, comprising a copolymer of divinylbenzene, isobutyl methacrylate, and either 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate or n-lauryl methacrylate.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
50 words
The polymeric particles of claim 1, wherein the glass transition temperature of the particles when not in contact with a liquid is higher than ambient temperature, but wherein the glass transition temperature of the particles would be lower than ambient temperature if they were swollen with the isoparaffinic hydrocarbon liquid.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
17 words
The polymeric particles of claim 1, wherein each particle has an average diameter less than 0.2 micrometer.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
19 words
The polymeric particles of claim 1, wherein each particle has an average diameter of from 0.02 to 0.1 micrometer.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
17 words
The polymeric particles of claim 1, further comprising a colorant mixed with or bonded to the copolymer.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
14 words
A coating composition comprising the polymeric particles of claim 1 dispersed in a liquid.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
17 words
A composition comprising a dispersion of the polymeric particles of claim 1 in a non-aqueous organic liquid.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
19 words
A liquid electrographic developer comprising a dispersion of the particles of claim 1 in an electrically insulating organic liquid.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
25 words
The liquid electrographic developer of claim 14, further comprising a polymeric dispersion stabilizer and charging agent dispersed or dissolved in the electrically insulating organic liquid.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
18 words
The liquid electrographic developer of claim 14, further comprising a wax dispersed in the electrically insulating organic liquid.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
15 words
The liquid electrographic developer of claim 16, further comprising a dispersing agent for the wax.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
19 words
The liquid electrographic developer of claim 14, further comprising a polyester binder dispersed in the electrically insulating organic liquid.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
17 words
The liquid electrographic developer of claim 18, wherein the polyester binder comprises polyester particles containing a colorant.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
19 words
The liquid electrographic developer of claim 19, wherein the colorant has been combined with the polyester binder by melt-blending.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
17 words
The liquid electrographic developer of claim 18, wherein the polyester binder comprises polyester particles containing a wax.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
19 words
The liquid electrographic developer of claim 19, wherein the wax has been combined with the polyester binder by melt-blending.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
20 words
A self-fixable liquid electrographic developer comprising the particles of claim 8 dispersed in and swollen with the isoparaffinic hydrocarbon liquid.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
23 words
An electrographic record comprising an electrographic toner image on a substrate, characterized in that the toner image comprises the particles of claim 1.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
30 words
An electrographic record comprising: a substrate; an electrographic toner image on the substrate; and over the toner image and the substrate, a polymeric layer comprising the particles of claim 1.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
25 words
An electrographic element comprising: an electrically conductive substrate; a photoconductive layer; and a coating on the photoconductive layer comprising the polymeric particles of claim 1.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
30 words
An electrophotographic element comprising: an electrically conductive substrate; a photoconductive layer; and a barrier layer comprising the polymeric particles of claim 1 situated between the substrate and the photoconductive layer.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1990-11-23 | 1991-05-25 | 1991-11-24 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1994-11-23 | 1995-05-25 | 1995-11-24 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1998-11-23 | 1999-05-25 | 1999-11-24 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |