US4306009A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Liquid developer compositions with a vinyl polymeric gel
Assignee: Nashua Corp
•
Filing: 1980-01-03
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Granted: 1981-12-15
•
Expires: 2000-01-03
Abstract
Abstract Disclosed is a developer composition which in use exhibits improved depletion characteristics and produces copies of high image density. The developer comprises an organic carrier containing a pigment system, a charge control agent, and a "gelatex" which acts as a fixitive and a dispersant. The gelatex comprises a carrier-insoluble vinyl polymer and a multiply-branched, vinyl polymer which physically entraps or entangles the carrier-insoluble polymer and is on the borderline of solubility in the carrier. The gelatex component is present in the carrier as a stable dispersion and is substantially uniformly depleted as multiple copies are produced, resulting in a significantly reduced rate of image density deterioration as multiple copies are produced.
Inventors
- 👤 Norman T. Veillette
- 👤 Charles H. C. Pian
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-25 17:33
CPC Classifications
G; G03; G03G; G03G9/00; G03G9/08; G03G9/12; G03G9/13; G03G9/131; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S430/00; Y10S430/001; Y10S430/105
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 21
Claim 1
Independent Claim
161 words
A liquid developer composition for developing an electrostatic latent image on the surface of an image bearing member, said composition comprising: an organic liquid carrier having a resistivity greater than 10 9 ohm-cm and a dielectric constant less than 3; a charge control agent; a pigment; and a gelatex consisting essentially of a covalently cross-linked, vinyl polymeric gel on the borderline of solubility in said carrier and comprising a three-dimensional, multiply-branched molecular framework comprising a major amount of monomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR3## where X is H or CH 3 and Y is C n H 2n+1 , where 8≦n≦20 and a trace amount of monomer units having 2-5 vinyl moieties attached by covalent bonds; and a carrier-insoluble vinyl polymeric latex physically held within said framework comprising a major amount of monomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR4## where X is H or CH 3 and Z is C n H 2n+1 , where 1≦n≦6.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
161 words
A liquid developer composition for developing an electrostatic latent image on the surface of an image bearing member, said composition comprising: an organic liquid carrier having a resistivity greater than 10 9 ohm-cm and a dielectric constant less than 3; a charge control agent; a pigment; and a gelatex consisting essentially of a covalently cross-linked, vinyl polymeric gel on the borderline of solubility in said carrier and comprising a three-dimensional, multiply-branched molecular framework comprising a major amount of monomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR3## where X is H or CH 3 and Y is C n H 2n+1 , where 8≦n≦20 and a trace amount of monomer units having 2-5 vinyl moieties attached by covalent bonds; and a carrier-insoluble vinyl polymeric latex physically held within said framework comprising a major amount of monomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR4## where X is H or CH 3 and Z is C n H 2n+1 , where 1≦n≦6.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
34 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein said charge control agent comprises a copolymer of 10-50 parts of a lower alkyl (C 2 -C 6 ) vinyl ether and 50-90 parts of a vinyl chloride.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
31 words
The composition of claim 2 wherein said charge control agent comprises a copolymer of about 25 parts by weight lower alkyl vinyl ether and about 75 parts by weight vinyl chloride.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
30 words
The composition of claim 2 wherein said charge control agent contains covalently bonded anionic surfactant comprising an alkali metal sulfonate substituted aliphatic surfactant containing betwen 10 and 40 carbon atoms.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
12 words
The composition of claim 1 further comprising wax and a wood rosin.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
173 words
In a method of creating an image, the improvement comprising applying under electrostatic control to an electrostatic image bearing member so as to selectively deposit a coating thereon, a liquid electrostatic developer comprising: an organic liquid carrier having a resistivity greater than 10 9 ohm-cm and a dielectric constant less than 3; a charge control agent; a pigment; and a gelatex consisting essentially of a covalently cross-linked, vinyl polymeric gel on the borderline of solubility in said carrier and comprising a three-dimensional, multiply-branched molecular framework comprising a major amount of monomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR5## where X is H or CH 3 and Y is C n H 2n+1 , where 8≦n≦20 and a trace amount of monomer units having 2-5 vinyl moieties attached by covalent bonds; and a carrier-insoluble vinyl polymeric latex physically held within said framework comprising a major amount of monomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR6## where X is H or CH 3 and Z is C n H 2n+1 , where 1≦n≦6.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
173 words
In a method of creating an image, the improvement comprising applying under electrostatic control to an electrostatic image bearing member so as to selectively deposit a coating thereon, a liquid electrostatic developer comprising: an organic liquid carrier having a resistivity greater than 10 9 ohm-cm and a dielectric constant less than 3; a charge control agent; a pigment; and a gelatex consisting essentially of a covalently cross-linked, vinyl polymeric gel on the borderline of solubility in said carrier and comprising a three-dimensional, multiply-branched molecular framework comprising a major amount of monomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR5## where X is H or CH 3 and Y is C n H 2n+1 , where 8≦n≦20 and a trace amount of monomer units having 2-5 vinyl moieties attached by covalent bonds; and a carrier-insoluble vinyl polymeric latex physically held within said framework comprising a major amount of monomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR6## where X is H or CH 3 and Z is C n H 2n+1 , where 1≦n≦6.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
34 words
The method of claim 6 wherein said charge control agent comprises a copolymer of 10-50 parts of a lower alkyl (C 2 -C 6 ) vinyl ether and 50-90 parts of a vinyl chloride.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
31 words
The method of claim 7 wherein said charge control agent comprises a copolymer of about 25 parts by weight lower alkyl vinyl ether and about 75 parts by weight vinyl chloride.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 7 wherein said charge control agent contains covalently bonded anionic surfactant comprising an alkali metal sulfonate substituted aliphatic surfactant containing between 10 and 40 carbon atoms.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 6 further comprising wax and a wood rosin.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
172 words
A liquid negative developer composition for developing an electrostatic latent image on the surface of an image bearing member, said composition comprising: an organic liquid carrier having a resistivity greater than 10 9 ohm-cm and a dielectric constant less than 3; a charge control agent comprising a copolymer of 10-50 parts of a lower alkyl (C 2 -C 6 ) vinyl ether and 50-90 parts of a vinyl chloride; a pigment; and a gelatex consisting essentially of a covalently cross-linked, vinyl polymeric gel on the borderline of solubility in said carrier and comprising a three-dimensional, multiply-branched molecular framework having a major amount of monomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR7## where X is H or CH 3 and Y is C n H 2n+1 , where 8≦n≦20 and a carrier-insoluble vinyl polymeric latex physically held within said framework and having a major amount of monomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR8## where X is H or CH 3 and Y is C n H 2n+1 , where 1≦n≦6.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
172 words
A liquid negative developer composition for developing an electrostatic latent image on the surface of an image bearing member, said composition comprising: an organic liquid carrier having a resistivity greater than 10 9 ohm-cm and a dielectric constant less than 3; a charge control agent comprising a copolymer of 10-50 parts of a lower alkyl (C 2 -C 6 ) vinyl ether and 50-90 parts of a vinyl chloride; a pigment; and a gelatex consisting essentially of a covalently cross-linked, vinyl polymeric gel on the borderline of solubility in said carrier and comprising a three-dimensional, multiply-branched molecular framework having a major amount of monomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR7## where X is H or CH 3 and Y is C n H 2n+1 , where 8≦n≦20 and a carrier-insoluble vinyl polymeric latex physically held within said framework and having a major amount of monomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR8## where X is H or CH 3 and Y is C n H 2n+1 , where 1≦n≦6.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
11 words
The composition of claim 11 comprising wax and a wood rosin.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
39 words
The composition of claim 12 comprising the following ingredients in the following parts by weight, dispersed in said carrier: ______________________________________
Ingredient Parts by Weight
______________________________________
gelatex 30-60
pigment 20-30
charge control agent
0.1-10
wood rosin 5-15
wax 5-15
______________________________________
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
43 words
The composition of claim 12 comprising the following ingredients in the following parts by weight, dispersed in said carrier: ______________________________________
Ingredient Parts by Weight
______________________________________
gelatex 35-60
pigment 25
isobutyl vinyl ether-
vinyl chloride polymer
4-6
parrafin wax 10
wood rosin 10
______________________________________
Claim 18
Independent Claim
161 words
A method of manufacturing a liquid developer composition comprising the steps of: A. reacting in a reaction medium at least one monovinyl monomer with a trace amount of monomer units having 2-5 covalently attached vinyl moieties to produce a gel-like three-dimensional, multiply-branched vinyl polymeric molecule on the borderline of solubility in organic liquid carriers having a resistivity greater than 10 9 ohm-cm and a dielectric constant less than 3; B. reacting in the presence of the product of step A at least one monovinyl monomer to produce a polymeric latex, insoluble in said carriers, and physically held within the framework of the multiply-branched product of step A; C. adding a charge control agent and a pigment to said reaction medium; D. milling the product of step C to produce a substantially homogeneous dispersion; and E. diluting the product of step D with an organic liquid carrier having a resistivity greater than 10 9 ohm-cm and a dielectric constant less than 3.
Claim 19
Independent Claim
161 words
A method of manufacturing a liquid developer composition comprising the steps of: A. reacting in a reaction medium at least one monovinyl monomer with a trace amount of monomer units having 2-5 covalently attached vinyl moieties to produce a gel-like three-dimensional, multiply-branched vinyl polymeric molecule on the borderline of solubility in organic liquid carriers having a resistivity greater than 10 9 ohm-cm and a dielectric constant less than 3; B. reacting in the presence of the product of step A at least one monovinyl monomer to produce a polymeric latex, insoluble in said carriers, and physically held within the framework of the multiply-branched product of step A; C. adding a charge control agent and a pigment to said reaction medium; D. milling the product of step C to produce a substantially homogeneous dispersion; and E. diluting the product of step D with an organic liquid carrier having a resistivity greater than 10 9 ohm-cm and a dielectric constant less than 3.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
38 words
The method of claim 15 wherein the charge control agent added in step C comprises a copolymer of 10-50 parts of a lower alkyl (C 2 -C 6 ) vinyl ether and 50-90 parts of a vinyl chloride.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 15 wherein a wood rosin and a wax are included in said reaction medium.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1984-12-14 | 1985-06-15 | 1985-12-15 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1988-12-14 | 1989-06-15 | 1989-12-15 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1992-12-14 | 1993-06-15 | 1993-12-15 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |