Liquid electrostatic development using an amphipathic molecule

Claim 2

A method as set forth in claim 2 wherein the color agent is a moiety of the amphipathic molecule.

Claim 3

A method as set forth in claim 2 wherein the color agent is a compound other than the amphipathic molecule.

Claim 4

A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the charge director imparts a resistivity to the toner of from 1014 to no less than 2 X 109 ohm cms.

Claim 5

A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the charge director imparts a resistivity to the toner of from 1013 to 1010.

Claim 6

A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the charge director imparts a resistivity to the toner of from 2 X 1012 to 1011.

Claim 7

A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the amphipathic molecule includes a solvated moiety selected from the class consisting of crepe rubber; refined linseed oil; degraded rubber; alkyd resins, polyisobutylene; polybutadiene; polyisoprene; polyisobornyl methacrylate; homopolymeric vinyl esters of long chain fatty acids; homopolymerIc vinyl alkyl ethers; homopolymers of the C4-C22 alkyl esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid in a molecular weight range of from 103 to about 106; copolymers of the aforesaid C4-C22 alkyl esters with one another; copolymers of the aforesaid C4-Chd 22 alkyl esters with one another and with methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and propyl esters of acrylic and methacrylic acids; copolymers of the C4-C22 alkyl esters of acrylic and methacrylic acids with monomers containing acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, atropic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, acrylic anhydride, methacrylic anhydride, maleic anhydride, acryloyl chloride, methacryloyl chloride, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, acrylamide and derivatives thereof, methacrylamide and derivatives thereof, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, dimethylaminomethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminomethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, diethylaminomethyl methacrylate, diethylaminomethyl acrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, diethylaminomethyl methacrylate, diethylaminomethyl acrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl acrylate, t-butylaminoethyl methacrylate, t-butylaminoethyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, allyl alchohol and derivatives thereof, butadiene, methallyl alcohol and derivatives thereof, propargyl alcohol and derivatives thereof, indene and derivatives thereof, norbornene and derivatives thereof, vinyl ethers, vinyl esters, vinyl derivatives other than vinyl ethers and vinyl esters, glycidyl methacrylate, glycidyl acrylate, mono- and dimethyl maleate, mono- and dimethyl fumarate, mono- and diethyl maleate and mono- and diethyl fumarate; condensation polymers; copolymers of butadiene, isoprene and isobutylene with C1-C22 alkyl esters of acrylic and methacrylic acids; polycarbonates; polyamides; polyurethanes and epoxies, and the non-solvated moiety comprises homopolymers and copolymers formed from monomers selected from the class consisting of vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl acrylate, propyl methacrylate, isopropyl acrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, hydroxy ethyl acrylate, hydroxy ethyl methacrylate, hydroxy propyl acrylate, hydroxy propyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, acrylamide, methacrylamide, acrylic acid, acrylic anhydride, methacrylic acid, methacrylic anhydride, mono methyl maleate, mono methyl fumarate, mono ethyl maleate, mono ethyl fumarate, styrene, vinyl toluene, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, crotonic acid, crotonic anhydride, fumaric acid, atropic acid, allylamine, vinyl amine, allyl alcohol, vinyl pyridines and derivatives thereof, glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylate, dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate, methacrylyl acetone, N-hydroxymethyl methacrylamides, alkoxymethyl methacrylamides, acryloyl chloride, methacryloyl chloride, vinyl isocyanate, cyanomethylacrylate, vinyl Beta -chloro-ethylsulphone, vinyl sulphonic acid and vinyl phosphoric acid.

Claim 8

A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the charge director is selected from the class consisting of di-2-ethylhexyl sodium sulfosuccinate; di-tridecyl sodium sulfosuccinate; aluminum, chromium, zinc and calcium salts of 3,5-dialkylsalicylic acid, wherein the alkyl group is propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tertiary butyl, amyl, isoamyl and other alkyl groups up to C-18; aluminum, chromium, zinc and calcium salts of dialkyl gamma-resorcylic acid, wherein the alkyl is as above; isopropylamine salt of dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid; aluminum, vanadium and tin dresinates; aluminum stearate; cobalt, iron and manganese octoates; a partially imidized polyamine with lubricating-oil-soluble poly-isobutylene chains and free secondary Amines, gravity at 60* F API 22.9, specific 0.92, flash point by the Cleveland open cup method, 425* F, viscosity at 210* F, 400 SSU, color (ASTM D-1500) L55D, nitrogen, percentage by weight 2.0, and alkalinity value, (SM-205-15) 43; and soya bean lecithin.

Claim 9

A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the amphipathic molecule includes a backbone chain of comonomers and attached chains having attached sites of a precursor monomer derived from monomers selected from the affiliated monomer groups set forth below. Comonomer of backbone chain Attached site precursor monomer (one or more non-mutually react- ive radicals to be selected from each group) Glycidyl methacrylate or Acrylic acid acrylate Methacrylic acid Maleic acid Fumaric acid Atropic acid Allylamine Vinyl amine Hydroxylethyl methacrylate and acrylate Hydroxypropyl methacrylate and acrylate Accryloyl or methacryloyl Acrylamide chloride Methacrylamide Allyl alcohol Allylamine Vinyl amine Acrylic acid Vinyl pyridines Methacrylic acidGlycidyl methacrylate Maleic acid Vinylamine Crotonic acid Allylamine Alkyl hydrogen maleates Dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylates and acrylates Alkyl hydrogen fumarates Allylamine Vinyl isocyanate Vinylamine Methacrylyl acetone Cyanomethylacrylate Vinylamine Allylamine Allylamine Vinyl Beta -chloroethylsulphoneVinylamine Allyl alcohol Hydroxyalkyl methacrylates Glycidyl methacrylate Methacrylic anhydride Vinylamine Acrylic anhydride Allylamine Maleic anhydride Hydroxyalkyl methacrylates Allyl alcohol Vinyl sulphonic acid N-hydroxymethyl methacrylamides Vinyl phosphoric acid Alkoxymethyl methacrylamides

Claim 10

A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the solvent system is a liquid petroleum fraction.

Claim 11

A method as set forth in claim 8 wherein the solvent system is a liquid petroleum fraction.

Claim 12

A method as set forth in claim 4, wherein the color agent is selected from the class consisting of powdered metals, powdered metal oxides, powdered metal salts, acetamine black CBS, nigrosine base No. 424, Hansa Yellow G, spirit nigrosine SSB, Rubanox Red CP-1495 and carbon black.

Claim 13

A method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the solvated moiety is poly (lauryl methacrylate - glycidyl) methacrylate-methacrylic acid).

Claim 14

A method as set forth in claim 14, wherein the non-solvated moiety is poly(vinyl acetate).

Claim 15

A method as set forth in claim 14 wherein the non-solvated moiety is poly (vinyl acetate/N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone).

Claim 16

A method as set forth in claim 14 wherein the non-solvated moiety is poly (vinyl acetate/crotonic acid).

Claim 17

A method as set forth in claim 14 wherein the non-solvated moiety is poly (vinyl acetate/methyl hydrogen maleate).

Claim 18

A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the solvated moiety is poly (isodecyl methacrylate-glycidyl methacrylate -methacrylic acid).

Claim 19

A method as set forth in claim 19 wherein the non-solvated moiety is poly (vinyl acetate).

Claim 20

A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the solvated moiety is poly (stearyl methacrylate - glycidyl methacrylate -methacrylic acid).

Claim 21

A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the solvated moiety is poly (lauryl methacrylate - glycidyl methacrylate -methacrylic acid - chromophore).

Claim 22

A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the solvated moiety is poly (lauryl methacrylate - N-1,1,3,3,-tetra-methyl butyl methacrylamide - glycidyl methacrylate - methacrylic acid).

Claim 23

A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the noN-solvated moiety includes a polymer having recurring units of methyl hydrogen maleate.

Claim 24

A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the non-solvated moiety is poly (vinyl acetate/methyl hydrogen maleate).

Claim 25

A method as set forth in claim 2 wherein the non-solvated moiety contains reactive groups and the color agent is a dye selected from the class consisting of Pontacyl Brilliant Blue A (Dupont) (C.I. Acid Blue 7); Calcocid Brillian Blue FFR (American Cyanamid) (C.I. Acid Blue 104); Femazo Brown N (General Aniline) (C.I. Acid Brown 14); Crocein Scarlet N (Dupont) (C.I. Red 73); Oxanal Yellow I (Ciba) (C.I. Acid Yellow 63); Benzyl Black 4BN (Ciba) (C.I. Black 26A); Magenta (C.I. Solvent Red 41, C.I. No. 42510B); Crystal Violet (C.I. Solvent Violet 9, C.I. No. 42555B); Bismarck Brown (C.I. Solvent Brown 12, C.I. No. 21010B); Victoria Blue BA (C.I. Solvent Blue 4, C.I. No. 44045B); Victoria Blue R (C.I. Solvent Blue 6, C.I. No. 44040R); Victoria 4R (C.I. Solvent Blue 2, C.I. No. 42563B); Copying Black SK (C.I. No. 11975); Janus Green B (C.I. No. 11050); Auramine O (C.I. Solvent Yellow 34, C.I. No. 41000B); Victoria Green (C.I. Solvent Green 1, C.I. No. 42000B); and Rhodamine (C.I. Solvent Red 49, C.I. No. 45170B).