US4306009A — Liquid developer compositions with a vinyl polyme…

Claim 1

Independent Claim 161 words

A liquid developer composition for developing an electrostatic latent image on the surface of an image bearing member, said composition comprising: an organic liquid carrier having a resistivity greater than 10 9 ohm-cm and a dielectric constant less than 3; a charge control agent; a pigment; and a gelatex consisting essentially of a covalently cross-linked, vinyl polymeric gel on the borderline of solubility in said carrier and comprising a three-dimensional, multiply-branched molecular framework comprising a major amount of monomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR3## where X is H or CH 3 and Y is C n H 2n+1 , where 8≦n≦20 and a trace amount of monomer units having 2-5 vinyl moieties attached by covalent bonds; and a carrier-insoluble vinyl polymeric latex physically held within said framework comprising a major amount of monomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR4## where X is H or CH 3 and Z is C n H 2n+1 , where 1≦n≦6.

Claim 2

Dependent Claim 161 words

A liquid developer composition for developing an electrostatic latent image on the surface of an image bearing member, said composition comprising: an organic liquid carrier having a resistivity greater than 10 9 ohm-cm and a dielectric constant less than 3; a charge control agent; a pigment; and a gelatex consisting essentially of a covalently cross-linked, vinyl polymeric gel on the borderline of solubility in said carrier and comprising a three-dimensional, multiply-branched molecular framework comprising a major amount of monomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR3## where X is H or CH 3 and Y is C n H 2n+1 , where 8≦n≦20 and a trace amount of monomer units having 2-5 vinyl moieties attached by covalent bonds; and a carrier-insoluble vinyl polymeric latex physically held within said framework comprising a major amount of monomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR4## where X is H or CH 3 and Z is C n H 2n+1 , where 1≦n≦6.

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 34 words

The composition of claim 1 wherein said charge control agent comprises a copolymer of 10-50 parts of a lower alkyl (C 2 -C 6 ) vinyl ether and 50-90 parts of a vinyl chloride.

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 31 words

The composition of claim 2 wherein said charge control agent comprises a copolymer of about 25 parts by weight lower alkyl vinyl ether and about 75 parts by weight vinyl chloride.

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 30 words

The composition of claim 2 wherein said charge control agent contains covalently bonded anionic surfactant comprising an alkali metal sulfonate substituted aliphatic surfactant containing betwen 10 and 40 carbon atoms.

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 12 words

The composition of claim 1 further comprising wax and a wood rosin.

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 173 words

In a method of creating an image, the improvement comprising applying under electrostatic control to an electrostatic image bearing member so as to selectively deposit a coating thereon, a liquid electrostatic developer comprising: an organic liquid carrier having a resistivity greater than 10 9 ohm-cm and a dielectric constant less than 3; a charge control agent; a pigment; and a gelatex consisting essentially of a covalently cross-linked, vinyl polymeric gel on the borderline of solubility in said carrier and comprising a three-dimensional, multiply-branched molecular framework comprising a major amount of monomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR5## where X is H or CH 3 and Y is C n H 2n+1 , where 8≦n≦20 and a trace amount of monomer units having 2-5 vinyl moieties attached by covalent bonds; and a carrier-insoluble vinyl polymeric latex physically held within said framework comprising a major amount of monomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR6## where X is H or CH 3 and Z is C n H 2n+1 , where 1≦n≦6.

Claim 8

Dependent Claim 173 words

In a method of creating an image, the improvement comprising applying under electrostatic control to an electrostatic image bearing member so as to selectively deposit a coating thereon, a liquid electrostatic developer comprising: an organic liquid carrier having a resistivity greater than 10 9 ohm-cm and a dielectric constant less than 3; a charge control agent; a pigment; and a gelatex consisting essentially of a covalently cross-linked, vinyl polymeric gel on the borderline of solubility in said carrier and comprising a three-dimensional, multiply-branched molecular framework comprising a major amount of monomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR5## where X is H or CH 3 and Y is C n H 2n+1 , where 8≦n≦20 and a trace amount of monomer units having 2-5 vinyl moieties attached by covalent bonds; and a carrier-insoluble vinyl polymeric latex physically held within said framework comprising a major amount of monomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR6## where X is H or CH 3 and Z is C n H 2n+1 , where 1≦n≦6.

Claim 9

Dependent Claim 34 words

The method of claim 6 wherein said charge control agent comprises a copolymer of 10-50 parts of a lower alkyl (C 2 -C 6 ) vinyl ether and 50-90 parts of a vinyl chloride.

Claim 10

Dependent Claim 31 words

The method of claim 7 wherein said charge control agent comprises a copolymer of about 25 parts by weight lower alkyl vinyl ether and about 75 parts by weight vinyl chloride.

Claim 11

Dependent Claim 30 words

The method of claim 7 wherein said charge control agent contains covalently bonded anionic surfactant comprising an alkali metal sulfonate substituted aliphatic surfactant containing between 10 and 40 carbon atoms.

Claim 12

Dependent Claim 12 words

The method of claim 6 further comprising wax and a wood rosin.

Claim 13

Dependent Claim 172 words

A liquid negative developer composition for developing an electrostatic latent image on the surface of an image bearing member, said composition comprising: an organic liquid carrier having a resistivity greater than 10 9 ohm-cm and a dielectric constant less than 3; a charge control agent comprising a copolymer of 10-50 parts of a lower alkyl (C 2 -C 6 ) vinyl ether and 50-90 parts of a vinyl chloride; a pigment; and a gelatex consisting essentially of a covalently cross-linked, vinyl polymeric gel on the borderline of solubility in said carrier and comprising a three-dimensional, multiply-branched molecular framework having a major amount of monomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR7## where X is H or CH 3 and Y is C n H 2n+1 , where 8≦n≦20 and a carrier-insoluble vinyl polymeric latex physically held within said framework and having a major amount of monomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR8## where X is H or CH 3 and Y is C n H 2n+1 , where 1≦n≦6.

Claim 14

Dependent Claim 172 words

A liquid negative developer composition for developing an electrostatic latent image on the surface of an image bearing member, said composition comprising: an organic liquid carrier having a resistivity greater than 10 9 ohm-cm and a dielectric constant less than 3; a charge control agent comprising a copolymer of 10-50 parts of a lower alkyl (C 2 -C 6 ) vinyl ether and 50-90 parts of a vinyl chloride; a pigment; and a gelatex consisting essentially of a covalently cross-linked, vinyl polymeric gel on the borderline of solubility in said carrier and comprising a three-dimensional, multiply-branched molecular framework having a major amount of monomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR7## where X is H or CH 3 and Y is C n H 2n+1 , where 8≦n≦20 and a carrier-insoluble vinyl polymeric latex physically held within said framework and having a major amount of monomer units selected from the group consisting of: ##STR8## where X is H or CH 3 and Y is C n H 2n+1 , where 1≦n≦6.

Claim 15

Dependent Claim 11 words

The composition of claim 11 comprising wax and a wood rosin.

Claim 16

Dependent Claim 39 words

The composition of claim 12 comprising the following ingredients in the following parts by weight, dispersed in said carrier: ______________________________________ Ingredient Parts by Weight ______________________________________ gelatex 30-60 pigment 20-30 charge control agent 0.1-10 wood rosin 5-15 wax 5-15 ______________________________________

Claim 17

Dependent Claim 43 words

The composition of claim 12 comprising the following ingredients in the following parts by weight, dispersed in said carrier: ______________________________________ Ingredient Parts by Weight ______________________________________ gelatex 35-60 pigment 25 isobutyl vinyl ether- vinyl chloride polymer 4-6 parrafin wax 10 wood rosin 10 ______________________________________

Claim 18

Independent Claim 161 words

A method of manufacturing a liquid developer composition comprising the steps of: A. reacting in a reaction medium at least one monovinyl monomer with a trace amount of monomer units having 2-5 covalently attached vinyl moieties to produce a gel-like three-dimensional, multiply-branched vinyl polymeric molecule on the borderline of solubility in organic liquid carriers having a resistivity greater than 10 9 ohm-cm and a dielectric constant less than 3; B. reacting in the presence of the product of step A at least one monovinyl monomer to produce a polymeric latex, insoluble in said carriers, and physically held within the framework of the multiply-branched product of step A; C. adding a charge control agent and a pigment to said reaction medium; D. milling the product of step C to produce a substantially homogeneous dispersion; and E. diluting the product of step D with an organic liquid carrier having a resistivity greater than 10 9 ohm-cm and a dielectric constant less than 3.

Claim 19

Independent Claim 161 words

A method of manufacturing a liquid developer composition comprising the steps of: A. reacting in a reaction medium at least one monovinyl monomer with a trace amount of monomer units having 2-5 covalently attached vinyl moieties to produce a gel-like three-dimensional, multiply-branched vinyl polymeric molecule on the borderline of solubility in organic liquid carriers having a resistivity greater than 10 9 ohm-cm and a dielectric constant less than 3; B. reacting in the presence of the product of step A at least one monovinyl monomer to produce a polymeric latex, insoluble in said carriers, and physically held within the framework of the multiply-branched product of step A; C. adding a charge control agent and a pigment to said reaction medium; D. milling the product of step C to produce a substantially homogeneous dispersion; and E. diluting the product of step D with an organic liquid carrier having a resistivity greater than 10 9 ohm-cm and a dielectric constant less than 3.

Claim 20

Dependent Claim 38 words

The method of claim 15 wherein the charge control agent added in step C comprises a copolymer of 10-50 parts of a lower alkyl (C 2 -C 6 ) vinyl ether and 50-90 parts of a vinyl chloride.

Claim 21

Dependent Claim 18 words

The method of claim 15 wherein a wood rosin and a wax are included in said reaction medium.

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	1984-12-14	1985-06-15	1985-12-15	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	1988-12-14	1989-06-15	1989-12-15	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	1992-12-14	1993-06-15	1993-12-15	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Liquid developer compositions with a vinyl polymeric gel

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