Patent US4451351A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4451351A
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Method of liquefaction of carbonaceous materials
Assignee: Pentanyl Technologies Inc
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Filing: 1982-04-19
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Granted: 1984-05-29
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Expires: 2002-04-19
Abstract
Abstract Hydrocarbon liquids are obtained from carbonaceous materials, such as coal, by contacting the carbonaceous materials with a metal carbonyl or a low valent complex of the transition metals and water gas under alkaline conditions to form a reaction mixture, and then heating the reaction mixture to a sufficient temperature and pressure to obtain the hydrocarbon liquids. In a second embodiment, the carbonaceous materials are solubilized to an unexpectedly high degree by contacting them with solvent/solute systems, such as phenolic recycle solvents containing alkali or alkaline-earth metal constituents.
Inventors
- 👤 Clifford R. Porter
- 👤 Herbert D. Kaesz
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-08 20:45
CPC Classifications
C; C10; C10G; C10G1/00; C10G1/08; C10G1/086
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 21
Claim 1
Independent Claim
111 words
A method of converting carbonaceous materials to liquid products under conditions of temperature and pressure which do not produce significant thermal bond rupture in the carbonaceous materials consisting essentially of: contacting the carbonaceous material with a solvent/solute system consisting of: (a) an organic phase solubilizing agent containing more than 50% by weight of a member selected from the group consisting of aromatic phenols, polycyclic phenols, substituted phenols and mixtures thereof; and (b) an inorganic phase comprising an aqueous solution of a compound having a cation selected from the group consisting of alkali and alkaline-earth metals at a temperature less than about 350° C. and a pressure of at least 400 psig.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
111 words
A method of converting carbonaceous materials to liquid products under conditions of temperature and pressure which do not produce significant thermal bond rupture in the carbonaceous materials consisting essentially of: contacting the carbonaceous material with a solvent/solute system consisting of: (a) an organic phase solubilizing agent containing more than 50% by weight of a member selected from the group consisting of aromatic phenols, polycyclic phenols, substituted phenols and mixtures thereof; and (b) an inorganic phase comprising an aqueous solution of a compound having a cation selected from the group consisting of alkali and alkaline-earth metals at a temperature less than about 350° C. and a pressure of at least 400 psig.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
30 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein said organic phase solubilizing agent is selected from the group consisting of, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, catechol, resorcinol, naphthol and mixtures and derivatives thereof.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
43 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein said organic phase further comprises one or more organic constituents selected from the group consisting of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, partially-hydrogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and fully hydrogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons having from 1 to 4 carbon rings.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
35 words
A method according to claim 3 wherein said organic constituent is selected from the group consisting of naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, acenaphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, tetralin, gamma-picoline, isoquinoline, dihydronaphthalene, decalin, 9,10-dihydroanthracene, 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene and mixtures and derivatives thereof.
Claim 6
Independent Claim
25 words
A method according to claims 1, 2, 3 or 4 wherein said organic fraction is in whole or in part derived from liquefied carbonaceous material.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
63 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein said compound in the inorganic phase is selected from the group consisting of alkali hydroxides, alkali carbonates, alkali bicarbonates, alkali nitrates, alkali sulfates, alkali sulfites, alkali sulfides, alkali formates and other alkali salts, alkaline-earth hydroxides, alkaline-earth carbonates, alkaline-earth bicarbonates, alkaline-earth nitrates, alkaline-earth sulfates, alkaline-earth sulfites alkaline-earth sulfides, alkaline-earth formates and other alkaline-earth salts, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
43 words
A method acording to claim 6 wherein said inorganic fraction compound is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium sulfide, sodium nitrate, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium formate, calcium carbonate and mixtures thereof.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
33 words
A method according to claim 6 wherein said inorganic fraction compound is present in an amount from about 1 part to about 25 parts per 400 parts by weight of the solvent/solute system.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
33 words
A method according to claim 8 wherein said inorganic fraction compound is present in an amount from about 10 parts to about 15 parts per 400 parts by weight of the solvent/solute system.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
31 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein said water is present in an amount from about 5 parts to about 60 parts per 400 parts by weight of the solvent/solute system.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
34 words
A method according to claim 10 wherein the aqueous phase includes water present in an amount of from about 15 parts to about 40 parts per 400 parts by weight of the solvent/solute system.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
44 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein said solubilizing agent has a boiling point from about 50° C. to about 400° C. and is present in an amount from about 10 to about 100 wt % of the organic fraction of the solvent/solute system.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
31 words
A method according to claim 12 wherein said solubilizing agent is present in an amount from about 15 to about 75% by weight of the organic fraction of the solvent/solute system.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
60 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein said contacting takes place at a temperature of from about 100° C. to a temperature below the decomposition temperature of the solvent/solute system and at a pressure of from at least about 400 p.s.i.g. to about 2500 p.s.i.g. and for a time period sufficient to result in hydrocarbon liquids from said carbonaceous material.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
27 words
A method according to claim 14 wherein said temperature is from about 140° C. to about 450° C. and said pressure is at least about 400 p.s.i.g.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
18 words
A method according to claim 15 wherein said temperature is from about 260° C. to about 350° C.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
18 words
A method according to claim 16 wherein said pressure is from about 750 p.s.i.g. to about 2000 p.s.i.g.
Claim 19
Independent Claim
136 words
A method of converting carbonaceous materials to liquid products under conditions of temperature and pressure which do not produce significant thermal bond rupture in the carbonaceous materials, the method consisting essentially of: contacting the carbonaceous material with an excess of a solvent/solute system in the range of from about 2.5 to 1 to 5 to 1 solvent/solute to carbonaceous material, such solvent/solute system consisting of: (a) an organic phase solubilizing agent containing more than 50% by weight of a member selected from the group consisting of aromatic phenols, polycyclic phenols, substituted phenols and mixtures thereof; and (b) an inorganic phase comprising an aqueous solution of a compound having a cation selected from the group consisting of alkali and alkaline-earth metals at a temperature less than about 350° C. and a pressure of at least 400 psig.
Claim 20
Independent Claim
136 words
A method of converting carbonaceous materials to liquid products under conditions of temperature and pressure which do not produce significant thermal bond rupture in the carbonaceous materials, the method consisting essentially of: contacting the carbonaceous material with an excess of a solvent/solute system in the range of from about 2.5 to 1 to 5 to 1 solvent/solute to carbonaceous material, such solvent/solute system consisting of: (a) an organic phase solubilizing agent containing more than 50% by weight of a member selected from the group consisting of aromatic phenols, polycyclic phenols, substituted phenols and mixtures thereof; and (b) an inorganic phase comprising an aqueous solution of a compound having a cation selected from the group consisting of alkali and alkaline-earth metals at a temperature less than about 350° C. and a pressure of at least 400 psig.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 18 wherein the step of contacting the carbonaceous material with a solvent/solute system is in the presence of carbon monoxide.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1987-05-29 | 1987-11-28 | 1988-05-29 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1991-05-29 | 1991-11-28 | 1992-05-29 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1995-05-29 | 1995-11-28 | 1996-05-29 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |