US6087030A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Electrochemical cell anode and high discharge rate electrochemical cell employing same
Assignee: Spectrum Brands Inc
•
Filing: 1998-02-24
•
Granted: 2000-07-11
•
Expires: 2018-02-24
Abstract
Abstract This invention pertains to novel alkaline electrochemical cells having high drain capacities, especially cells having high drain rate capabilities at voltages of at least 1.1 volts for use in small appliances such as hearing aids. The anode includes anode material in the cells including potassium hydroxide, zinc powder, 0.02% to 0.5% of a reaction rate enabling compound selected from a compound of indium, cadmium, gallium, thallium, germanium, tin, or lead, with indium compounds being preferred. The anode material optionally further includes a low level of mercury, and preferably a surfactant comprising hydroxyethylcellulose. The cathode provides sufficient oxidative capability to oxidize the zinc at a sufficient rate to support the electrical drain demands on the cell. A cathode, in a preferred zinc air cell for a hearing aid, includes at least 5 air ports, evenly distributed over the surface of the bottom of the cathode can. Cells of the invention exhibit prolonged operation at relatively constant voltage over 1.1 volts, and relatively constant power output at a power density of at least about 210 milliwatts per square inch of the reaction surface area of the cathode assembly, for periods significantly longer than conventional cells of the same type.
Inventors
- 👤 Randall L. Collien
- 👤 Patrick J. Spellman
- 👤 Robert B. Dopp
- 👤 John Edward Oltman
- 👤 John David Burns
- 👤 Joseph Lynn Passaniti
- 👤 Michael Joseph Root
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-30 20:35
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01M; H01M4/00; H01M4/02; H01M4/24; H01M4/244; H01M12/00; H01M12/04; H01M12/06; H01M4/36; H01M4/38; H01M4/42; H01M4/62; H01M50/00; H01M50/10; H01M50/102; H01M50/109; H01M50/116; H01M50/117; H01M50/119; H01M50/124; H01M50/1243; H01M50/126; H01M50/128; H01M50/131; H01M50/133; H01M50/134; H01M50/50; H01M50/543; H01M50/545; H01M2300/00; H01M2300/0085; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E60/00; Y02E60/10
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 75
Claim 1
Independent Claim
52 words
An anode for use in a metal air electrochemical cell, said anode comprising: zinc powder comprised of zinc powder particles; and a reaction rate enabling metal compound comprising a functionally effective amount of a compound of a metal selected from a group consisting of indium, gallium, germanium, tin, and aqueous potassium hydroxide.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
52 words
An anode for use in a metal air electrochemical cell, said anode comprising: zinc powder comprised of zinc powder particles; and a reaction rate enabling metal compound comprising a functionally effective amount of a compound of a metal selected from a group consisting of indium, gallium, germanium, tin, and aqueous potassium hydroxide.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
53 words
The anode according to claim 1, further comprising: from about 55% to about 73% by weight of said zinc powder particles of said zinc powder; from about 27% to about 45% by weight of aqueous potassium hydroxide; and from about 0.02% to about 0.5% by weight of said reaction rate enabling metal compound.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
19 words
The anode according to claim 2, wherein salid aqueous potassium hydroxide comprises about 33% by weight of said anode.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
31 words
The anode according to claim 1, wherein at least about 90% of said zinc powder particles of said zinc powder have a particle size ranging between about 100μ and about 500μ.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
42 words
The anode according to claim 1, wherein said reaction rate enabling metal compound is selected from a group consisting of indium chloride, indium bromide, indium hydroxide, indium oxide, indium sulfide, indium sulfate, Ga 2 O 3 , GeO 2 , and SnO.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
37 words
The anode according to claim 5, wherein said reaction rate enabling metal compound is a compound of indium selected from a group consisting of indium chloride, indium bromide, indium hydroxide, indium oxide, indium sulfide, and indium sulfate.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
14 words
The anode according to claim 1, wherein said compound of indium is indium hydroxide.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
35 words
The anode according to claim 6, wherein an amount of said compound of indium present in said anode is from about 0.02% to about 0.4% by weight, based upon a weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
35 words
The anode according to claim 6, wherein an amount of said compound of indium present in said anode is from about 0.05% to about 0.15% by weight, based upon a weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
35 words
The anode according to claim 6, wherein an amount of said compound of indium present in said anode is from about 0.05% to about 0.10% by weight, based upon a weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
37 words
The anode according to claim 1, wherein said zinc powder is comprised of a portion of said zinc powder particles coated with a coating comprising surfactant, with a balance of said zinc powder particles being substantially uncoated.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
30 words
The anode according to claim 11, wherein said surfactant is present in an amount of from about 0.1% to 0.4% by weight, based upon a weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
31 words
The anode according to claim 12, wherein said surfactant is present in an amount of from about 0.3% to about 0.35% by weight, based upon said weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
11 words
The anode according to claim 11, wherein said surfactant is hydroxethylcellulose.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
30 words
The anode according to claim 11, wherein said coating further comprises from about 0.1% to about 0.4% by weight of gelling agent, based upon a weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
12 words
The anode according to claim 15, wherein said gelling agent is carboxypolymethylene.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
25 words
The anode according to claim 1, further comprising from about 0.2% to about 12% by weight mercury, based upon a weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
31 words
The anode according to claim 17, wherein said mercury is present in an amount of between about 2% and about 3.5% by weight, based upon said weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
23 words
The anode according to claim 1, further comprising from about 0.1% and about 0.4% MgO, based upon a weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
150 words
An anode for use in a metal air electrochemical cell, said anode comprising: from about 55% to about 73% by weight of zinc powder particles of a zinc powder, at least about 90% of said zinc powder particles having a size between about 100μ and about 500μ, a portion of said zinc powder particles being coated with a coating comprising a surfactant and a gelling agent, and a remainder of said zinc powder particles being substantially uncoated: from about 27% to about 45% by weight of aqueous potassium hydroxide; from about 0.02% to about 0.5% by weight of a reaction rate enabling metal compound selected from a group consisting of indium chloride, indium bromide, indium hydroxide, indium oxide, indium sulfide, indium sulfate, Ga 2 O 3 , GeO 2 , and SnO; and from about 2% to about 12% by weight mercury, based upon a weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
150 words
An anode for use in a metal air electrochemical cell, said anode comprising: from about 55% to about 73% by weight of zinc powder particles of a zinc powder, at least about 90% of said zinc powder particles having a size between about 100μ and about 500μ, a portion of said zinc powder particles being coated with a coating comprising a surfactant and a gelling agent, and a remainder of said zinc powder particles being substantially uncoated: from about 27% to about 45% by weight of aqueous potassium hydroxide; from about 0.02% to about 0.5% by weight of a reaction rate enabling metal compound selected from a group consisting of indium chloride, indium bromide, indium hydroxide, indium oxide, indium sulfide, indium sulfate, Ga 2 O 3 , GeO 2 , and SnO; and from about 2% to about 12% by weight mercury, based upon a weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
45 words
The anode according to claim 20, wherein said surfactant ranges from about 0.1% to about 0.4% by weight of said coating, and said gelling agent ranges from about 0.1% to about 0.4% by weight of said coating, based upon said weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
36 words
The anode according to claim 21, wherein said reaction rate enabling compound is a compound of indium selected from a group consisting of indium chloride, indium bromide, indium hydroxide, indium oxide, indium sulfide, and indium sulfate.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
33 words
The anode according to claim 22, wherein said compound of indium is present in an amount of from about 0.05% to about 0.15% by weight, based upon said weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
33 words
The anode according to claim 22, wherein said compound of indium is present in an amount of from about 0.05% to about 0.15% by weight, based upon said weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
14 words
The anode according to claim 22, wherein said compound of indium is indium hydroxide.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
32 words
The anode according to claim 20, wherein said surfactant is hydroxyethylcellulose present in an amount of between about 0.1% and about 0.4% by weight, based on said weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
33 words
The anode according to claim 20, wherein said surfactant is a hydroxyethylcellulose present in an amount of between about 0.3% and about 0.35% by weight, based on said weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
46 words
An electrochemical cell comprising: an air cathode; and an anode including zinc powder particles of a zinc powder and a reaction rate enabling metal compound comprising a functionally effective amount of a compound of a metal selected from indium, gallium, germanium, tin, and aqueous potassium hydroxide.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
46 words
An electrochemical cell comprising: an air cathode; and an anode including zinc powder particles of a zinc powder and a reaction rate enabling metal compound comprising a functionally effective amount of a compound of a metal selected from indium, gallium, germanium, tin, and aqueous potassium hydroxide.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
55 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 28, wherein said anode includes from about 55% to about 73% by weight of said zinc powder particles of said zinc powder, from about 27% to about 45% by weight of aqueous potassium hydroxide, and from about 0.02% to about 0.5% by weight of said reaction rate enabling metal compound.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
23 words
The electrochemical cell according to claim 29, wherein said aqueous potassium hydroxide of said anode comprises about 33% by weight of said anode.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
31 words
The electrochemical cell according to claim 28, wherein at least about 90% of said zinc powder particles of said anode have a particle size ranging between about 100μ and about 500μ.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
45 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 28, wherein said reaction rate enabling metal compound of said anode is selected from a group consisting of indium chloride, indium bromide, indium hydroxide, indium oxide, indium sulfide, indium sulfate, Ga 2 O 3 , GeO 2 , and SnO.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
40 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 32, wherein said reaction rate enabling metal compound of said anode is a compound of indium selected from a group consisting of indium chloride, indium bromide, indium hydroxide, indium oxide, indium sulfide, and indium sulfate.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
17 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 33, wherein said compound of indium of said anode is indium hydroxide.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
36 words
The electrochemical cell according to claim 33, wherein an amount of said compound of indium present in said anode is from about 0.02% to about 0.4% by weight, based upon a weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
36 words
The electrochemical cell according to claim 33, wherein an amount of said compound of indium present in said anode is from about 0.05% to about 0.15% by weight, based upon a weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
36 words
The electrochemical cell according to claim 33, wherein an amount of said compound of indium present in said anode is from about 0.05% to about 0.10% by weight, based upon a weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
42 words
The electrochemical cell according to claim 28, wherein said zinc powder of said anode is comprised of a portion of said zinc powder particles coated with a coating comprising a surfactant, and a balance of said zinc powder particles are substantially uncoated.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
31 words
The electrochemical cell according to claim 38, wherein said surfactant is present in an amount of from about 0.1% to 0.4% by weight, based upon a weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
32 words
The electrochemical cell according to claim 39, wherein said surfactant is present in an amount of from about 0.3% to about 0.35% by weight, based upon said weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
15 words
The electrochemical cell according to claim 38, wherein said surfactant of said anode is hydroxethylcellulose.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
31 words
The electrochemical cell according to claim 38, wherein said coating further comprises from about 0.1% to about 0.4% by weight of gelling agent, based upon a weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
16 words
The electrochemical cell according to claim 42, wherein said gelling agent of aid anode is carboxypolymethylene.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
30 words
The electrochemical cell according to claim 28, wherein said anode further comprises from about 0.2% to about 12% by weight of mercury, based upon a weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
35 words
The electrochemical cell according to claim 44, wherein said mercury is present in said anode in an amount of between about 2% and about 3.5% by weight, base upon said weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
147 words
An electrochemical cell comprising: an air cathode; and an anode comprising: from about 55% to about 73% by weight or zinc powder particles of a zinc powder, at least about 90% of said zinc-powder particles having a size between about 100μ and about 500μ, a portion of said zinc powder particles being coated with a coating comprising a surfactant and a gelling agent, and a remainder of said zinc powder particles are substantially uncoated; from about 27% to about 45% by weight of aqueous potassium hydroxide; from about 0.02% to about 0.5% of a reaction rate enabling metal compound being selected from a group consisting of indium chloride, indium bromide, indium hydroxide, indium oxide, indium sulfide, indium sulfate, Ga 2 O 3 , GeO 2 , and SnO; and from about 1.0% to about 4% by weight of mercury, based upon a weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
147 words
An electrochemical cell comprising: an air cathode; and an anode comprising: from about 55% to about 73% by weight or zinc powder particles of a zinc powder, at least about 90% of said zinc-powder particles having a size between about 100μ and about 500μ, a portion of said zinc powder particles being coated with a coating comprising a surfactant and a gelling agent, and a remainder of said zinc powder particles are substantially uncoated; from about 27% to about 45% by weight of aqueous potassium hydroxide; from about 0.02% to about 0.5% of a reaction rate enabling metal compound being selected from a group consisting of indium chloride, indium bromide, indium hydroxide, indium oxide, indium sulfide, indium sulfate, Ga 2 O 3 , GeO 2 , and SnO; and from about 1.0% to about 4% by weight of mercury, based upon a weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
50 words
The electrochemical cell according to claim 46, wherein said surfactant ranges from about 0.1% to about 0.4% by weight of said coating and said gelling agent ranges from about 0.1% to about 0.4% by weight of said coating, said percentages by weight based upon said weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
37 words
The electrochemical cell according to claim 46, wherein said reaction rate enabling compound is a compound of indium selected from a group consisting of indium bromide, indium chloride, indium hydroxide, indium oxide, indium sulfide, and indium sulfate.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
15 words
The electrochemical cell acccording to claim 48, wherein said compound of indium is indium hydroxide.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
34 words
The electrochemical cell according to claim 48, wherein said compound of indium is present in an amount of from about 0.02% to about 0.5% by weight, based upon said weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
34 words
The electrochemical cell according to claim 48, wherein said compound of indium is present in an amount of from about 0.02% to about 0.15% by weight, based upon said weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
34 words
The electrochemical cell according to claim 48, wherein said compound of indium is present in an amount of from about 0.02% to about 0.10% by weight, based upon said weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
229 words
A metal air electrochemical cell having outer walls defining a contained volume, said metal air electrochemical cell comprising: an air cathode including a cathode can, and a cathode assembly, said cathode assembly comprising a reaction surface exposed to a cathodic oxygen, said cathode can having a bottom, said bottom of said cathode can comprising at least one air port for said cathodic oxygen to be transferred therethrough to said reaction surface; an anode comprising an anode material and a container therefor, said anode material comprising: from about 55% to about 73% by weight of zinc powder particles of a zinc powder at least about 90% of said zinc powder particles having a size between about 100μ and about 500μ, a portion of said zinc powder particles of said zinc powder being coated with a coating comprising a surfactant and a gelling agent, a remainder of said zinc powder particles of said zinc powder being substantially uncoated; from about 27% to about 45% by weight of an aqueous potassium hydroxide; from about 0.02% to about 0.5% of a reaction rate enabling metal compound selected from a group consisting of indium chloride, indium bromide, indium hydroxide, indium oxide, indium sulfide, indium sulfate, Ga 2 O 3 , GeO 2 , and SnO; and from about 2% to about 3.5% by weight of mercury, based upon a weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
229 words
A metal air electrochemical cell having outer walls defining a contained volume, said metal air electrochemical cell comprising: an air cathode including a cathode can, and a cathode assembly, said cathode assembly comprising a reaction surface exposed to a cathodic oxygen, said cathode can having a bottom, said bottom of said cathode can comprising at least one air port for said cathodic oxygen to be transferred therethrough to said reaction surface; an anode comprising an anode material and a container therefor, said anode material comprising: from about 55% to about 73% by weight of zinc powder particles of a zinc powder at least about 90% of said zinc powder particles having a size between about 100μ and about 500μ, a portion of said zinc powder particles of said zinc powder being coated with a coating comprising a surfactant and a gelling agent, a remainder of said zinc powder particles of said zinc powder being substantially uncoated; from about 27% to about 45% by weight of an aqueous potassium hydroxide; from about 0.02% to about 0.5% of a reaction rate enabling metal compound selected from a group consisting of indium chloride, indium bromide, indium hydroxide, indium oxide, indium sulfide, indium sulfate, Ga 2 O 3 , GeO 2 , and SnO; and from about 2% to about 3.5% by weight of mercury, based upon a weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
39 words
The metal air electrochemical cell according to claim 53, wherein said reaction rate enabling compound is a compound of indium selected from a group consisting of indium bromide, indium chloride, indium hydroxide, indium oxide, indium sulfide, and indium sulfate.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
17 words
The metal air electrochemical cell according to claim 53, wherein said compound of indium is indium hydroxide.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
39 words
The metal air electrochemical cell according to claim 55, wherein said indium hydroxide is present in said cathode material in an amount of from about 0.02% to about 0.5% by weight, based upon said weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
39 words
The metal air electrochemical cell according to claim 55, wherein said indium hydroxide is present in said cathode material in an amount of from about 0.05% to about 0.15% by weight, based upon said weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
39 words
The metal air electrochemical cell according to claim 55, wherein said indium hydroxide is present in said cathode material in an amount of from about 0.05% to about 0.10% by weight, based upon said weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
73 words
The metal air electrochemical cell according to claim 53, wherein said surfactant of said coating is comprised of a hydroxyethylcellulose in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 0.4% by weight, based upon said weight of said zinc powder, and wherein said gelling agent of said coating if comprised of a carboxypoly-methylene in an amount from about 0.1% to about 0.5% by weight, based on a weight of said aqueous potassium hydroxide.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
28 words
The metal air electrochemical cell according to claim 53, wherein said at least one air port has a total open area of less than about 0.0019 square inch.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
46 words
The metal air electrochemical cell according to claim 53, wherein said bottom of said cathode can comprising at least one air port includes five air ports, said five air ports having a combined open area of front about 0.00047 square inch to about 0.0019 square inch.
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
46 words
The metal air electrochemical cell according to claim 53, wherein said bottom of said cathode can comprising at least one air port includes six air ports, said six air ports having a combined open area of from about 0.00047 square inch to about 0.0019 square inch.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
24 words
The metal air electrochemical cell according to claim 61, wherein said five air ports are evenly distributed on said bottom of said cathode can.
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
24 words
The metal air electrochemical cell according to claim 62, wherein said six air ports are evenly distributed on said bottom of said cathode can.
Claim 70
Dependent Claim
263 words
A metal air electrochemical cell having outer walls defining a contained volume, said metal air electrochemical cell comprising: an air cathode including a cathode can and a cathode assembly, said cathode assembly comprising a reaction surface exposed to a cathodic oxygen, said cathode can having a bottom, said bottom of said cathode can comprising at least one air port for said cathodic oxygen to traverse therethrough to said reaction surface; an anode comprising an anode material and a container therefor, said anode material comprising: from about 55% to about 73% by weight of zinc powder particles of a zinc powder, at least about 90% of said zinc powder particles of said zinc powder having a size between about 100μ and about 500μ, a portion of said zinc powder particles of said zinc powder being coated with a coating comprising a surfactant and a gelling agent, and a remainder of said zinc powder particles of said zinc powder being substantially uncoated; from about 27% to about 45% by weight of an aqueous potassium hydroxide comprising about 2% of a ZnO, based upon a weight of said aqueous potassium hydroxide; from about 0.02% to about 0.5% by weight of indium hydroxide; and from about 2% to about 3.5% by weight of a mercury, based upon a weight of said zinc powder; wherein said metal air electrochemical cell has a capacity to deliver a watt density of at least 210 milliwatts per square inch of an area of said reaction surfacer under a load of 51 ohms at continuous discharge for at least about five hours.
Claim 71
Dependent Claim
263 words
A metal air electrochemical cell having outer walls defining a contained volume, said metal air electrochemical cell comprising: an air cathode including a cathode can and a cathode assembly, said cathode assembly comprising a reaction surface exposed to a cathodic oxygen, said cathode can having a bottom, said bottom of said cathode can comprising at least one air port for said cathodic oxygen to traverse therethrough to said reaction surface; an anode comprising an anode material and a container therefor, said anode material comprising: from about 55% to about 73% by weight of zinc powder particles of a zinc powder, at least about 90% of said zinc powder particles of said zinc powder having a size between about 100μ and about 500μ, a portion of said zinc powder particles of said zinc powder being coated with a coating comprising a surfactant and a gelling agent, and a remainder of said zinc powder particles of said zinc powder being substantially uncoated; from about 27% to about 45% by weight of an aqueous potassium hydroxide comprising about 2% of a ZnO, based upon a weight of said aqueous potassium hydroxide; from about 0.02% to about 0.5% by weight of indium hydroxide; and from about 2% to about 3.5% by weight of a mercury, based upon a weight of said zinc powder; wherein said metal air electrochemical cell has a capacity to deliver a watt density of at least 210 milliwatts per square inch of an area of said reaction surfacer under a load of 51 ohms at continuous discharge for at least about five hours.
Claim 72
Dependent Claim
49 words
The metal air electrochemical cell according to claim 65, further comprising a contained volume of about 0.04 cubic inch having a capacity to sustain an emf of at least about 1.1 volts under a load of 51 ohms at continuous discharge for a period of at least eight hours.
Claim 73
Dependent Claim
267 words
A metal air electrochemical cell having outer walls defining a contained volume comprising: an air cathode including a cathode can and a cathode assemnbly, said cathode assembly comprising a reaction surface exposed to a cathodic oxygen, said cathode can having a bottom, said bottom of said cathode can comprising at least one air port for said cathodic oxygen to traverse therethrough to said reaction surface; an anode comprising an anode material and a container therefor, said anode material comprising: about 67% by weight of zinc powder particles of a zinc powder, at least about 90% of said zinc powder particles of said zinc powder having a size between about 100μ and about 500μ, a portion of said zinc powder particles of said zinc powder being coated with a coating comprising from about 0.1% to about 0.4% by weight of a surfactant, based upon a weight of said zinc powder, from about 0.1% to about 0.4% by weight of a gelling agent, based upon said weight of said zinc powder, and a remainder of said zinc powder particles of said zinc powder being substantially uncoated; about 33% by weight of an aqueous potassium hydroxide; from about 0.02% to about 0.5% of an indium hydroxide; and from about 2% to about 3.5% by weight of a mercury, based upon said weight of said zinc powder; wherein said metal air electrochemical cell has a capacity to deliver a watt density of at least 210 milliwatts per square inch of an area of said reaction surface under a load of 51 ohms at continuous discharge for at least about five hours.
Claim 74
Dependent Claim
267 words
A metal air electrochemical cell having outer walls defining a contained volume comprising: an air cathode including a cathode can and a cathode assemnbly, said cathode assembly comprising a reaction surface exposed to a cathodic oxygen, said cathode can having a bottom, said bottom of said cathode can comprising at least one air port for said cathodic oxygen to traverse therethrough to said reaction surface; an anode comprising an anode material and a container therefor, said anode material comprising: about 67% by weight of zinc powder particles of a zinc powder, at least about 90% of said zinc powder particles of said zinc powder having a size between about 100μ and about 500μ, a portion of said zinc powder particles of said zinc powder being coated with a coating comprising from about 0.1% to about 0.4% by weight of a surfactant, based upon a weight of said zinc powder, from about 0.1% to about 0.4% by weight of a gelling agent, based upon said weight of said zinc powder, and a remainder of said zinc powder particles of said zinc powder being substantially uncoated; about 33% by weight of an aqueous potassium hydroxide; from about 0.02% to about 0.5% of an indium hydroxide; and from about 2% to about 3.5% by weight of a mercury, based upon said weight of said zinc powder; wherein said metal air electrochemical cell has a capacity to deliver a watt density of at least 210 milliwatts per square inch of an area of said reaction surface under a load of 51 ohms at continuous discharge for at least about five hours.
Claim 75
Dependent Claim
49 words
The metal air electrochemnical cell according to claim 67, further comprising a contained volume of about 0.04 cubic inch having a capacity to sustain an emf of at least about 1.1 volts under a load of 51 ohms at continuous discharge for a period of at least eight hours.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US4084047A
Cited
US4288913A
Cited
US4332870A
Cited
US4455358A
Cited
US4681698A
Cited
US4380578A
Cited
US4435488A
Cited
AU2249683A
Cited
US4579791A
Cited
US4608325A
Cited
US4585716A
Cited
US4861688A
Cited
US4777100A
Cited
US4585710A
Cited
US4722763A
Cited
US4840644A
Cited
EP0560579A1
Cited
US5721065A
Cited
US5773176A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2003-07-11 | 2004-01-10 | 2004-07-11 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2007-07-11 | 2008-01-10 | 2008-07-11 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2011-07-11 | 2012-01-10 | 2012-07-11 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |