US5721065A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Low mercury, high discharge rate electrochemical cell
Assignee: Spectrum Brands Inc
•
Filing: 1995-10-16
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Granted: 1998-02-24
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Expires: 2015-10-16
Abstract
Abstract This invention pertains to novel alkaline electrochemical cells having high drain capacities, especially cells having high drain rate capabilities at voltages of at least 1.1 volts for use in small appliances such as hearing aids. The anode includes anode material in the cells including potassium hydroxide, zinc powder, 0.02% to 0.5% indium as indium compound separate from the zinc powder, optionally a low level of mercury, and preferably a surfactant comprising hydroxyethylcellulose. The cathode provides sufficient oxidative capability to oxidize the zinc at a sufficient rate to support the electrical drain demands on the cell. A cathode, in a preferred zinc air cell for a hearing aid, includes at least 5 air ports, evenly distributed over the surface of the bottom of the cathode can. Cells of the invention exhibit prolonged operation at relatively constant voltage over 1.1 volts, and relatively constant power output at a power density of at least about 210 milliwatts per square inch of the reaction surface area of the cathode assembly, for periods significantly longer than conventional cells.
Inventors
- 👤 Randall L. Collien
- 👤 Patrick J. Spellman
- 👤 Robert B. Dopp
- 👤 John Edward Oltman
- 👤 John David Burns
- 👤 Joseph Lynn Passaniti
- 👤 Michael Joseph Root
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-30 22:14
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01M; H01M4/00; H01M4/02; H01M4/06; H01M12/00; H01M12/04; H01M12/06; H01M4/24; H01M4/244; H01M4/36; H01M4/38; H01M4/42; H01M4/62; H01M50/00; H01M50/10; H01M50/102; H01M50/109; H01M50/116; H01M50/117; H01M50/119; H01M50/124; H01M50/1243; H01M50/50; H01M50/543; H01M50/545; H01M2300/00; H01M2300/0085; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E60/00; Y02E60/10
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 183
Claim 1
Independent Claim
87 words
A composition of matter, comprising: (a) about 27% by weight to about 45% by weight of an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide; (b) about 55% by weight to about 73% by weight particles of zinc powder; (c) about 0.02% by weight to about 0.5% by weight, the percentage being based on the weight of said zinc powder, of indium in the form of indium compound; and (d) about 0.2% to about 12%, mercury, the percentage being based on and included in the weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
87 words
A composition of matter, comprising: (a) about 27% by weight to about 45% by weight of an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide; (b) about 55% by weight to about 73% by weight particles of zinc powder; (c) about 0.02% by weight to about 0.5% by weight, the percentage being based on the weight of said zinc powder, of indium in the form of indium compound; and (d) about 0.2% to about 12%, mercury, the percentage being based on and included in the weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
31 words
A composition of matter as in claim 1, including about 0.1% to about 0.4% by weight, based on the weight of said particles of zinc powder, of a surfactant comprising hydroxyethylcellulose.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
35 words
A composition of matter as in claim 2 wherein said surfactant was mixed with, and thereby coated onto, at least a portion Of said particles of zinc powder before addition thereto of said indium compound.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
32 words
A composition of matter as in claim 1, the composition of said particles of zinc powder, as incorporated into said composition of matter, being substantially free from functionally detectable amounts of indium.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
28 words
A composition of matter as in claim 1, the composition of said zinc powder, as incorporated into said composition of matter, comprising less than 0.01% by weight indium.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
64 words
A composition of matter as in claim 1, said particles of zinc powder comprising a mixture made in a process including a mixing step, a first portion of said particles of zinc powder being coated with a surfactant prior to the mixing step, and a second portion of said particles of zinc powder not being coated with said surfactant prior to the mixing step.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
37 words
A composition of matter as in claim 1, including about 30% to about 35% by weight of an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, and about 65% to about 70% by weight of said particles of zinc powder.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
34 words
A composition of matter as in claim 1, including about 0.05% by weight to about 0.15% by weight of said indium, the percentage being based on the weight of said particles of zinc powder.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
34 words
A composition of matter as in claim 1, including about 0.05% by weight to about 0.10% by weight of said indium, the percentage being based on the weight of said particles of zinc powder.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
33 words
A composition of matter as in claim 1, including about 1% to about 4% by weight mercury, the percentage being based on and included in the weight of said particles of zinc powder.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
29 words
A composition of matter as in claim 1, said indium compound comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of indium hydroxide, indium sulfate, and indium chloride.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
102 words
A composition of matter, comprising: (a) about 27% by weight to about 45% by weight of an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide; (b) about 55% by weight to about 73% by weight particles of zinc powder; (c) about 0.02% by weight to about 0.5% by weight, the percentage being based on the weight of said zinc powder, of indium in the form of indium compound; and (d) about 0.1% to about 0.4% by weight, the percentage being based on the weight of said zinc powder, of a surfactant comprising hydroxyethylcellulose, coated onto at least a portion of said particles of zinc powder.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
102 words
A composition of matter, comprising: (a) about 27% by weight to about 45% by weight of an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide; (b) about 55% by weight to about 73% by weight particles of zinc powder; (c) about 0.02% by weight to about 0.5% by weight, the percentage being based on the weight of said zinc powder, of indium in the form of indium compound; and (d) about 0.1% to about 0.4% by weight, the percentage being based on the weight of said zinc powder, of a surfactant comprising hydroxyethylcellulose, coated onto at least a portion of said particles of zinc powder.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
35 words
A composition of matter as in claim 12 wherein said surfactant was mixed with, and thereby coated onto, at least a portion of said particles of zinc powder before addition thereto of said indium compound.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
28 words
A composition of matter as in claim 12, including about 0.3% to about 0.35% by weight, based on the weight of said zinc powder, of said organic surfactant.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
30 words
A composition of matter as in claim 12, the composition of said zinc powder, as incorporated into said composition of matter, being substantially free from functionally detectable amounts of indium.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
28 words
A composition of matter as in claim 12, the composition of said zinc powder, as incorporated into said composition of matter, comprising less than 0.01% by weight indium.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
64 words
A composition of matter as in claim 12, said particles of zinc powder comprising a mixture made in a process including a mixing step, a first portion of said particles of zinc powder being coated with a surfactant prior to the mixing step, and a second portion of said particles of zinc powder not being coated with said surfactant prior to the mixing step.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
39 words
A composition of matter as in claim 12, including about 30% by weight to about 35% by weight of an aqueous potassium hydroxide and about 65% by weight to about 70% by weight of said particles of zinc powder.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
20 words
A composition of matter as in claim 12, including 0.05% by weight to about 0.15% by weight of said indium.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
20 words
A composition of matter as in claim 12, including 0.05% by weight to about 0.10% by weight of said indium.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
35 words
A composition of matter as in claim 12, including about 2% by weight to about 3.5% by weight mercury, the percentage being based on and included in the weight of said particles of zinc powder.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
29 words
A composition of matter as in claim 12, said indium compound comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of indium hydroxide, indium sulfate, and indium chloride.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
108 words
An anode for use in an electrochemical cell, said anode comprising: (a) an anode material comprising (i) about 27% by weight to about 45% by weight of an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide and (ii) about 55% by weight to about 73% by weight particles of zinc powder, (iii) about 0.2% to about 12% mercury, the percentage being based on and included in the weight of said particles of zinc powder, and (iv) sufficient amount of indium, as indium compound, to enable increased rate of electrochemical output of the anode, as a result of the inclusion of the indium; and (b) a container receiving said anode material thereinto.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
108 words
An anode for use in an electrochemical cell, said anode comprising: (a) an anode material comprising (i) about 27% by weight to about 45% by weight of an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide and (ii) about 55% by weight to about 73% by weight particles of zinc powder, (iii) about 0.2% to about 12% mercury, the percentage being based on and included in the weight of said particles of zinc powder, and (iv) sufficient amount of indium, as indium compound, to enable increased rate of electrochemical output of the anode, as a result of the inclusion of the indium; and (b) a container receiving said anode material thereinto.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
56 words
An anode as in claim 23, said anode material including about 0.1% to about 0.4% by weight, based on the weight of said zinc powder, of a surfactant comprising hydroxyethylcellulose, said particles of zinc powder comprising a first portion thereof generally coated with said surfactant, and a second portion thereof not generally coated with said surfactant.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
29 words
An anode as in claim 24, wherein said surfactant was mixed with, and thereby coated onto, said first portion of said zinc powder before addition thereto of said indium.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
72 words
An anode as in claim 23, said anode material including about 0.3% by weight to about 0.35% by weight, the percentage being based on the weight of said zinc powder, of a surfactant having surface active sites comprising hydroxyethylcellulose, a first portion of said particles of zinc powder being generally coated with said hydroxyethylcellulose surfactant, a second portion of said particles of zinc powder being not generally coated with said hydroxyethylcellulose surfactant.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
27 words
An anode as in claim 23, the composition of said zinc, powder, as incorporated into said anode material, being substantially free from functionally detectable amounts of indium.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
26 words
An anode as in claim 23, the composition of said zinc powder, as incorporated into said composition of matter, comprising less than 0.01% by weight indium.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
42 words
An anode as in claim 23, said anode material including about 30% by weight to about 35% by weight of an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide and about 65% by weight to about 70% by weight of said particles of zinc powder.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
22 words
An anode as in claim 23, said anode material including about 0.02% by weight to about 0.5% by weight of said indium.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
22 words
An anode as in claim 23, said anode material including about 0.05% by weight to about 0.15% by weight of said indium.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
22 words
An anode as in claim 23, said anode material including about 0.05% by weight to about 0.10% by weight of said indium.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
38 words
An anode as in claim 23, said anode material including about 1% to about 4% by weight mercury in said particles of zinc powder, the percentage being based on and included in the weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
31 words
An anode as in claim 23, said anode material including about 2% by weight to about 3.5% by weight mercury, based on and included in the weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
34 words
An anode as in claim 23, said indium being in the form of indium compound and comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of indium hydroxide, indium sulfate, and indium chloride.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
128 words
An anode for use in an electrochemical cell, said anode comprising: (a) an anode material comprising (i) about 27% by weight to about 45% by weight of an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide and (ii) about 55% by weight to about 73% by weight zinc powder, (iii) about 0.1% to about 0.4%, the percentage being based on the weight of said zinc powder, of a surfactant comprising hydroxyethylcellulose, said particles of zinc powder comprising a first portion thereof generally coated with said surfactant, and a second portion thereof not generally coated with said surfactant, and (iv) sufficient amount of indium to enable increased rate of electrochemical output of the anode, as a result of the inclusion of the indium; and (b) a container receiving said anode material thereinto.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
128 words
An anode for use in an electrochemical cell, said anode comprising: (a) an anode material comprising (i) about 27% by weight to about 45% by weight of an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide and (ii) about 55% by weight to about 73% by weight zinc powder, (iii) about 0.1% to about 0.4%, the percentage being based on the weight of said zinc powder, of a surfactant comprising hydroxyethylcellulose, said particles of zinc powder comprising a first portion thereof generally coated with said surfactant, and a second portion thereof not generally coated with said surfactant, and (iv) sufficient amount of indium to enable increased rate of electrochemical output of the anode, as a result of the inclusion of the indium; and (b) a container receiving said anode material thereinto.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
29 words
An anode as in claim 36, wherein said surfactant was mixed with, and thereby coated onto, said first portion of said zinc powder before addition thereto of said indium.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
33 words
An anode as in claim 37, said anode material including about 0.3% by weight to about 0.35% by weight, the percentage being based on the weight of said zinc powder, of said surfactant.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
27 words
An anode as in claim 36, the composition of said zinc powder, as incorporated into said anode material, being substantially free from functionally detectable amounts of indium.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
25 words
An anode as in claim 36, the composition of said zinc powder, as incorporated into said anode composition, comprising less than 0.01% by weight indium.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
42 words
An anode as in claim 36, said anode material including about 30% by weight to about 35% by weight of an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide and about 65% by weight to about 70% by weight of said particles of zinc powder.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
22 words
An anode as in claim 36, said anode material including about 0.02% by weight to about 0.5% by weight of said indium.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
22 words
An anode as in claim 36, said anode material including about 0.05% by weight to about 0.15% by weight of said indium.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
22 words
An anode as in claim 36, said anode material including about 0.05% by weight to about 0.10% by weight of said indium.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
34 words
An anode as in claim 36, said anode material including about 2% by weight to about 3.5% by weight mercury, the percentage being based on and included in the weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
34 words
An anode as in claim 36, said indium being in the form of indium compound and comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of indium hydroxide, indium sulfate, and indium chloride.
Claim 51
Independent Claim
135 words
A method of making an anode composition for use in an electrochemical cell, the anode composition comprising potassium hydroxide and particles of zinc powder, the method comprising the steps of: (a) making a zinc mixture by mixing with the particles of zinc powder about 0.1% by weight to about 0.4% by weight, the percentage being based on the weight of the zinc powder, of a surfactant comprising hydroxyethylcellulose; (b) after step (a), mixing with the zinc mixture, about 0.02% by weight to about 0.5% by weight, the percentage being based on the weight of the zinc powder, of indium in the form of indium compound, to make a combination dry zinc powder composition having indium therein; and (c) after step (b), adding a solution of aqueous potassium hydroxide to the combination dry zinc powder composition.
Claim 52
Independent Claim
135 words
A method of making an anode composition for use in an electrochemical cell, the anode composition comprising potassium hydroxide and particles of zinc powder, the method comprising the steps of: (a) making a zinc mixture by mixing with the particles of zinc powder about 0.1% by weight to about 0.4% by weight, the percentage being based on the weight of the zinc powder, of a surfactant comprising hydroxyethylcellulose; (b) after step (a), mixing with the zinc mixture, about 0.02% by weight to about 0.5% by weight, the percentage being based on the weight of the zinc powder, of indium in the form of indium compound, to make a combination dry zinc powder composition having indium therein; and (c) after step (b), adding a solution of aqueous potassium hydroxide to the combination dry zinc powder composition.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
32 words
A method as in claim 47 including, prior to step (c), incorporating into the zinc powder about 0.2% to about 12% by weight mercury, based on the weight of the zinc powder.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
67 words
A method as in claim 47, step (a) including (i) mixing a particulate additive material, including the surfactant, with a first portion of the zinc powder and thereby coating the first portion of the zinc powder with the surfactant, and (ii) mixing, with the coated first portion of zinc powder, a second portion of fresh uncoated zinc powder, to thereby make a combined particulate zinc powder product.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
19 words
A method as in claim 49 wherein the ratio of uncoated zinc to coated zinc is greater than 1/1.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
19 words
A method as in claim 49 wherein the ratio of uncoated zinc to coated zinc is greater than 2/1.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
19 words
A method as in claim 49 wherein the particulate additive material comprises the surfactant, a gelling agent, and MgO.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
48 words
A method as in claim 49 wherein the mixing step (a) comprises mixing about 97 parts by weight of the first portion of zinc powder with about 3 parts by weight of the particulate additive material, the surfactant comprising about 1/3 by weight of the particulate additive material.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
83 words
A method as in claim 49, including, in step (a), in addition to the surfactant, mixing with the zinc powder about 0.1% by weight to about 0.5% by weight, the percent being based on the weight of the zinc powder, of a material having gel-forming properties, such that the adding of the potassium hydroxide in step (c), after both the surfactant and the indium compound have been mixed with the zinc powder, causes in situ formation of a gel at the zinc powder.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
163 words
A primary metal air electrochemical cell having outer walls defining a contained volume, said electrochemical cell comprising an anode including anode material and a container therefore, and an air cathode including a cathode can and a cathode assembly, said cathode assembly comprising a reaction surface defining a reaction surface area exposed to cathodic oxygen, said anode material including particles of zinc powder and an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, said cathode can comprising a plurality of air ports for traverse of cathodic oxygen therethrough and to said reaction surface, said electrochemical cell having an electrochemical capacity to deliver power at a watt density of at least about 210 milliwatts per square inch of said reaction surface area at an emf of at least about 1.1 volts at continuous drain under a load of 51 ohms for a period corresponding to a period of at least about 5 hours for a respective such electrochemical cell wherein said contained volume is about 0.04 cubic inch.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
163 words
A primary metal air electrochemical cell having outer walls defining a contained volume, said electrochemical cell comprising an anode including anode material and a container therefore, and an air cathode including a cathode can and a cathode assembly, said cathode assembly comprising a reaction surface defining a reaction surface area exposed to cathodic oxygen, said anode material including particles of zinc powder and an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, said cathode can comprising a plurality of air ports for traverse of cathodic oxygen therethrough and to said reaction surface, said electrochemical cell having an electrochemical capacity to deliver power at a watt density of at least about 210 milliwatts per square inch of said reaction surface area at an emf of at least about 1.1 volts at continuous drain under a load of 51 ohms for a period corresponding to a period of at least about 5 hours for a respective such electrochemical cell wherein said contained volume is about 0.04 cubic inch.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
57 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 55, said electrochemical cell having an electrochemical capacity to deliver the recited watt density at an emf of at least about 1.1 volts for a period corresponding to a period of at least about 8 hours for a respective such electrochemical cell wherein said contained volume is about 0.04 cubic inch.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
37 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 56, said cathode can having a bottom, said bottom of said cathode can comprising at least 5 air ports, having a combined open area of at least about 0.00047 square inch.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
45 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 56, said cathode can having a bottom, said bottom of said cathode can comprising at least 5 air ports, having a combined open area of at least about 0.00047 square inch, and no more than about 0.00189 square inch.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
51 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 56, said zinc powder comprising a coating thereon, of about 0.02% by weight to about 0.5% by weight, the percent being based on the weight of said zinc powder, of indium, as indium compound, and about 0.2% by weight to about 12% by weight mercury.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
52 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 55, said zinc powder comprising about 0.02% to about 0.5% by weight indium admixed therewith, based on the weight of said zinc powder, said zinc powder further comprising therein about 0.2% to about 12% mercury, based on and included in the weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
20 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 55, said anode material comprising an organic surfactant having surface active sites comprising hydroxyethylcellulose.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
59 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 55, said zinc powder comprising about 0.02% to about 0.5% by weight, based on the weight of said zinc powder, indium admixed therewith, said zinc powder further comprising an organic surfactant comprising hydroxyethylcellulose, and including therein about 0.2% to about 12% mercury, based on and included in the weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
37 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 55, said cathode can having a bottom, said bottom of said cathode can comprising at least 5 air ports, having a combined open area of at least about 0.00047 square inch.
Claim 70
Dependent Claim
45 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 55, said cathode can having a bottom, said bottom of said cathode can comprising at least 5 air ports, having a combined open area of at least about 0.00047 square inch, and no more than about 0.00189 square inch.
Claim 71
Dependent Claim
28 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 64, said air ports being substantially evenly spaced about said bottom of said cathode can with respect to said reaction surface area.
Claim 72
Dependent Claim
65 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 55, said zinc powder comprising a coating thereon, of about 0.02% by weight to about 0.5% by weight, the percentage being based on the weight of said zinc powder, of indium, as indium compound, and about 0.2% by weight to about 12% by weight mercury, the percentage being based on and included in the weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 73
Dependent Claim
39 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 55, said particles of zinc powder comprising a first portion thereof generally coated with a surfactant having surface active sites comprising hydroxyethylcellulose, and a second portion thereof not generally coated with said surfactant.
Claim 74
Dependent Claim
75 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 55, said zinc powder comprising about 0.02% by weight to about 0.5% by weight, the percentage being based on the weight of said zinc powder, indium, as indium compound, admixed therewith, said zinc powder further comprising a surfactant having surface active sites comprising hydroxyethylcellulose, and about 0.2% by weight to about 12% by weight mercury, the percentage being based on and included in the weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 75
Dependent Claim
38 words
An electrochemical cell as is in claim 55, said cathode can having a bottom, said bottom of said cathode can comprising at least 6 air ports, having a combined open area of at least about 0.001 square inch.
Claim 76
Dependent Claim
101 words
A primary metal air electrochemical cell, comprising: (a) an anode comprising (i) about 27% to about 45% by weight of an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide and (ii) about 55% by weight to about 73% by weight particles of zinc powder, (iii) about 0.2% by weight to about 12% by weight mercury, the percentage being based on and included in the weight of said particles of zinc powder, and (iv) sufficient amount of indium, as indium compound, to enable increased rate of electrochemical output of said anode, as a result of the inclusion of said indium,; and (b) an air cathode.
Claim 77
Dependent Claim
101 words
A primary metal air electrochemical cell, comprising: (a) an anode comprising (i) about 27% to about 45% by weight of an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide and (ii) about 55% by weight to about 73% by weight particles of zinc powder, (iii) about 0.2% by weight to about 12% by weight mercury, the percentage being based on and included in the weight of said particles of zinc powder, and (iv) sufficient amount of indium, as indium compound, to enable increased rate of electrochemical output of said anode, as a result of the inclusion of said indium,; and (b) an air cathode.
Claim 78
Dependent Claim
61 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 70, said anode including about 0.1% by weight to about 0.4% by weight, the percentage being based on the weight of said zinc powder, of a surfactant comprising hydroxyethylcellulose, said particles of zinc powder comprising a first portion thereof generally coated with said surfactant, and a second portion thereof not generally coated with said surfactant.
Claim 79
Dependent Claim
31 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 71, said surfactant having been mixed with, and thereby coated onto, said first portion of said zinc powder before addition thereto of said indium compound.
Claim 80
Dependent Claim
65 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 72, said electrochemical cell having an electrochemical capacity, based on volume of said cell, equivalent to a cell having a contained volume of 0.04 cubic inch and delivering at least about 23 milliwatts at an emf of at least about 1.1 volts for a period of at least about 5 hours continuous drain at a load of 51 ohms.
Claim 81
Dependent Claim
50 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 72, said electrochemical cell having an electrochemical capacity to deliver at least about 1.1 volts for a period of at least about 8 hours when subjected to sequential loads of 37 ohms for 1 second, followed by 370 ohms for 1 second, repeated continuously.
Claim 82
Dependent Claim
80 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 72, said electrochemical cell having an electrochemical capacity to deliver at least about 1.1 volts for a drain period of at least about 15 hours when subjected to sequential loads of 43 ohms for 1 second, followed by 100 ohms for 59 seconds, the above sequence being repeated for 12 hours, followed by a 12 hour rest period, then the drain sequence and rest periods being repeated until the voltage drops below 1.1 volts.
Claim 83
Dependent Claim
41 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 71, said anode including about 0.3% by weight to about 0.35% by weight, the percentage being based on the weight of said particles of zinc powder, of a surfactant having surface active sites comprising hydroxyethylcellulose.
Claim 84
Dependent Claim
65 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 76, said electrochemical cell having an electrochemical capacity, based on volume of said cell, equivalent to a cell having a contained volume of 0.04 cubic inch and delivering at least about 23 milliwatts at an emf of at least about 1.1 volts for a period of at least about 5 hours continuous drain at a load of 51 ohms.
Claim 85
Dependent Claim
65 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 71, said electrochemical cell having an electrochemical capacity, based on volume of said cell, equivalent to a cell having a contained volume of 0.04 cubic inch and delivering at least about 23 milliwatts at an emf of at least about 1.1 volts for a period of at least about 5 hours continuous drain at a load of 51 ohms.
Claim 86
Dependent Claim
50 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 71, said electrochemical cell having an electrochemical capacity to deliver at least about 1.1 volts for a period of at least about 8 hours when subjected to sequential loads of 37 ohms for 1 second, followed by 370 ohms for 1 second, repeated continuously.
Claim 87
Dependent Claim
80 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 71, said electrochemical cell having an electrochemical capacity to deliver at least about 1.1 volts for a drain period of at least about 15 hours when subjected to sequential loads of 43 ohms for 1 second, followed by 100 ohms for 59 seconds, the above sequence being repeated for 12 hours, followed by a 12 hour rest period, then the drain sequence and rest periods being repeated until the voltage drops below 1.1 volts.
Claim 88
Dependent Claim
41 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 70, said anode including about 0.3% by weight to about 0.35% by weight, the percentage being based on the weight of said particles of zinc powder, of a surfactant having surface active sites comprising hydroxyethylcellulose.
Claim 89
Dependent Claim
26 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 70, the composition of said zinc powder, as incorporated into said anode, being substantially free from functional amounts of indium.
Claim 90
Dependent Claim
25 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 70, the composition of said zinc powder, as incorporated into said anode, comprising less than 0.01% by weight indium.
Claim 91
Dependent Claim
50 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 83, said electrochemical cell having an electrochemical capacity to deliver at least about 1.1 volts for a period of at least about 8 hours when subjected to sequential loads of 37 ohms for 1 second, followed by 370 ohms for 1 second, repeated continuously.
Claim 92
Dependent Claim
80 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 83, said electrochemical cell having an electrochemical capacity to deliver at least about 1.1 volts for a drain period of at least about 15 hours when subjected to sequential loads of 43 ohms for 1 second, followed by 100 ohms for 59 seconds, the above sequence being repeated for 12 hours, followed by a 12 hour rest period, then the drain sequence and rest periods being repeated until the voltage drops below 1.1 volts.
Claim 93
Dependent Claim
30 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 70, said zinc powder comprising about 0.02% by weight to about 0.1% by weight lead, based on the overall weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 94
Dependent Claim
65 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 86, said electrochemical cell having an electrochemical capacity, based on volume of said cell, equivalent to a cell having a contained volume of 0.04 cubic inch and delivering at least about 23 milliwatts at an emf of at least about 1.1 volts for a period of at least about 5 hours continuous drain at a load of 51 ohms.
Claim 95
Dependent Claim
50 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 86, said electrochemical cell having an electrochemical capacity to deliver at least about 1.1 volts for a period of at least about 8 hours when subjected to sequential loads of 37 ohms for 1 second, followed by 370 ohms for 1 second, repeated continuously.
Claim 96
Dependent Claim
80 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 86 said electrochemical cell having an electrochemical capacity to deliver at least about 1.1 volts for a drain period of at least about 15 hours when subjected to sequential loads of 43 ohms for 1 second, followed by 100 ohms for 59 seconds, the above sequence being repeated for 12 hours, followed by a 12 hour rest period, then the drain sequence and rest periods being repeated until the voltage drops below 1.1 volts.
Claim 97
Dependent Claim
42 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 70, said anode comprising about 30% by weight to about 35% by weight of an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide and about 65% by weight to about 70% by weight of said particles of zinc powder.
Claim 98
Dependent Claim
33 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 70, said anode comprising about 0.02% by weight to about 0.5% by weight of said indium, the percentage being based on the weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 99
Dependent Claim
65 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 91, said electrochemical cell having an electrochemical capacity, based on volume of said cell, equivalent to a cell having a contained volume of 0.04 cubic inch and delivering at least about 23 milliwatts at an emf of at least about 1.1 volts for a period of at least about 5 hours continuous drain at a load of 51 ohms.
Claim 100
Dependent Claim
33 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 70, said anode comprising about 0.05% by weight to about 0.15% by weight of said indium, the percentage being based on the weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 101
Dependent Claim
65 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 93, said electrochemical cell having an electrochemical capacity, based on volume of said cell, equivalent to a cell having a contained volume of 0.04 cubic inch and delivering at least about 23 milliwatts at an emf of at least about 1.1 volts for a period of at least about 5 hours continuous drain at a load of 51 ohms.
Claim 102
Dependent Claim
33 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 70, said anode comprising about 0.05% by weight to about 0.10% by weight of said indium, the percentage being based on the weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 103
Dependent Claim
29 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 70, said anode comprising about 1% to about 4% by weight mercury, based on and included in the weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 104
Dependent Claim
65 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 96, said electrochemical cell having an electrochemical capacity, based on volume of said cell, equivalent to a cell having a contained volume of 0.04 cubic inch and delivering at least about 23 milliwatts at an emf of at least about 1.1 volts for a period of at least about 5 hours continuous drain at a load of 51 ohms.
Claim 105
Dependent Claim
50 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 96, said electrochemical cell having an electrochemical capacity to deliver at least about 1.1 volts for a period of at least about 8 hours when subjected to sequential loads of 37 ohms for 1 second, followed by 370 ohms for 1 second, repeated continuously.
Claim 106
Dependent Claim
80 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 96, said electrochemical cell having an electrochemical capacity to deliver at least about 1.1 volts for a drain period of at least about 15 hours when subjected to sequential loads of 43 ohms for 1 second, followed by 100 ohms for 59 seconds, the above sequence being repeated for 12 hours, followed by a 12 hour rest period, then the drain sequence and rest periods being repeated until the voltage drops below 1.1 volts.
Claim 107
Dependent Claim
29 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 70, said anode comprising about 2% to about 3.5% by weight mercury, based on and included in the weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 108
Dependent Claim
28 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 70, said indium compound comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of indium hydroxide, indium sulfate, and indium chloride.
Claim 109
Dependent Claim
65 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 70, said electrochemical cell having an electrochemical capacity, based on volume of the cell, equivalent to a cell having a contained volume of 0.04 cubic inch and delivering at least about 23 milliwatts at an emf of at least about 1.1 volts for a period of at least about 5 hours continuous drain at a load of 51 ohms.
Claim 110
Dependent Claim
50 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 102, said electrochemical cell having an electrochemical capacity to deliver at least about 1.1 volts for a period of at least about 8 hours when subjected to sequential loads of 37 ohms for 1 second, followed by 370 ohms for 1 second, repeated continuously.
Claim 111
Dependent Claim
80 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 102, said electrochemical cell having an electrochemical capacity to deliver at least about 1.1 volts for a drain period of at least about 15 hours when subjected to sequential loads of 43 ohms for 1 second, followed by 100 ohms for 59 seconds, the above sequence being repeated for 12 hours, followed by a 12 hour rest period, then the drain sequence and rest periods being repeated until the voltage drops below 1.1 volts.
Claim 112
Dependent Claim
82 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 70, said cathode comprising a cathode can, a cathode assembly being contained in said cathode can, said cathode can having a bottom, said cathode assembly further comprising a cathode reaction surface having an electrochemically active area thereon facing said bottom of said cathode can, said bottom of said cathode can comprising at least 5 air ports, having a combined open area of at least about 0.00047 square inch, and no more than about 0.00189 square inch.
Claim 113
Dependent Claim
50 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 105, said electrochemical cell having an electrochemical capacity to deliver at least about 1.1 volts for a period of at least about 8 hours when subjected to sequential loads of 37 ohms for 1 second, followed by 370 ohms for 1 second, repeated continuously.
Claim 114
Dependent Claim
80 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 105, said electrochemical cell having an electrochemical capacity to deliver at least about 1.1 volts for a drain period of at least about 15 hours when subjected to sequential loads of 43 ohms for 1 second, followed by 100 ohms for 59 seconds, the above sequence being repeated for 12 hours, followed by a 12 hour rest period, then the drain sequence and rest periods being repeated until the voltage drops below 1.1 volts.
Claim 115
Dependent Claim
63 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 70, said cathode can having a bottom, said cathode further comprising a cathode assembly contained in said cathode can and having an electrochemically active area thereon facing said bottom of said cathode can, said bottom of said cathode can comprising at least 6 air ports, having a combined open area of at least about 0.001 square inch.
Claim 116
Dependent Claim
69 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 70, said electrochemical cell having an electrochemical capacity to deliver at least about 1.1 volts for a period corresponding to a period of at least about 8 hours, for a respective such electrochemical cell wherein the contained volume is about 0.04 cubic inch, when subjected to sequential loads of 37 ohms for 1 second, followed by 370 ohms for 1 second, repeated continuously.
Claim 117
Dependent Claim
99 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 70, said electrochemical cell having an electrochemical capacity to deliver at least about 1.1 volts for a drain period corresponding to a period of at least about 15 hours, for a respective such electrochemical cell wherein the contained volume is about 0.04 cubic inch, when subjected to sequential loads of 43 ohms for 1 second, followed by 100 ohms for 59 seconds, the above sequence being repeated for 12 hours, followed by a 12 hour rest period, then the drain sequence and rest periods being repeated until the voltage drops below 1.1 volts.
Claim 118
Dependent Claim
127 words
A primary metal air electrochemical cell, comprising: (a) an anode comprising (i) about 27% to about 45% by weight of an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide and (ii) about 55% by weight to about 73% by weight particles of zinc powder, (iii) about 0.1% to about 0.4%, the percentage being based on the weight of said particles of zinc powder, of a surfactant comprising hydroxyethylcellulose, said particles of zinc powder comprising a first portion thereof generally coated with a surfactant, and a second portion thereof not generally coated with said surfactant, and (iv) sufficient amount of indium in the form of indium compound to enable increased rate of electrochemical output of said anode as a result of the inclusion of said indium; and (b) an air cathode.
Claim 119
Dependent Claim
127 words
A primary metal air electrochemical cell, comprising: (a) an anode comprising (i) about 27% to about 45% by weight of an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide and (ii) about 55% by weight to about 73% by weight particles of zinc powder, (iii) about 0.1% to about 0.4%, the percentage being based on the weight of said particles of zinc powder, of a surfactant comprising hydroxyethylcellulose, said particles of zinc powder comprising a first portion thereof generally coated with a surfactant, and a second portion thereof not generally coated with said surfactant, and (iv) sufficient amount of indium in the form of indium compound to enable increased rate of electrochemical output of said anode as a result of the inclusion of said indium; and (b) an air cathode.
Claim 120
Dependent Claim
31 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 111, said surfactant having been mixed with, and thereby coated onto, said first portion of said zinc powder before addition thereto of said indium compound.
Claim 121
Dependent Claim
27 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 111, the composition of said zinc powder, as incorporated into said anode, being substantially free from functionally detectable amounts of indium.
Claim 122
Dependent Claim
25 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 111, the composition of said zinc powder, as incorporated into said anode, comprising less than 0.01% by weight indium.
Claim 123
Dependent Claim
30 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 111, said zinc powder comprising about 0.02% by weight to about 0.1% by weight lead, based on the overall weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 124
Dependent Claim
42 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 111, said anode comprising about 30% by weight to about 35% by weight of an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide and about 65% by weight to about 70% by weight of said particles of zinc powder.
Claim 125
Dependent Claim
33 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 111, said anode comprising about 0.02% by weight to about 0.5% by weight of said indium, the percentage being based on the weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 126
Dependent Claim
33 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 111, said anode comprising about 0.02% by weight to about 0.5% by weight of said indium, the percentage being based on the weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 127
Dependent Claim
33 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 111, said anode comprising about 0.02% by weight to about 0.5% by weight of said indium, the percentage being based on the weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 128
Dependent Claim
29 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 111, said anode comprising about 1% to about 4% by weight mercury, based on and included in the weight of said zinc powder.
Claim 129
Dependent Claim
28 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 111, said indium compound comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of indium hydroxide, indium sulfate, and indium chloride.
Claim 130
Dependent Claim
45 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 111, said cathode comprising a cathode can, and a cathode assembly in said cathode can, said bottom of said cathode can comprising at least 5 air ports, having a combined open area of at least about 0.00047 square inch.
Claim 131
Dependent Claim
53 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 111, said cathode comprising a cathode can, and a cathode assembly in said cathode can, said bottom of said cathode can comprising at least 5 air ports, having a combined open area of at least about 0.00047 square inch, and no more than about 0.00189 square inch.
Claim 132
Dependent Claim
45 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 111, said cathode can having a bottom, and a cathode assembly in said cathode can, said bottom of said cathode can comprising at least 6 air ports, having a combined open area of at least about 0.001 square inch.
Claim 133
Dependent Claim
239 words
A primary metal air electrochemical cell having a contained volume, comprising: (a) an anode comprising (i) about 30% by weight to about 35% by weight of an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide and (ii) about 65% by weight to about 70% by weight particles of zinc powder, having average particle size of about 100 to about 500 microns, said zinc powder comprising about 0.05% by weight lead, and comprising from zero up to less than 0.01% by weight indium, (iii) about 0.05% by weight to about 0.10% by weight of indium in the form of indium compound, the percentage being based on the weight of said zinc powder, (iv) about 2% to about 3.5% by weight mercury, and (v) about 0.3% to about 0.35%, the percentage being based on the weight of said zinc powder, of a surfactant comprising hydroxyethylcellulose, said particles of zinc powder comprising a first portion thereof generally coated with said surfactant, and a second portion thereof not generally coated with said surfactant; and (b) an air cathode, said air cathode including a cathode assembly received in a cathode can, said cathode can having a bottom, at least 6 air ports extending through said bottom of said cathode can for traversal of cathodic oxygen therethrough and to said cathode assembly, the ratio of the sum of the open areas of all said air ports to the contained volume of said cell being between 0.0117/1 and 0.0473/1.
Claim 134
Dependent Claim
239 words
A primary metal air electrochemical cell having a contained volume, comprising: (a) an anode comprising (i) about 30% by weight to about 35% by weight of an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide and (ii) about 65% by weight to about 70% by weight particles of zinc powder, having average particle size of about 100 to about 500 microns, said zinc powder comprising about 0.05% by weight lead, and comprising from zero up to less than 0.01% by weight indium, (iii) about 0.05% by weight to about 0.10% by weight of indium in the form of indium compound, the percentage being based on the weight of said zinc powder, (iv) about 2% to about 3.5% by weight mercury, and (v) about 0.3% to about 0.35%, the percentage being based on the weight of said zinc powder, of a surfactant comprising hydroxyethylcellulose, said particles of zinc powder comprising a first portion thereof generally coated with said surfactant, and a second portion thereof not generally coated with said surfactant; and (b) an air cathode, said air cathode including a cathode assembly received in a cathode can, said cathode can having a bottom, at least 6 air ports extending through said bottom of said cathode can for traversal of cathodic oxygen therethrough and to said cathode assembly, the ratio of the sum of the open areas of all said air ports to the contained volume of said cell being between 0.0117/1 and 0.0473/1.
Claim 135
Dependent Claim
110 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 125, said air cathode further comprising a cathode assembly in said cathode can, said air cathode comprising an electrochemically active reaction surface area facing said bottom of said cathode can, said electrochemical cell having an electrochemical capacity to deliver power at a watt density of at least about 210 milliwatts per square inch of said reaction surface area at an emf of at least about 1.1 volts at continuous drain under a load of 51 ohms for a period corresponding to a period of at least about 5 hours for a respective such electrochemical cell wherein said contained volume is about 0.04 cubic inch.
Claim 136
Dependent Claim
69 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 125, said electrochemical cell having an electrochemical capacity to deliver at least about 1.1 volts for a period corresponding to a period of at least about 8 hours, for a respective such electrochemical cell wherein the contained volume is about 0.04 cubic inch, when subjected to sequential loads of 37 ohms for 1 second, followed by 370 ohms for 1 second, repeated continuously.
Claim 137
Dependent Claim
99 words
An electrochemical cell as in claim 125, said electrochemical cell having an electrochemical capacity to deliver at least about 1.1 volts for a drain period corresponding to a period of at least about 15 hours, for a respective such electrochemical cell wherein the contained volume is about 0.04 cubic inch, when subjected to sequential loads of 43 ohms for 1 second, followed by 100 ohms for 59 seconds, the above sequence being repeated for 12 hours, followed by a 12 hour rest period, then the drain sequence and rest periods being repeated until the voltage drops below 1.1 volts.
Claim 138
Dependent Claim
191 words
A primary metal air electrochemical cell, comprising: (a) an anode comprising (i) about 27% by weight to about 45% by weight of an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide and (ii) about 55% by weight to about 73% by weight particles of zinc powder, (iii) about 0.2% by weight to about 12% by weight mercury, (iv) about 0.1% by weight to about 0.4% by weight, the percentage being based on the weight of said zinc powder, of a surfactant comprising hydroxyethylcellulose, said particles of zinc powder comprising a mixture made in a process including a mixing step, a first portion of said particles of zinc powder being coated with said surfactant prior to the mixing step, and a second portion of said particles of zinc powder not being coated with said surfactant prior to the mixing step, and (v) about 0.02% by weight to about 0.5% by weight, the percentage being based on the weight of said zinc powder, of a rate-increasing metal compound, said rate increasing metal compound comprising a functionally effective amount of at least one of indium, calcium, gallium, thallium, germanium, tin, and lead; and (b) an air cathode.
Claim 139
Dependent Claim
191 words
A primary metal air electrochemical cell, comprising: (a) an anode comprising (i) about 27% by weight to about 45% by weight of an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide and (ii) about 55% by weight to about 73% by weight particles of zinc powder, (iii) about 0.2% by weight to about 12% by weight mercury, (iv) about 0.1% by weight to about 0.4% by weight, the percentage being based on the weight of said zinc powder, of a surfactant comprising hydroxyethylcellulose, said particles of zinc powder comprising a mixture made in a process including a mixing step, a first portion of said particles of zinc powder being coated with said surfactant prior to the mixing step, and a second portion of said particles of zinc powder not being coated with said surfactant prior to the mixing step, and (v) about 0.02% by weight to about 0.5% by weight, the percentage being based on the weight of said zinc powder, of a rate-increasing metal compound, said rate increasing metal compound comprising a functionally effective amount of at least one of indium, calcium, gallium, thallium, germanium, tin, and lead; and (b) an air cathode.
Claim 140
Dependent Claim
79 words
A combination dry zinc powder composition, comprising: (a) a first zinc component comprising a first portion of particulate zinc powder coated with an additive mixture comprising a surfactant; (b) a second zinc component comprising a second portion of particulate zinc powder not coated with said surfactant; and (c) a modifier comprising particles of compound, selected from the group consisting of indium, calcium, gallium, thallium, germanium, tin, and lead, mixed with said first and second components of particulate zinc powder.
Claim 141
Dependent Claim
79 words
A combination dry zinc powder composition, comprising: (a) a first zinc component comprising a first portion of particulate zinc powder coated with an additive mixture comprising a surfactant; (b) a second zinc component comprising a second portion of particulate zinc powder not coated with said surfactant; and (c) a modifier comprising particles of compound, selected from the group consisting of indium, calcium, gallium, thallium, germanium, tin, and lead, mixed with said first and second components of particulate zinc powder.
Claim 142
Dependent Claim
24 words
A combination dry zinc powder composition as in claim 130, the ratio of said second component to said first component being greater than 1/1.
Claim 143
Dependent Claim
25 words
A combination dry zinc powder composition as in claim 130, the ratio of said second component to said first component being at least about 2/1.
Claim 144
Dependent Claim
31 words
A combination dry zinc powder composition as in claim 130, said first portion of particulate zinc powder being coated with an additive mixture comprising said surfactant, a gelling agent, and MgO.
Claim 145
Dependent Claim
17 words
A combination dry zinc powder composition as in claim 130, said surfactant having active sites comprising hydroxyethylcellulose.
Claim 146
Dependent Claim
42 words
A combination dry zinc powder composition as in claim 130, said modifier comprising particulate indium compound, said indium compound having been mixed with at least said first zinc component after the coating of said first portion of particulate zinc with said surfactant.
Claim 147
Dependent Claim
42 words
A combination dry zinc powder composition as in claim 134, said modifier comprising particulate indium compound, said indium compound having been mixed with at least said first zinc component after the coating of said first portion of particulate zinc with said surfactant.
Claim 148
Dependent Claim
36 words
A combination dry zinc powder composition as in claim 130, said first zinc component comprising 97 parts by weight of said first portion of particulate zinc powder and 3 parts by weight of said additive mixture.
Claim 149
Dependent Claim
21 words
A combination dry zinc powder composition as in claim 130, said surfactant comprising about 1/3 by weight of said additive mixture.
Claim 150
Independent Claim
104 words
A method of making a combination dry zinc powder composition, comprising: (a) making a first zinc component by coating a first portion of particulate zinc powder with a surfactant; (b) mixing with said first zinc component a second zinc component comprising a second portion of particulate zinc powder not coated with the surfactant prior to the mixing of the first and second zinc components, to thereby make a two-part zinc mixture; (c) subsequent to steps (a) and (b), mixing with the two-part zinc mixture, a modifier comprising particles of compound, selected from the group consisting of indium, calcium, gallium, thallium, germanium, tin, and lead.
Claim 151
Independent Claim
104 words
A method of making a combination dry zinc powder composition, comprising: (a) making a first zinc component by coating a first portion of particulate zinc powder with a surfactant; (b) mixing with said first zinc component a second zinc component comprising a second portion of particulate zinc powder not coated with the surfactant prior to the mixing of the first and second zinc components, to thereby make a two-part zinc mixture; (c) subsequent to steps (a) and (b), mixing with the two-part zinc mixture, a modifier comprising particles of compound, selected from the group consisting of indium, calcium, gallium, thallium, germanium, tin, and lead.
Claim 152
Dependent Claim
24 words
A method as in claim 139, the ratio of the second zinc component to the first zinc component being greater than 1/1 by weight.
Claim 153
Dependent Claim
25 words
A method as in claim 139, the ratio of the second zinc component to the first zinc component being at least about 2/1 by weight.
Claim 154
Dependent Claim
27 words
A method as in claim 139, the first portion of particulate zinc powder being coated with an additive mixture comprising the surfactant, a gelling agent, and MgO.
Claim 155
Dependent Claim
14 words
A method as in claim 139 wherein the surfactant has active sites comprising hydroxyethylcellulose.
Claim 156
Dependent Claim
38 words
A method as in claim 139, the modifier comprising particulate indium compound, the indium compound having been mixed with at least the first zinc component after the coating of the first portion of particulate zinc with the surfactant.
Claim 157
Dependent Claim
38 words
A method as in claim 143, the modifier comprising particulate indium compound, the indium compound having been mixed with at least the first zinc component after the coating of the first portion of particulate zinc with the surfactant.
Claim 158
Dependent Claim
32 words
A method as in claim 139, the first zinc component comprising 97 parts by weight of the first portion of particulate zinc powder and 3 parts by weight of the additive mixture.
Claim 159
Dependent Claim
12 words
An electrochemical cell comprising an anode of claim 23, and a cathode.
Claim 160
Dependent Claim
12 words
An electrochemical cell comprising an anode of claim 24, and a cathode.
Claim 161
Dependent Claim
12 words
An electrochemical cell comprising an anode of claim 25, and a cathode.
Claim 162
Dependent Claim
12 words
An electrochemical cell comprising an anode of claim 27, and a cathode.
Claim 163
Dependent Claim
12 words
An electrochemical cell comprising an anode of claim 30, and a cathode.
Claim 164
Dependent Claim
12 words
An electrochemical cell comprising an anode of claim 32, and a cathode.
Claim 165
Dependent Claim
12 words
An electrochemical cell comprising an anode of claim 33, and a cathode.
Claim 166
Dependent Claim
12 words
An electrochemical cell comprising an anode of claim 36, and a cathode.
Claim 167
Dependent Claim
12 words
An electrochemical cell comprising an anode of claim 37, and a cathode.
Claim 168
Dependent Claim
12 words
An electrochemical cell comprising an anode of claim 38, and a cathode.
Claim 169
Dependent Claim
12 words
An electrochemical cell comprising an anode of claim 39, and a cathode.
Claim 170
Dependent Claim
12 words
An electrochemical cell comprising an anode of claim 42, and a cathode.
Claim 171
Dependent Claim
12 words
An electrochemical cell comprising an anode of claim 44, and a cathode.
Claim 172
Dependent Claim
12 words
An electrochemical cell comprising an anode of claim 45, and a cathode.
Claim 173
Dependent Claim
17 words
An electrochemical cell comprising an anode made according to a method of claim 47, and a cathode.
Claim 174
Dependent Claim
17 words
An electrochemical cell comprising an anode made according to a method of claim 49, and a cathode.
Claim 175
Dependent Claim
17 words
An electrochemical cell comprising an anode made according to a method of claim 50, and a cathode.
Claim 176
Dependent Claim
17 words
An electrochemical cell comprising an anode made according to a method of claim 54, and a cathode.
Claim 177
Dependent Claim
27 words
An electrochemical cell having an anode and a cathode, said anode comprising an electrochemically reactive anode material made with a combination dry zinc powder of claim 130.
Claim 178
Dependent Claim
27 words
An electrochemical cell having an anode and a cathode, said anode comprising an electrochemically reactive anode material made with a combination dry zinc powder of claim 131.
Claim 179
Dependent Claim
27 words
An electrochemical cell having an anode and a cathode, said anode comprising an electrochemically reactive anode material made with a combination dry zinc powder of claim 133.
Claim 180
Dependent Claim
27 words
An electrochemical cell having an anode and a cathode, said anode comprising an electrochemically reactive anode material made with a combination dry zinc powder of claim 134.
Claim 181
Dependent Claim
27 words
An electrochemical cell having an anode and a cathode, said anode comprising an electrochemically reactive anode material made with a combination dry zinc powder of claim 135.
Claim 182
Dependent Claim
27 words
An electrochemical cell having an anode and a cathode, said anode comprising an electrochemically reactive anode material made with a combination dry zinc powder of claim 136.
Claim 183
Dependent Claim
32 words
An electrochemical cell having an anode and a cathode, said anode comprising an electrochemically reactive anode material made with a combination dry zinc powder made according to a method of claim 139.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2001-02-23 | 2001-08-25 | 2002-02-24 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2005-02-23 | 2005-08-25 | 2006-02-24 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2009-02-23 | 2009-08-25 | 2010-02-24 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |