US4084047A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Stable alkaline zinc electrode
Assignee: United States Department of the Navy
•
Filing: 1976-11-29
•
Granted: 1978-04-11
•
Expires: 1996-11-29
Abstract
Abstract A zinc electrode containing a minor amount of (a) Tl 2 O 3 , (b) P (c) CdO or mixtures of (d) Tl 2 O 3 and PbO, (e) Tl 2 O 3 and CdO, (f) Tl 2 O 3 and SnO 2 , (g) Tl 2 O 3 and In(OH) 3 , (h) Tl 2 O 3 and Ga 2 O 3 , (i) PbO and CdO, (j) PbO and SnO 2 , (k) PbO and In(OH) 3 , and (l) PbO and Ga 2 O 3 , to reduce "shape change" and hydrogen gassing of the zinc electrode which is used as the anode in an alkaline battery.
Inventors
- 👤 Albert Himy
- 👤 Otto C. Wagner
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-25 17:00
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01M; H01M10/00; H01M10/24; H01M4/00; H01M4/02; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E60/00; Y02E60/10
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 78
Claim 1
Independent Claim
274 words
An zinc electrode comprising a zinc active material and a binary additive mixture selected from the group consisting of: (a) from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Tl 2 O 3 with from about 0.5 to about 10.0 weight percent of PbO; (b) from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Tl 2 O 3 with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of CdO; (c) from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Tl 2 O 3 with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of SnO 2 ; (d) from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Tl 2 O 3 with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of In(OH) 3 ; (e) from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Tl 2 O 3 with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Ga 2 O 3 ; (f) from about 0.5 to about 10.0 weight percent of PbO with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of CdO; (g) from about 0.5 to about 10.0 weight percent of PbO with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of SnO 2 ; (h) from about 0.5 to about 10.0 weight percent of PbO with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of In(OH) 3 ; and (i) from about 0.5 to about 10.0 weight percent of PbO with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Ga 2 O 3 ; wherein the weight percentages are based upon the total weight of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture when the electrode is uncharged.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
274 words
An zinc electrode comprising a zinc active material and a binary additive mixture selected from the group consisting of: (a) from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Tl 2 O 3 with from about 0.5 to about 10.0 weight percent of PbO; (b) from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Tl 2 O 3 with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of CdO; (c) from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Tl 2 O 3 with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of SnO 2 ; (d) from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Tl 2 O 3 with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of In(OH) 3 ; (e) from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Tl 2 O 3 with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Ga 2 O 3 ; (f) from about 0.5 to about 10.0 weight percent of PbO with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of CdO; (g) from about 0.5 to about 10.0 weight percent of PbO with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of SnO 2 ; (h) from about 0.5 to about 10.0 weight percent of PbO with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of In(OH) 3 ; and (i) from about 0.5 to about 10.0 weight percent of PbO with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Ga 2 O 3 ; wherein the weight percentages are based upon the total weight of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture when the electrode is uncharged.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
58 words
A zinc electrode in accordance with claim 1 wherein the binary additive mixture comprises from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Tl 2 O 3 with from about 0.5 to about 10.0 weight percent of PbO, wherein the weight percentages are based upon the total weight of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
30 words
A zinc electrode in accordance with claim 2 wherein Tl 2 O 3 constitutes from 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
28 words
A zinc electrode in accordance with claim 2 wherein the PbO constitutes from 1.0 to 5.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
31 words
A zinc electrode in accordance with claim 4 wherein the Tl 2 O 3 constitutes from 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
35 words
A zinc electrode in accordance with claim 5, wherein Tl 2 O 3 constitutes about 0.5 weight percent and PbO constitutes about 5.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
58 words
A zinc electrode in accordance with claim 1 wherein the binary additive mixture comprises from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Tl 2 O 3 with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of CdO, wherein the weight percentages are based upon the total weight of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
30 words
A zinc electrode in accordance with claim 7 wherein Tl 2 O 3 constitutes from 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
27 words
A zinc electrode in accordance with claim 7 wherein CdO constitutes from 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
30 words
A zinc electrode in accordance with claim 9 wherein Tl 2 O 3 constitutes from 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
60 words
A zinc electrode in accordance with claim 1 wherein the binary additive mixture comprises from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Tl 2 O 3 with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of SnO 2 , wherein the weight percentages are based upon the total weight of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
30 words
A zinc electrode in accordance with claim 11 wherein Tl 2 O 3 constitutes from 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
28 words
A zinc electrode in accordance with claim 11 wherein SnO 2 constitutes from 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
29 words
A zinc electrode in accordance with claim 13 wherein Tl 2 O 3 constitutes from 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus binary additive mixture.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
60 words
A zinc electrode in accordance with claim 1 wherein the binary additive mixture comprises from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Tl 2 O 3 with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of In(OH) 3 , wherein the weight percentages are based upon the total weight of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
31 words
A zinc electrode in accordance with claim 15 wherein the Tl 2 O 3 constitutes from 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
29 words
A zinc electrode in accordance with claim 15 wherein the In(OH) 3 constitutes from 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
31 words
A zinc electrode in accordance with claim 17 wherein the Tl 2 O 3 constitutes from 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
62 words
A zinc electrode in accordance with claim 1 wherein the binary additive mixture comprises from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Tl 2 O 3 with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Ga 2 O 3 , wherein the weight percentages are based upon the total weight of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
30 words
A zinc electrode in accordance with claim 19 wherein Tl 2 O 3 constitutes from 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
30 words
A zinc electrode in accordance with claim 19 wherein Ga 2 O 3 constitutes from 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
30 words
A zinc electrode in accordance with claim 21 wherein Tl 2 O 3 constitutes from 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
55 words
A zinc electrode in accordance with claim 1 wherein the binary additive mixture comprises from about 0.5 to about 10.0 weight percent of PbO with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of CdO, wherein the weight percentages are based upon the total weight of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
27 words
A zinc electrode in accordance with claim 23 wherein PbO constitutes from 1.0 to 5.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
26 words
A zinc electrode according to claim 23 wherein CdO constitutes from 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
26 words
A zinc electrode according to claim 25 wherein PbO constitutes from 1.0 to 5.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
57 words
A zinc electrode in accordance with claim 1 wherein the binary additive mixture comprises from about 0.5 to about 10.0 weight percent of PbO with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of SnO 2 , wherein the weight percentages are based upon the total weight of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
27 words
A zinc electrode in accordance with claim 27 wherein PbO constitutes from 1.0 to 5.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
28 words
A zinc electrode in accordance with claim 27 wherein SnO 2 constitutes from 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
27 words
A zinc electrode in accordance with claim 29, wherein PbO constitutes from 1.0 to 5.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
57 words
A zinc electrode in accordance with claim 1 wherein the binary additive mixture comprises from about 0.5 to about 10.0 weight percent of PbO with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of In(OH) 3 , wherein the weight percentages are based upon the total weight of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
27 words
A zinc electrode in accordance with claim 31 wherein PbO constitutes from 1.0 to 5.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
28 words
A zinc electrode in accordance with claim 31 wherein In(OH) 3 constitutes from 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
27 words
A zinc electrode in accordance with claim 33 wherein PbO constitutes from 1.0 to 5.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
59 words
A zinc electrode in accordance with claim 1 wherein the binary additive mixture comprises from about 0.5 to about 10.0 weight percent of PbO with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Ga 2 O 3 , wherein the weight percentages are based upon the total weight of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
27 words
A zinc electrode in accordance with claim 35 wherein PbO constitutes from 1.0 to 5.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
30 words
A zinc electrode in accordance with claim 35 wherein Ga 2 O 3 constitutes from 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
27 words
A zinc electrode in accordance with claim 37 wherein PbO constitutes from 1.0 to 5.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
299 words
A silver-zinc alkaline battery which comprises a silver cathode, a zinc anode, an alkaline electrolyte, and a separator between the anode and the cathode, the zinc anode containing a zinc active material and a binary additive mixture selected from the group consisting of: (a) from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Tl 2 O 3 with from about 0.5 to about 10.0 weight percent of PbO; (b) from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Tl 2 O 3 with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of CdO; (c) from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Tl 2 O 3 with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of SnO 2 ; (d) from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Tl 2 O 3 with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of In(OH) 3 ; (e) from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Tl 2 O 3 with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Ga 2 O 3 ; (f) from about 0.5 to about 10.0 weight percent of PbO with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of CdO; (g) from about 0.5 to about 10.0 weight percent of PbO with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of SnO 2 ; (h) from about 0.5 to about 10.0 weight percent of PbO with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of In(OH) 3 ; and (i) from about 0.5 to about 10.0 weight percent of PbO with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Ga 2 O 3 ; wherein the weight percentages are based upon the total weight of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture when the zinc anode is uncharged.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
299 words
A silver-zinc alkaline battery which comprises a silver cathode, a zinc anode, an alkaline electrolyte, and a separator between the anode and the cathode, the zinc anode containing a zinc active material and a binary additive mixture selected from the group consisting of: (a) from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Tl 2 O 3 with from about 0.5 to about 10.0 weight percent of PbO; (b) from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Tl 2 O 3 with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of CdO; (c) from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Tl 2 O 3 with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of SnO 2 ; (d) from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Tl 2 O 3 with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of In(OH) 3 ; (e) from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Tl 2 O 3 with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Ga 2 O 3 ; (f) from about 0.5 to about 10.0 weight percent of PbO with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of CdO; (g) from about 0.5 to about 10.0 weight percent of PbO with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of SnO 2 ; (h) from about 0.5 to about 10.0 weight percent of PbO with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of In(OH) 3 ; and (i) from about 0.5 to about 10.0 weight percent of PbO with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Ga 2 O 3 ; wherein the weight percentages are based upon the total weight of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture when the zinc anode is uncharged.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
63 words
A battery in accordance with claim 39 wherein the binary additive mixture comprises from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Tl 2 O 3 with from about 0.5 to about 10.0 weight percent of PbO, wherein the weight percentages are based upon the total weight of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture when the zinc anode is uncharged.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
36 words
A battery in accordance with claim 40 wherein the Tl 2 O 3 constitutes from 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture when the zinc anode is uncharged.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
33 words
A battery in accordance with claim 40 wherein the PbO constitutes from 1.0 to 5.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture when the zinc anode is uncharged.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
36 words
A battery in accordance with claim 42 wherein the Tl 2 O 3 constitutes from 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture when the zinc anode is uncharged.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
40 words
A battery in accordance with claim 43 wherein Tl 2 O 3 constitutes about 0.5 weight percent and PbO constitutes about 1.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture when the zinc anode is uncharged.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
63 words
A battery in accordance with claim 39 wherein the binary additive mixture comprises from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Tl 2 O 3 with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of CdO, wherein the weight percentages are based upon the total weight of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture when the zinc anode is uncharged.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
36 words
A battery in accordance with claim 45 wherein the Tl 2 O 3 constitutes from 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture when the zinc anode is charged.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
33 words
A battery in accordance with claim 45 wherein the CdO constitutes from 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture when the zinc anode is uncharged.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
36 words
A battery in accordance with claim 47 wherein the Tl 2 O 3 constitutes from 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture when the zinc anode is uncharged.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
64 words
A battery in accordance with claim 39 wherein the binary additive mixture comprises from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Tl 2 O 3 with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of SnO 2 , wherein the weight percentages are based upon the total weight of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture when the zinc is uncharged.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
36 words
A battery in accordance with claim 49 wherein the Tl 2 O 3 constitutes from 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture when the zinc anode is uncharged.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
34 words
A battery in accordance with claim 49 wherein the SnO 2 constitutes from 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture when the zinc anode is uncharged.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
36 words
A battery in accordance with claim 51 wherein the Tl 2 O 3 constitutes from 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture when the zinc anode is uncharged.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
65 words
A battery in accordance with claim 39 wherein the binary additive mixture comprises from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Tl 2 O 3 with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of In(OH) 3 , wherein the weight percentages are based upon the total weight of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture when the zinc anode is uncharged.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
36 words
A battery in accordance with claim 53 wherein the Tl 2 O 3 constitutes from 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture when the zinc anode is uncharged.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
34 words
A battery in accordance with claim 53 wherein the In(OH) 3 constitutes from 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture when the zinc anode is uncharged.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
36 words
A battery in accordance with claim 55 wherein the Tl 2 O 3 constitutes from 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plug the binary additive mixture when the zinc anode is uncharged.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
67 words
A battery in accordance with claim 39 wherein the binary additive mixture comprises from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Tl 2 O 3 with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Ga 2 O 3 , wherein the weight percentages are based upon the total weight of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture when the zinc anode is uncharged.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
36 words
A battery in accordance with claim 57 wherein the Tl 2 O 3 constitutes from 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture when the zinc anode is uncharged.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
36 words
A battery in accordance with claim 57 wherein the Ga 2 O 3 constitutes from 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture when the zinc anode is uncharged.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
36 words
A battery in accordance with claim 59 wherein the Tl 2 O 3 constitutes from 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture when the zinc anode is uncharged.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
60 words
A battery in accordance with claim 39 wherein the binary additive mixture comprises from about 0.5 to about 10.0 weight percent of PbO with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of CdO, wherein the weight percentages are based upon the total weight of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture when the zinc anode is uncharged.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
33 words
A battery in accordance with claim 61 wherein the PbO constitutes from 1.0 to 5.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture when the zinc anode is uncharged.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
33 words
A battery in accordance with claim 61 wherein the CdO constitutes from 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture when the zinc anpode is uncharged.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
33 words
A battery in accordance with claim 63 wherein the PbO constitutes from 1.0 to 5.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture when the zinc anode is uncharged.
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
61 words
A battery in accordance with claim 39 wherein the binary additive mixture comprises from about 0.5 to about 10.0 weight percent of PbO with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of SnO 2 , wherein the weight percentages are based upon the total weight of the zinc active material plus the binary mixture when the zinc anode is uncharged.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
33 words
A battery in accordance with claim 65 wherein the PbO constitutes from 1.0 to 5.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture when the zinc anode is uncharged.
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
34 words
A battery in accordance with claim 65 wherein the SnO 2 constitutes from 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture when the zinc anode is uncharged.
Claim 70
Dependent Claim
32 words
A battery in accordance with claim 67 wherein PbO constitutes from 1.0 to 5.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture when the zinc anode is uncharged.
Claim 71
Dependent Claim
62 words
A battery in accordance with claim 39 wherein the binary additive mixture comprises from about 0.5 to about 10.0 weight percent of PbO with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of In(OH) 3 , wherein the weight percentages are based upon the total weight of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture when the zinc anode is uncharged.
Claim 72
Dependent Claim
32 words
A battery in accordance with claim 69 wherein PbO constitutes from 1.0 to 5.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture when the zinc anode is uncharged.
Claim 73
Dependent Claim
33 words
A battery in accordance with claim 69 wherein In(OH) 3 constitutes from 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture when the zinc anode is uncharged.
Claim 74
Dependent Claim
32 words
A battery in accordance with claim 71 wherein PbO constitutes from 1.0 to 5.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture when the zinc anode is uncharged.
Claim 75
Dependent Claim
64 words
A battery in accordance with claim 39 wherein the binary additive mixture comprises from about 0.5 to about 10.0 weight percent of PbO with from about 0.1 to about 5.0 weight percent of Ga 2 O 3 , wherein the weight percentages are based upon the total weight of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture when the zinc anode is uncharged.
Claim 76
Dependent Claim
32 words
A battery in accordance with claim 73 wherein PbO constitutes from 1.0 to 5.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture when the zinc anode is uncharged.
Claim 77
Dependent Claim
34 words
A battery in accordance with claim 73 wherein Ga 2 O 3 constitutes from 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus binary additive mixture when the zinc anode is uncharged.
Claim 78
Dependent Claim
32 words
A battery in accordance with claim 75 wherein PbO constitutes from 1.0 to 5.0 weight percent of the zinc active material plus the binary additive mixture when the zinc anode is uncharged.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1981-04-10 | 1981-10-10 | 1982-04-11 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1985-04-10 | 1985-10-10 | 1986-04-11 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1989-04-10 | 1989-10-10 | 1990-04-11 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |