Patent US5945878A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US5945878A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Single-ended to differential converter
Assignee: Apple Inc
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Filing: 1998-02-17
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Granted: 1999-08-31
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Expires: 2018-02-17
Abstract
Abstract A single-ended to differential converter (400, 500) has an input terminal (418, 518) which is adapted to be coupled to an inductance (412, 512). A first transistor (402, 502) which terminates an input signal received at the input terminal according to its transconductance has a first current electrode coupled to the input terminal. A second current electrode of the first transistor (402, 502) outputs one current of a differential output current. A second transistor (404, 504) has a control electrode coupled to the input terminal, a first current electrode coupled to a signal ground terminal, and a second current electrode for providing another current of the differential output current. Bias circuits bias the control electrodes of the first (402, 502) and second (404, 504) transistors to maintain the same DC currents through their current electrodes. The single-ended to differential converter (400, 500) reflects the noise produced by the first transistor (402, 502) in the second transistor (404, 504), and this common-mode noise can be rejected in a subsequent stage.
Inventors
- 👤 Alan Lee Westwick
- 👤 Kevin Bruce Traylor
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-04 09:26
CPC Classifications
H; H03; H03F; H03F3/00; H03F3/26; H03F3/265; H03F3/189; H03F3/19; H03F3/193; H03F2200/00; H03F2200/492
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 22
Claim 1
Independent Claim
181 words
A single-ended to differential converter comprising: an input terminal for receiving an input voltage and adapted to be coupled to an inductance which exists between said input terminal and a first signal ground; a first transistor having a first current electrode coupled to the input terminal, a control electrode, and a second current electrode for providing a first current output signal; a second transistor having a first current electrode coupled to a second signal ground, a control electrode coupled to the input terminal, and a second current electrode for providing a second current output signal, wherein said first and second current output signals form a differential current therebetween representative of an input voltage signal on the input terminal; a first bias circuit coupled to said control electrode of said first transistor, wherein said first bias circuit biases said control electrode of said first transistor to have a predetermined transconductance; and a second bias circuit coupled to said control electrode of said second transistor, wherein said second bias circuit biases said control electrode of said second transistor to have said predetermined transconductance.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
181 words
A single-ended to differential converter comprising: an input terminal for receiving an input voltage and adapted to be coupled to an inductance which exists between said input terminal and a first signal ground; a first transistor having a first current electrode coupled to the input terminal, a control electrode, and a second current electrode for providing a first current output signal; a second transistor having a first current electrode coupled to a second signal ground, a control electrode coupled to the input terminal, and a second current electrode for providing a second current output signal, wherein said first and second current output signals form a differential current therebetween representative of an input voltage signal on the input terminal; a first bias circuit coupled to said control electrode of said first transistor, wherein said first bias circuit biases said control electrode of said first transistor to have a predetermined transconductance; and a second bias circuit coupled to said control electrode of said second transistor, wherein said second bias circuit biases said control electrode of said second transistor to have said predetermined transconductance.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
38 words
The single-ended to differential converter of claim 1 wherein said first bias circuit comprises: a resistor having a first terminal for receiving a reference voltage, and a second terminal coupled to said control electrode of said first transistor.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
40 words
The single-ended to differential converter of claim 2 wherein said first bias circuit further comprises: a capacitor having a first terminal coupled to said control electrode of said first transistor, and a second terminal coupled to a third signal ground.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
38 words
The single-ended to differential converter of claim 1 wherein said second bias circuit comprises: a resistor having a first terminal for receiving a reference voltage, and a second terminal coupled to said control electrode of said second transistor.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
41 words
The single-ended to differential converter of claim 1 further comprising: a coupling capacitor having a first terminal coupled to the input terminal of the single-ended to differential converter, and a second terminal coupled to said control electrode of said second transistor.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
20 words
The single-ended to differential converter of claim 1 wherein said first signal ground is equal to said second signal ground.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
22 words
The single-ended to differential converter of claim 1 wherein said first transistor and said second transistor each comprises a field effect transistor.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
22 words
The single-ended to differential converter of claim 1 wherein said first transistor and said second transistor each comprises a bipolar junction transistor.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
50 words
The single-ended to differential converter of claim 1 wherein said first current electrode of said first transistor is coupled through a first impedance element to the input terminal, and wherein said first current electrode of said second transistor is coupled through a second impedance element to said second signal ground.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
27 words
The single-ended to differential converter of claim 9 wherein each of said first and second impedance elements comprises a selected one of a resistor and an inductor.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
67 words
The single-ended to differential converter of claim 1 further comprising a mixer having first and second input terminals coupled to said second current electrode of said first transistor and to said second current electrode of said second transistor, respectively, first and second mixing signal input terminals for respectively receiving first and second mixing signals, and first and second output terminals for providing a differential mixed signal therefrom.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
24 words
The single-ended to differential converter of claim 1 wherein said input terminal of the single-ended to differential converter comprises an integrated circuit bonding pad.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
182 words
A single-ended to differential converter comprising: an inductance element having a first terminal coupled to an input terminal of the single-ended to differential converter, and a second terminal coupled to a first signal ground; a first transistor having a first current electrode coupled to the input terminal, a control electrode, and a second current electrode for providing a first current output signal; a second transistor having a first current electrode coupled to a second signal ground, a control electrode coupled to the input terminal, and a second current electrode for providing a second current output signal, wherein said first and second current output signals form a differential current therebetween representative of an input voltage signal on the input terminal; a first bias circuit coupled to said control electrode of said first transistor, wherein said first bias circuit biases said control electrode of said first transistor to have a predetermined transconductance; and a second bias circuit coupled to said control electrode of said second transistor, wherein said second bias circuit biases said control electrode of said second transistor to have said predetermined transconductance.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
182 words
A single-ended to differential converter comprising: an inductance element having a first terminal coupled to an input terminal of the single-ended to differential converter, and a second terminal coupled to a first signal ground; a first transistor having a first current electrode coupled to the input terminal, a control electrode, and a second current electrode for providing a first current output signal; a second transistor having a first current electrode coupled to a second signal ground, a control electrode coupled to the input terminal, and a second current electrode for providing a second current output signal, wherein said first and second current output signals form a differential current therebetween representative of an input voltage signal on the input terminal; a first bias circuit coupled to said control electrode of said first transistor, wherein said first bias circuit biases said control electrode of said first transistor to have a predetermined transconductance; and a second bias circuit coupled to said control electrode of said second transistor, wherein said second bias circuit biases said control electrode of said second transistor to have said predetermined transconductance.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
24 words
The single-ended to differential converter of claim 13 wherein the single-ended to differential converter is formed as part of a single monolithic integrated circuit.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
24 words
The single-ended to differential converter of claim 13 wherein said input terminal of the single-ended to differential converter comprises an integrated circuit bonding pad.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
22 words
The single-ended to differential converter of claim 13 wherein said first transistor and said second transistor each comprises a field effect transistor.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
22 words
The single-ended to differential converter of claim 13 wherein said first transistor and said second transistor each comprises a bipolar junction transistor.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
50 words
The single-ended to differential converter of claim 13 wherein said first current electrode of said first transistor is coupled through a first impedance element to the input terminal, and wherein said first current electrode of said second transistor is coupled through a second impedance element to said second signal ground.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
27 words
The single-ended to differential converter of claim 18 wherein each of said first and second impedance elements comprises a selected one of a resistor and an inductor.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
67 words
The single-ended to differential converter of claim 13 further comprising a mixer having first and second input terminals coupled to said second current electrode of said first transistor and to said second current electrode of said second transistor, respectively, first and second mixing signal input terminals for respectively receiving first and second mixing signals, and first and second output terminals for providing a differential mixed signal therefrom.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2002-08-30 | 2003-03-01 | 2003-08-31 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2006-08-30 | 2007-03-01 | 2007-08-31 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2010-08-30 | 2011-03-01 | 2011-08-31 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |