Active matrix LCD device hang a light shielding layer with particular rubbing directions

Claim 2

A liquid crystal display device comprising: a first substrate rubbed in a first direction; a second substrate rubbed in a second direction different from the first direction. said second substrate being parallel to said first substrate; and a liquid crystal material filling space between said first and second substrates, said first substrate being provided, for each picture element, with a picture element electrode and a light shielding layer which has an opening located inside an outer periphery of said picture element electrode as observed from a direction perpendicular to said first and second substrates, and said light shielding layer being designed so that, with regard to the first direction, the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said first substrate is started to an outer periphery of the opening is set larger than the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where the rubbing of said first substrate is ended to the outer periphery of the opening, and, with regard to the second direction, the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said second substrate is started to the outer periphery of the opening is set smaller than the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said second substrate is ended to the outer periphery of the opening, as observed from a direction perpendicular to said first and second substrates.

Claim 3

A liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein said first and second directions are orthogonal to each other.

Claim 4

A liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the distance between said first substrate and said second substrate is set in a range of 2 to 5 μm.

Claim 5

A liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein, if the distance between said first substrate and said second substrate is g, then the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said first substrate is started to said outer periphery of the opening is set to 5/4 g, and the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said first substrate is ended to said outer periphery of the opening is set to 4/5 g, with regard to the first direction.

Claim 6

A liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein, if the distance between said first substrate and said second substrate is g, then the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said second substrate is started to said outer periphery of the opening is set to 1/2 g, and the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said second substrate is ended to said outer periphery of the opening is set to 3/4 g, with regard to the second direction.

Claim 7

A liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein said second substrate has a common electrode.

Claim 8

A liquid crystal display device, comprising: a first substrate rubbed in a first direction; a second substrate rubbed in a second direction different from the first direction, said second substrate being parallel to said first substrate; and a liquid crystal material filling space between said first and second substrates, said first substrate being provided, for each picture element, with a picture element electrode and a light shielding layer which has an opening located inside an outer periphery of said picture element electrode as observed from a direction perpendicular to said first and second substrates, and said light shielding layer being designed so that, with regard to the first direction, the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said first substrate is started to an outer periphery of the opening is set larder than the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where the rubbing of said first substrate is ended to the outer periphery of the opening, and, with regard to the second direction, the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said second substrate is started to the outer periphery of the opening is set smaller than the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said second substrate is ended to the outer periphery of the opening, as observed from a direction perpendicular to said first and second substrates. wherein the distance between said first substrate and said second substrate is set in a range of 2 to 5 μm and wherein the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said first substrate is started to said periphery of the opening is set in a range of 2.5 to 64 μm, and the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said first substrate is ended to said outer periphery of the opening is set in a range of 1.5 to 4 μm, with regard to the first direction.

Claim 9

A liquid crystal display device, comprising: a first substrate rubbed in a first direction; a second substrate rubbed in a second direction different from the first direction, said second substrate being parallel to said first substrate; and a liquid crystal material filling space between said first and second substrates, said first substrate being provided, for each picture element, with a picture element electrode and a light shielding layer which has an opening located inside an outer periphery of said picture element electrode as observed from a direction perpendicular to said first and second substrates, and said light shielding layer being designed so that, with regard to the first direction, the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said first substrate is started to an outer periphery of the opening is set larder than the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where the rubbing of said first substrate is ended to the outer periphery of the opening, and, with regard to the second direction, the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said second substrate is started to the outer periphery of the opening is set smaller than the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said second substrate is ended to the outer periphery of the opening, as observed from a direction perpendicular to said first and second substrates. wherein the distance between said first substrate and said second substrate is set in a range of 2 to 5 μm and wherein the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said first substrate is started to said periphery of the opening is set in a range of 2.5 to 64 μm, and the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said first substrate is ended to said outer periphery of the opening is set in a range of 1.5 to 4 μm, with regard to the first direction.

Claim 10

A liquid crystal display device, comprising: a first substrate rubbed in a first direction; a second substrate rubbed in a second direction different from the first direction, said second substrate being parallel to said first substrate; and a liquid crystal material filling space between said first and second substrates, said first substrate being provided, for each picture element, with a picture element electrode and a light shielding layer which has an opening located inside an outer periphery of said picture element electrode as observed from a direction perpendicular to said first and second substrates, and said light shielding layer being designed so that, with regard to the first direction, the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said first substrate is started to an outer periphery of the opening is set larger than the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where the rubbing of said first substrate is ended to the outer periphery of the opening. and, with regard to the second direction, the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said second substrate is started to the outer periphery of the opening is set smaller than the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said second substrate is ended to the outer periphery of the opening, as observed from a direction perpendicular to said first and second substrates, wherein the distance between said first substrate and said second substrate is set in a range of 2 to 5 μm and wherein the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said second substrate is started to said outer periphery of the opening is set in a range of 1 to 3 μm, and the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said second substrate is ended to said outer periphery of the opening is set in a range of 2 to 4 μm, with regard to the second direction.

Claim 11

A liquid crystal display device, comprising: a first substrate rubbed in a first direction; a second substrate rubbed in a second direction different from the first direction, said second substrate being parallel to said first substrate; and a liquid crystal material filling space between said first and second substrates, said first substrate being provided, for each picture element, with a picture element electrode and a light shielding layer which has an opening located inside an outer periphery of said picture element electrode as observed from a direction perpendicular to said first and second substrates, and said light shielding layer being designed so that, with regard to the first direction, the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said first substrate is started to an outer periphery of the opening is set larger than the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where the rubbing of said first substrate is ended to the outer periphery of the opening. and, with regard to the second direction, the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said second substrate is started to the outer periphery of the opening is set smaller than the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said second substrate is ended to the outer periphery of the opening, as observed from a direction perpendicular to said first and second substrates, wherein the distance between said first substrate and said second substrate is set in a range of 2 to 5 μm and wherein the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said second substrate is started to said outer periphery of the opening is set in a range of 1 to 3 μm, and the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said second substrate is ended to said outer periphery of the opening is set in a range of 2 to 4 μm, with regard to the second direction.

Claim 12

A liquid crystal display device comprising: a first substrate, rubbed in a first direction, on which plural picture element electrodes are arranged in plural rows and columns, and a light shielding layer having an opening located inside an outer periphery of said picture element electrode and a data line to which each of said picture element electrodes on a same column is connected are arranged, wherein groups of said picture element electrodes arranged in each of said rows adjoining each other are alternately arranged; a second substrate rubbed in a second direction different from the first direction, said second substrate being parallel to said first substrate; and a liquid crystal material filing space between said first and second substrates, wherein said picture element electrodes arranged on even-numbered ones of said rows and those arranged on odd-numbered ones of said rows are connected to said data line at respective sides opposite to each other, and each of said picture element electrodes and openings are structured so that, with regard to the first direction, the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said first substrate is started to an outer periphery of the opening is set larger than the distance from the outer periphery of said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said first substrate is ended to the outer periphery of the opening, and with regard to the second direction, the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said second substrate is started to the outer periphery of the opening is set smaller than the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said second substrate is ended to the outer periphery of the opening, as observed from a direction perpendicular to said first and second substrates.

Claim 13

A liquid crystal display device comprising: a first substrate, rubbed in a first direction, on which plural picture element electrodes are arranged in plural rows and columns, and a light shielding layer having an opening located inside an outer periphery of said picture element electrode and a data line to which each of said picture element electrodes on a same column is connected are arranged, wherein groups of said picture element electrodes arranged in each of said rows adjoining each other are alternately arranged; a second substrate rubbed in a second direction different from the first direction, said second substrate being parallel to said first substrate; and a liquid crystal material filing space between said first and second substrates, wherein said picture element electrodes arranged on even-numbered ones of said rows and those arranged on odd-numbered ones of said rows are connected to said data line at respective sides opposite to each other, and each of said picture element electrodes and openings are structured so that, with regard to the first direction, the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said first substrate is started to an outer periphery of the opening is set larger than the distance from the outer periphery of said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said first substrate is ended to the outer periphery of the opening, and with regard to the second direction, the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said second substrate is started to the outer periphery of the opening is set smaller than the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said second substrate is ended to the outer periphery of the opening, as observed from a direction perpendicular to said first and second substrates.

Claim 14

A liquid crystal display device according to claim 9, wherein said first and second directions are orthogonal to each other.

Claim 15

A liquid crystal display device according to claim 9, wherein the distance between said first substrate and said second substrate is set in a range of 2 to 5 μm.

Claim 16

A liquid crystal display device according to claim 9, wherein, if the distance between said first substrate and said second substrate is g, then the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said second substrate is started to said outer periphery of the opening is set to 1/2 g, and the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said second substrate is ended to said outer periphery of the opening is set to 3/4 g, with regard to the second direction.

Claim 17

A liquid crystal display device according to claim 9, wherein said second substrate has a common electrode.

Claim 18

A liquid crystal display device according to claim 9, wherein each said picture element electrode is connected to the data line via a switching element.

Claim 19

A liquid crystal display device according to claim 14, wherein said switching element comprises a transistor.

Claim 20

A liquid crystal display device, comprising: a first substrate. rubbed in a first direction, on which plural picture element electrodes are arranged in plural rows and columns. and a light shielding layer having an opening located inside an outer periphery of said picture element electrode and a data line to which each of said picture element electrodes on a same column is connected are arranged, wherein groups of said picture element electrodes arranged in each of said rows adjoining each other are alternately arranged; a second substrate rubbed in a second direction different from the first direction, said second substrate being parallel to said first substrate; and a liquid crystal material filing space between said first and second substrates, wherein said picture element electrodes arranged on even-numbered ones of said rows and those arranged on odd-numbered ones of said rows are connected to said data line at respective sides opposite to each other, and each of said picture element electrodes and openings are structured so that, with regard to the first direction, the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said first substrate is started to an outer periphery of the opening is set larger than the distance from the outer periphery of said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said first substrate is ended to the outer periphery of the opening, and with regard to the second direction, the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said second substrate is started to the outer periphery of the opening is set smaller than the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said second substrate is ended to the outer periphery of the opening, as observed from a direction perpendicular to said first and second substrates, wherein the distance between said first substrate and said second substrate is set in a range of 2 to 5 μm and wherein the distance from the outer periphery of said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said first substrate is started to said outer periphery of the opening is set in a range of 2.5 to 6 μm, and the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said first substrate is ended to said outer periphery of the opening is set in a range of 1.5 to 4 μm, with regard to the first direction.

Claim 21

A liquid crystal display device, comprising: a first substrate. rubbed in a first direction, on which plural picture element electrodes are arranged in plural rows and columns. and a light shielding layer having an opening located inside an outer periphery of said picture element electrode and a data line to which each of said picture element electrodes on a same column is connected are arranged, wherein groups of said picture element electrodes arranged in each of said rows adjoining each other are alternately arranged; a second substrate rubbed in a second direction different from the first direction, said second substrate being parallel to said first substrate; and a liquid crystal material filing space between said first and second substrates, wherein said picture element electrodes arranged on even-numbered ones of said rows and those arranged on odd-numbered ones of said rows are connected to said data line at respective sides opposite to each other, and each of said picture element electrodes and openings are structured so that, with regard to the first direction, the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said first substrate is started to an outer periphery of the opening is set larger than the distance from the outer periphery of said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said first substrate is ended to the outer periphery of the opening, and with regard to the second direction, the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said second substrate is started to the outer periphery of the opening is set smaller than the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said second substrate is ended to the outer periphery of the opening, as observed from a direction perpendicular to said first and second substrates, wherein the distance between said first substrate and said second substrate is set in a range of 2 to 5 μm and wherein the distance from the outer periphery of said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said first substrate is started to said outer periphery of the opening is set in a range of 2.5 to 6 μm, and the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said first substrate is ended to said outer periphery of the opening is set in a range of 1.5 to 4 μm, with regard to the first direction.

Claim 22

A liquid crystal display device, comprising: a first substrate. rubbed in a first direction, on which plural picture element electrodes are arranged in plural rows and columns, and a light shielding layer having an opening located inside an outer periphery of said picture element electrode and a data line to which each of said picture element electrodes on a same column is connected are arranged, wherein groups of said picture element electrodes arranged in each of said rows adjoining each other are alternately arranged; a second substrate rubbed in a second direction different from the first direction, said second substrate being parallel to said first substrate; and a liquid crystal material filing space between said first and second substrates, wherein said picture element electrodes arranged on even-numbered ones of said rows and those arranged on odd-numbered ones of said rows are connected to said data line at respective sides opposite to each other, and each of said picture element electrodes and openings are structured so that, with regard to the first direction, the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said first substrate is started to an outer periphery of the opening is set larger than the distance from the outer periphery of said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said first substrate is ended to the outer periphery of the opening, and with regard to the second direction, the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said second substrate is started to the outer periphery of the opening is set smaller than the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said second substrate is ended to the outer periphery of the opening, as observed from a direction perpendicular to said first and second substrates, wherein the distance between said first substrate and said second substrate is set in a range of 2 to 5 μm and wherein the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said second substrate is started to said outer periphery of the opening is set in a range of 1 to 3 μm, and the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said second substrate is ended to said outer periphery of the opening is set in a range of 2 to 4 μm, with regard to the second direction.

Claim 23

A liquid crystal display device, comprising: a first substrate. rubbed in a first direction, on which plural picture element electrodes are arranged in plural rows and columns, and a light shielding layer having an opening located inside an outer periphery of said picture element electrode and a data line to which each of said picture element electrodes on a same column is connected are arranged, wherein groups of said picture element electrodes arranged in each of said rows adjoining each other are alternately arranged; a second substrate rubbed in a second direction different from the first direction, said second substrate being parallel to said first substrate; and a liquid crystal material filing space between said first and second substrates, wherein said picture element electrodes arranged on even-numbered ones of said rows and those arranged on odd-numbered ones of said rows are connected to said data line at respective sides opposite to each other, and each of said picture element electrodes and openings are structured so that, with regard to the first direction, the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said first substrate is started to an outer periphery of the opening is set larger than the distance from the outer periphery of said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said first substrate is ended to the outer periphery of the opening, and with regard to the second direction, the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said second substrate is started to the outer periphery of the opening is set smaller than the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said second substrate is ended to the outer periphery of the opening, as observed from a direction perpendicular to said first and second substrates, wherein the distance between said first substrate and said second substrate is set in a range of 2 to 5 μm and wherein the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said second substrate is started to said outer periphery of the opening is set in a range of 1 to 3 μm, and the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said second substrate is ended to said outer periphery of the opening is set in a range of 2 to 4 μm, with regard to the second direction.

Claim 24

A liquid crystal display device, comprising: a first substrate, rubbed in a first direction, on which plural picture element electrodes are arranged in plural rows and columns, and a light shielding layer having an opening located inside an outer periphery of said picture element electrode and a data line to which each of said picture element electrodes on a same column is connected are arranged. wherein groups of said picture element electrodes arranged in each of said rows adjoining each other are alternately arranged; a second substrate rubbed in a second direction different from the first direction, said second substrate being parallel to said first substrate; and a liquid crystal material filing space between said first and second substrates, wherein said picture element electrodes arranged on even-numbered ones of said rows and those arranged on odd-numbered ones of said rows are connected to said data line at respective sides opposite to each other, and each of said picture element electrodes and openings are structured so that, with regard to the first direction, the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said first substrate is started to an outer periphery of the opening is set larger than the distance from the outer periphery of said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said first substrate is ended to the outer periphery of the opening, and with regard to the second direction, the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said second substrate is started to the outer periphery of the opening is set smaller than the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said second substrate is ended to the outer periphery of the opening, as observed from a direction perpendicular to said first and second substrates, wherein, if the distance between said first substrate and said second substrate is g, then the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said first substrate is started to said outer periphery of the opening is set to 5/4 g, and the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said first substrate is ended to said outer periphery of the opening is set to 4/5 g, with regard to the first direction.

Claim 25

A liquid crystal display device, comprising: a first substrate, rubbed in a first direction, on which plural picture element electrodes are arranged in plural rows and columns, and a light shielding layer having an opening located inside an outer periphery of said picture element electrode and a data line to which each of said picture element electrodes on a same column is connected are arranged. wherein groups of said picture element electrodes arranged in each of said rows adjoining each other are alternately arranged; a second substrate rubbed in a second direction different from the first direction, said second substrate being parallel to said first substrate; and a liquid crystal material filing space between said first and second substrates, wherein said picture element electrodes arranged on even-numbered ones of said rows and those arranged on odd-numbered ones of said rows are connected to said data line at respective sides opposite to each other, and each of said picture element electrodes and openings are structured so that, with regard to the first direction, the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said first substrate is started to an outer periphery of the opening is set larger than the distance from the outer periphery of said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said first substrate is ended to the outer periphery of the opening, and with regard to the second direction, the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said second substrate is started to the outer periphery of the opening is set smaller than the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said second substrate is ended to the outer periphery of the opening, as observed from a direction perpendicular to said first and second substrates, wherein, if the distance between said first substrate and said second substrate is g, then the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said first substrate is started to said outer periphery of the opening is set to 5/4 g, and the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said first substrate is ended to said outer periphery of the opening is set to 4/5 g, with regard to the first direction.

Claim 26

A liquid crystal display device comprising: a first substrate, rubbed in a first direction, on which are arranged plural picture element electrodes arranged in plural rows and columns, a light shielding layer having an opening in correspondence to each of said picture element electrodes, each opening being located inside an outer periphery of the corresponding one of said picture element electrodes, a transistor connected to each of said picture element electrodes, a signal line to which each of said picture element electrodes on a same column is connected, and a gate line to which each of said transistors on a same row is connected; a second substrate rubbed in a second direction different from the first direction, said second substrate being parallel to said first substrate; and a liquid crystal material filling space between said first and second substrates, wherein the wiring pattern of said signal line and said gate line and the pattern of said transistors arranged on even-numbered ones of said rows are of a shape laterally reversed from those arranged on odd-numbered ones of said rows, and the positional relationship between said picture element electrode arranged on an even-numbered row and said opening arranged on the even-numbered row is identical to that between said picture element electrode arranged on an odd-numbered row and said opening arranged on the odd-numbered row, and each of said picture element electrodes and openings are structured so that, with regard to the first direction, the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode of a side where rubbing of said first substrate is started to an outer periphery of the opening is set larger than the distance from the outer periphery of said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said first substrate is ended to the outer periphery of the opening, and with regard to the second direction, the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode of a side where rubbing of said second substrate is started to the outer periphery of the opening is set smaller than the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said second substrate is ended to the outer periphery of the opening, as observed from a direction perpendicular to said first and second substrates.

Claim 27

A liquid crystal display device comprising: a first substrate, rubbed in a first direction, on which are arranged plural picture element electrodes arranged in plural rows and columns, a light shielding layer having an opening in correspondence to each of said picture element electrodes, each opening being located inside an outer periphery of the corresponding one of said picture element electrodes, a transistor connected to each of said picture element electrodes, a signal line to which each of said picture element electrodes on a same column is connected, and a gate line to which each of said transistors on a same row is connected; a second substrate rubbed in a second direction different from the first direction, said second substrate being parallel to said first substrate; and a liquid crystal material filling space between said first and second substrates, wherein the wiring pattern of said signal line and said gate line and the pattern of said transistors arranged on even-numbered ones of said rows are of a shape laterally reversed from those arranged on odd-numbered ones of said rows, and the positional relationship between said picture element electrode arranged on an even-numbered row and said opening arranged on the even-numbered row is identical to that between said picture element electrode arranged on an odd-numbered row and said opening arranged on the odd-numbered row, and each of said picture element electrodes and openings are structured so that, with regard to the first direction, the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode of a side where rubbing of said first substrate is started to an outer periphery of the opening is set larger than the distance from the outer periphery of said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said first substrate is ended to the outer periphery of the opening, and with regard to the second direction, the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode of a side where rubbing of said second substrate is started to the outer periphery of the opening is set smaller than the distance from the outer periphery of each said picture element electrode on a side where rubbing of said second substrate is ended to the outer periphery of the opening, as observed from a direction perpendicular to said first and second substrates.