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US5887397A Expired / Lapsed US ⏱️ 0.0 years remaining

Aerodynamically stable roof system and ballast blocks

Assignee: Individual
•
Filing: 1994-12-29
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Granted: 1999-03-30
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Expires: 2014-12-29
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Abstract

Abstract A protected-membrane roof paving system (10) and blocks (12) for use therein. Rectangular ballast blocks (12) are laid in rows. The blocks (12) have channels providing for drainage and equalization of air pressure above and below the blocks (12) under adverse wind conditions.

Inventors

  • 👤 John Repasky

Bibliographic Details

Application Number —
Jurisdiction US
Data Source google_patents
Last Synchronized 2026-11-07 05:06
CPC Classifications
E; E04; E04D; E04D13/00; E04D13/04; E04D13/0404; E04D13/0477; E04D11/00

Claims Analysis

Total Claims: 33
Claim 1
Independent Claim 141 words
An aerodynamically stable roof ballast system for protecting a membrane type roof, said system comprising a plurality of blocks superposed on said roof in lateral relation, each of said blocks having a body with a top side, a bottom side and leg means for spacing said bottom side from said roof to define a chamber therebetween, each block also having channel means providing fluid communication between said block top side and said chamber for enabling any aerodynamically induced pressure differential across said blocks to be equalized while permitting fluid to drain through said blocks to said chamber above said roof, said channel means being provided at selected locations between laterally abutting blocks and including means forming a plurality of labyrinth side channels disposed between adjacent blocks at said selected locations, whereby the ballast system is aerodynamically stable in unusual wind conditions.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim 141 words
An aerodynamically stable roof ballast system for protecting a membrane type roof, said system comprising a plurality of blocks superposed on said roof in lateral relation, each of said blocks having a body with a top side, a bottom side and leg means for spacing said bottom side from said roof to define a chamber therebetween, each block also having channel means providing fluid communication between said block top side and said chamber for enabling any aerodynamically induced pressure differential across said blocks to be equalized while permitting fluid to drain through said blocks to said chamber above said roof, said channel means being provided at selected locations between laterally abutting blocks and including means forming a plurality of labyrinth side channels disposed between adjacent blocks at said selected locations, whereby the ballast system is aerodynamically stable in unusual wind conditions.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim 160 words
An aerodynamically stable roof ballast system for protecting a membrane type roof, said system comprising a plurality of blocks superposed on said roof in lateral relation, each of said blocks having a body with a top side, a bottom side and leg means for spacing said bottom side from said roof to define a chamber therebetween, each block also having channel means providing fluid communication between said block top side and said chamber for enabling any aerodynamically induced pressure differential across said blocks to be equalized while permitting fluid to drain through said blocks to said chamber above said roof, said channel means being provided at selected locations within said body of each of said blocks, extending at an angle between said top side and said bottom side, and providing in said top side an aperture that is vertically offset from an aperture it provides in said bottom side, whereby the ballast system is aerodynamically stable in unusual wind conditions.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim 160 words
An aerodynamically stable roof ballast system for protecting a membrane type roof, said system comprising a plurality of blocks superposed on said roof in lateral relation, each of said blocks having a body with a top side, a bottom side and leg means for spacing said bottom side from said roof to define a chamber therebetween, each block also having channel means providing fluid communication between said block top side and said chamber for enabling any aerodynamically induced pressure differential across said blocks to be equalized while permitting fluid to drain through said blocks to said chamber above said roof, said channel means being provided at selected locations within said body of each of said blocks, extending at an angle between said top side and said bottom side, and providing in said top side an aperture that is vertically offset from an aperture it provides in said bottom side, whereby the ballast system is aerodynamically stable in unusual wind conditions.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim 154 words
An aerodynamically stable roof ballast system for protecting a membrane type roof, said system comprising a plurality of blocks superposed on said roof in lateral relation, each of said blocks having a body with a top side, a bottom side, and leg means for spacing said bottom side from said roof to define a chamber therebetween, each block having selected edge faces with complementary means for operatively engaging adjacent blocks, each block also having channel means providing fluid communication between said block top side and said chamber for enabling any aerodynamically induced pressure differential across said blocks to be equalized while permitting fluid to drain through said blocks to said chamber above said roof, said complementary means including parallel edge faces on opposite side edges of said block for operatively engaging like surfaces on adjacent blocks, wherein said parallel edge faces are beveled, whereby the ballast system is aerodynamically stable in unusual wind conditions.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim 154 words
An aerodynamically stable roof ballast system for protecting a membrane type roof, said system comprising a plurality of blocks superposed on said roof in lateral relation, each of said blocks having a body with a top side, a bottom side, and leg means for spacing said bottom side from said roof to define a chamber therebetween, each block having selected edge faces with complementary means for operatively engaging adjacent blocks, each block also having channel means providing fluid communication between said block top side and said chamber for enabling any aerodynamically induced pressure differential across said blocks to be equalized while permitting fluid to drain through said blocks to said chamber above said roof, said complementary means including parallel edge faces on opposite side edges of said block for operatively engaging like surfaces on adjacent blocks, wherein said parallel edge faces are beveled, whereby the ballast system is aerodynamically stable in unusual wind conditions.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim 41 words
An aerodynamically stable roof ballast system according to claim 3, where one of said edge faces intersects said top side at an acute angle and another parallel one of said edge faces intersects said bottom side at the same acute angle.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim 137 words
An aerodynamically stable roof ballast system for protecting a membrane type roof, said system comprising a plurality of blocks superposed on said roof in lateral relation, each of said blocks having a body with a top side, a bottom side, and leg means for spacing said bottom side from said roof to define a chamber therebetween, each block having selected edge faces with complementary means for operatively engaging adjacent blocks, each block also having channel means providing fluid communication between said block top side and said chamber for enabling any aerodynamically induced pressure differential across said blocks to be equalized while permitting fluid to drain through said blocks to said chamber above said roof, wherein said complementary edge faces are provided by mating tongues and grooves, whereby the ballast system is aerodynamically stable in unusual wind conditions.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim 137 words
An aerodynamically stable roof ballast system for protecting a membrane type roof, said system comprising a plurality of blocks superposed on said roof in lateral relation, each of said blocks having a body with a top side, a bottom side, and leg means for spacing said bottom side from said roof to define a chamber therebetween, each block having selected edge faces with complementary means for operatively engaging adjacent blocks, each block also having channel means providing fluid communication between said block top side and said chamber for enabling any aerodynamically induced pressure differential across said blocks to be equalized while permitting fluid to drain through said blocks to said chamber above said roof, wherein said complementary edge faces are provided by mating tongues and grooves, whereby the ballast system is aerodynamically stable in unusual wind conditions.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim 128 words
An aerodynamically stable roof ballast system for protecting a membrane type roof, said system comprising a plurality of blocks superposed on said roof, each of said blocks having a body with a top side, a bottom side, and leg means for spacing said bottom side from said roof to define a chamber therebetween, each block having selected edge faces with complementary means for operatively engaging adjacent blocks, each block also having channel means located within each said block providing fluid communication between said block top side and said chamber for enabling any aerodynamically induced pressure differential to cross said blocks to be equalized while permitting fluid to drain through said blocks through said chamber above said roof, whereby the ballast system is aerodynamically stable in unusual wind conditions.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim 128 words
An aerodynamically stable roof ballast system for protecting a membrane type roof, said system comprising a plurality of blocks superposed on said roof, each of said blocks having a body with a top side, a bottom side, and leg means for spacing said bottom side from said roof to define a chamber therebetween, each block having selected edge faces with complementary means for operatively engaging adjacent blocks, each block also having channel means located within each said block providing fluid communication between said block top side and said chamber for enabling any aerodynamically induced pressure differential to cross said blocks to be equalized while permitting fluid to drain through said blocks through said chamber above said roof, whereby the ballast system is aerodynamically stable in unusual wind conditions.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim 35 words
An aerodynamically stable roof ballast system according to claim 6, wherein said means for operatively engaging adjacent blocks includes a tongue on one block adapted to engage a complementary groove on a laterally adjacent block.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim 24 words
An aerodynamically stable roof ballast system according to claim 6, wherein said selected edge faces extend perpendicular to the plane of said top side.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim 17 words
An aerodynamically stable roof ballast system according to claim 6, wherein said selected edge faces are beveled.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim 139 words
For assembly with like blocks to form an aerodynamically stable roof ballast system, a ballast block having a body, a top side and a bottom side with leg means for supporting said bottom side above an underlying roof structure, said body having formed therein at least one channel providing fluid communication between said top side and said bottom side of said block, wherein said at least one channel defines an aperture on said top side and said bottom side, wherein said top side aperture is vertically offset from said bottom side aperture, and said channel connects said apertures, whereby when the blocks are laid upon a roof in laterally abutting relation, said at least one channel in said block body accommodates aerodynamically induced forces tending to lift the block by equalizing air pressure on opposite sides of the block.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim 139 words
For assembly with like blocks to form an aerodynamically stable roof ballast system, a ballast block having a body, a top side and a bottom side with leg means for supporting said bottom side above an underlying roof structure, said body having formed therein at least one channel providing fluid communication between said top side and said bottom side of said block, wherein said at least one channel defines an aperture on said top side and said bottom side, wherein said top side aperture is vertically offset from said bottom side aperture, and said channel connects said apertures, whereby when the blocks are laid upon a roof in laterally abutting relation, said at least one channel in said block body accommodates aerodynamically induced forces tending to lift the block by equalizing air pressure on opposite sides of the block.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim 138 words
For assembly with like blocks to form an aerodynamically stable roof ballast system, a ballast block having a body, a top side and a bottom side with leg means for supporting said bottom side above an underlying roof structure, said body having formed therein at least one channel providing fluid communication between said top side and said bottom side of said block, wherein said channel defines an aperture on said top side and said bottom side and extends across the thickness of said block, and wherein said top side aperture and said bottom side aperture are aligned vertically, whereby when blocks are laid upon a roof in laterally abutting relation, said at least one channel in said block body accommodates aerodynamically induced forces tending to lift the block by equalizing air pressure on opposite sides of the block.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim 138 words
For assembly with like blocks to form an aerodynamically stable roof ballast system, a ballast block having a body, a top side and a bottom side with leg means for supporting said bottom side above an underlying roof structure, said body having formed therein at least one channel providing fluid communication between said top side and said bottom side of said block, wherein said channel defines an aperture on said top side and said bottom side and extends across the thickness of said block, and wherein said top side aperture and said bottom side aperture are aligned vertically, whereby when blocks are laid upon a roof in laterally abutting relation, said at least one channel in said block body accommodates aerodynamically induced forces tending to lift the block by equalizing air pressure on opposite sides of the block.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim 136 words
For assembly with like blocks to form an aerodynamically stable roof ballast system, a ballast block having a body, a top side and a bottom side with leg means for supporting said bottom side above an underlying roof structure, said body having formed therein at least one channel providing fluid communication between said top side and said bottom side of said block, wherein said channel defines an aperture on said top side and said bottom side and extends through said block at an angle, wherein said top side aperture is offset from said bottom side aperture, whereby when blocks are laid upon a roof in laterally abutting relation, said at least one channel in said block body accommodates aerodynamically induced forces tending to lift the block by equalizing air pressure on opposite sides of the block.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim 136 words
For assembly with like blocks to form an aerodynamically stable roof ballast system, a ballast block having a body, a top side and a bottom side with leg means for supporting said bottom side above an underlying roof structure, said body having formed therein at least one channel providing fluid communication between said top side and said bottom side of said block, wherein said channel defines an aperture on said top side and said bottom side and extends through said block at an angle, wherein said top side aperture is offset from said bottom side aperture, whereby when blocks are laid upon a roof in laterally abutting relation, said at least one channel in said block body accommodates aerodynamically induced forces tending to lift the block by equalizing air pressure on opposite sides of the block.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim 140 words
For assembly with like blocks to form an aerodynamically stable roof ballast system, a ballast block having a body with a top side, a bottom side and leg means for supporting said bottom side above an underlying roof structure, said body having formed therein at least one channel providing fluid communication between said top side and said bottom side of said block, said block having peripheral edges extending between said top side and said bottom side, at least a selected one of said peripheral edges having complementary means adapted to overlap laterally with an adjacent block of like construction, whereby when the blocks are laid upon a roof in laterally abutting relation, said at least one channel in said block body accommodates aerodynamically induced forces tending to lift the block by equalizing air pressure on opposite sides of the block.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim 140 words
For assembly with like blocks to form an aerodynamically stable roof ballast system, a ballast block having a body with a top side, a bottom side and leg means for supporting said bottom side above an underlying roof structure, said body having formed therein at least one channel providing fluid communication between said top side and said bottom side of said block, said block having peripheral edges extending between said top side and said bottom side, at least a selected one of said peripheral edges having complementary means adapted to overlap laterally with an adjacent block of like construction, whereby when the blocks are laid upon a roof in laterally abutting relation, said at least one channel in said block body accommodates aerodynamically induced forces tending to lift the block by equalizing air pressure on opposite sides of the block.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim 38 words
A ballast block according to claim 13, wherein said at least one channel defines an aperture in said top side and said bottom side, and wherein said top side aperture is vertically offset from side bottom side aperture.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim 146 words
For assembly with like blocks to form an aerodynamically stable roof ballast system, a ballast block having a body with a top side, a bottom side, and leg means for supporting said bottom side above an underlying roof structure, said block having peripheral edges extending between said top side and said bottom side, said body having formed therein at least one channel providing fluid communication between said top side and said bottom side of said block, at least a selected one of said peripheral edges of said block having complementary matingly engageable means adapted to interlock laterally with an adjacent block of like construction, whereby when the blocks are laid upon a roof in laterally interlocked abutting relation, said at least one channel in said block body accommodates aerodynamically induced forces tending to lift the blocks by equalizing air pressure on opposite sides of the block.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim 146 words
For assembly with like blocks to form an aerodynamically stable roof ballast system, a ballast block having a body with a top side, a bottom side, and leg means for supporting said bottom side above an underlying roof structure, said block having peripheral edges extending between said top side and said bottom side, said body having formed therein at least one channel providing fluid communication between said top side and said bottom side of said block, at least a selected one of said peripheral edges of said block having complementary matingly engageable means adapted to interlock laterally with an adjacent block of like construction, whereby when the blocks are laid upon a roof in laterally interlocked abutting relation, said at least one channel in said block body accommodates aerodynamically induced forces tending to lift the blocks by equalizing air pressure on opposite sides of the block.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim 38 words
A ballast block according to claim 15, wherein said at least one channel defines an aperture in said top side and said bottom side, and wherein said top side aperture is vertically offset from said bottom side aperture.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim 23 words
A ballast block according to claim 15, wherein said at least one channel defines a recess in a side edge of said block.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim 106 words
An aerodynamically stable roof ballast system for protecting a membrane type roof, said system comprising a plurality of blocks superposed on said roof in lateral relation, each of said blocks having a topside and bottomside, each block having selected edge faces with complementary means for interlocking with adjacent blocks, said complementary interlocking means including a tongue extending along one edge of said block and a groove extending along another edge of said block opposite said tongue, wherein each of said blocks has channel means providing fluid communication between said topside and said bottomside for enabling any aerodynamically induced pressure differential across said blocks to be equalized.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim 106 words
An aerodynamically stable roof ballast system for protecting a membrane type roof, said system comprising a plurality of blocks superposed on said roof in lateral relation, each of said blocks having a topside and bottomside, each block having selected edge faces with complementary means for interlocking with adjacent blocks, said complementary interlocking means including a tongue extending along one edge of said block and a groove extending along another edge of said block opposite said tongue, wherein each of said blocks has channel means providing fluid communication between said topside and said bottomside for enabling any aerodynamically induced pressure differential across said blocks to be equalized.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim 95 words
An aerodynamically stable roof ballast system for protecting a membrane type roof, said system comprising a plurality of blocks superposed on said roof in lateral relation, each of said blocks having a body with a topside and bottomside, each block having channel means providing fluid communication between said topside and said bottomside for enabling any aerodynamically induced pressure differential across said blocks to be equalized, said channel means being provided at selected locations between laterally abutting blocks and including means forming a plurality of labyrinth side channels disposed between adjacent blocks at said selected locations.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim 95 words
An aerodynamically stable roof ballast system for protecting a membrane type roof, said system comprising a plurality of blocks superposed on said roof in lateral relation, each of said blocks having a body with a topside and bottomside, each block having channel means providing fluid communication between said topside and said bottomside for enabling any aerodynamically induced pressure differential across said blocks to be equalized, said channel means being provided at selected locations between laterally abutting blocks and including means forming a plurality of labyrinth side channels disposed between adjacent blocks at said selected locations.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim 90 words
An aerodynamically stable roof ballast system for protecting a membrane type roof, said system comprising a plurality of blocks superposed on said roof in lateral relation, each of said blocks having a body with a topside and bottomside, each block having channel means providing fluid communication between said topside and said bottomside for enabling any aerodynamically induced pressure differential across said blocks to be equalized, wherein said channel means is provided in said body with at least one aperture on said topside and at least one aperture on said bottomside.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim 90 words
An aerodynamically stable roof ballast system for protecting a membrane type roof, said system comprising a plurality of blocks superposed on said roof in lateral relation, each of said blocks having a body with a topside and bottomside, each block having channel means providing fluid communication between said topside and said bottomside for enabling any aerodynamically induced pressure differential across said blocks to be equalized, wherein said channel means is provided in said body with at least one aperture on said topside and at least one aperture on said bottomside.

USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows

Annuity Stage Window Opens Payment Deadline Surcharge Period Until Estimated Fee Status
3.5 Years (Year 4) 2002-03-29 2002-09-28 2003-03-30 $2000.00 Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8) 2006-03-29 2006-09-28 2007-03-30 $3760.00 Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12) 2010-03-29 2010-09-28 2011-03-30 $7700.00 Window Closed / Lapsed

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