US5707745A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Multicolor organic light emitting devices
Assignee: Princeton University
•
Filing: 1994-12-13
•
Granted: 1998-01-13
•
Expires: 2014-12-13
Abstract
Abstract A multicolor organic light emitting device employs vertically stacked layers of double heterostructure devices which are fabricated from organic compounds. The vertical stacked structure is formed on a glass base having a transparent coating of ITO or similar metal to provide a substrate. Deposited on the substrate is the vertical stacked arrangement of three double heterostructure devices, each fabricated from a suitable organic material. Stacking is implemented such that the double heterostructure with the longest wavelength is on the top of the stack. This constitutes the device emitting red light on the top with the device having the shortest wavelength, namely, the device emitting blue light, on the bottom of the stack. Located between the red and blue device structures is the green device structure. The devices are configured as stacked to provide a staircase profile whereby each device is separated from the other by a thin transparent conductive contact layer to enable light emanating from each of the devices to pass through the semitransparent contacts and through the lower device structures while further enabling each of the devices to receive a selective bias.
Inventors
- 👤 Stephen Ross Forrest
- 👤 Mark Edward Thompson
- 👤 Paul Edward Burrows
- 👤 Linda Susan Sapochak
- 👤 Dennis Matthew McCarty
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-24 14:50
CPC Classifications
H; H10; H10W; H10W70/00; H10W70/099; C; C09; C09K; C09K11/00; C09K11/06; H10H; H10H29/00; H10H29/10; H10H29/14; H10H29/142; H10K; H10K50/00; H10K50/10; H10K50/11; H10K50/125; H10K59/00; H10K59/30; H10K59/32; H10K59/80; H10K59/805; H10K59/8052; H10K59/80524; H10K85/00; H10K85/30; H10K85/341; H10K2102/00; H10K2102/301; H10K2102/302; H10K2102/3023; H10K2102/3031; H10K50/14; H10K85/10; H10K85/111; H10K85/113; H10K85/114; H10K85/141; H10K85/146; H10K85/321; H10K85/322; H10K85/324; H10K85/60; H10K85/611; H10K85/631; Y; Y10; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/26; Y10T428/263; Y10T428/264; Y10T428/265; Y10T428/31504; Y10T428/31678
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 103
Claim 1
Independent Claim
63 words
A multicolor light emitting device (LED) structure, comprising: a plurality of at least first and second light emitting organic devices (LEDs) stacked one upon the other, to form a layered structure, with each LED separated one from the other by a transparent electrically conductive layer to enable each device to receive a separate bias potential to operate to emit light through the stack.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
63 words
A multicolor light emitting device (LED) structure, comprising: a plurality of at least first and second light emitting organic devices (LEDs) stacked one upon the other, to form a layered structure, with each LED separated one from the other by a transparent electrically conductive layer to enable each device to receive a separate bias potential to operate to emit light through the stack.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
27 words
The multicolor light emitting device structure of claim 1, wherein each of said LED's emits a different wavelength of light and therefore a different color when biased.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
39 words
The multicolor light emitting device of claim 2, wherein the longest wavelength LED is on top of the stack in the vertical direction followed by successively shorter wavelength LED's, with shortest wavelength LED on the bottom of the stack.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
23 words
The multicolor light emitting device structure of claim 1, including at least first through third light emitting devices stacked upon one another, respectively.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
34 words
The multicolor light emitting device structure of claim 4, wherein said first device emits the color blue (B), said second device emits the color green (G) and third device emits the color red (R).
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
111 words
The multicolor light emitting device structure of claim 5, wherein said devices are stacked in the following sequence along the vertical axis starting from a bottom point and directed upward, wherein the first device emits a blue color, and has the second device for emitting a green color located on top of the upper surface of said blue emitting device, with the third device for emitting a red color located on top of the upper surface of said green emitting device, whereby said blue emitting device of the shortest wavelength is at the bottom with the red emitting device of the longest wavelength on top when the structure is aligned vertically.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
28 words
The multicolor light emitting device structure of claim 4, wherein said at least first, second, and third organic LED's are stacked in successive order over a common substrate.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
46 words
The multicolor light emitting device structure of claim 7, wherein said substrate is at the bottom of said LED structure, and a topmost layer of said third organic LED consists of indium tin oxide (ITO) material serving as a contact for an underlying metal material layer.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
24 words
The multicolor light emitting device structure of claim 1, wherein each LED device is a transparent double heterostructure (DH) device fabricated from organic materials.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
21 words
The multicolor light emitting device structure of claim 9, wherein said transparent electrically conductive layer is an indium tin oxide (ITO).
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
36 words
The multicolor light emitting device structure of claim 9, wherein said transparent electrically conductive layer comprises a metallic layer having a work function less than four electron volts, and an ITO layer on said metallic layer.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
63 words
The multicolor light emitting device structure of claim 9, wherein said organic material is selected from the group consisting of trivalent metal quinolate complexes, trivalent metal bridged quinolate complexes, Schiff base divalent metal complexes, tin (iv) metal complexes, metal acetylacetonate complexes, metal bidentate ligand complexes, bisphosphonates, divalent metal maleonitriledithiolate complexes, molecular charge transfer complexes, aromatic and heterocyclic polymers, and rare earth mixed chelates.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
75 words
The multicolor light emitting device structure of claim 12 wherein the trivalent metal quinolate complexes have the following formula ##STR1## wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl and a heterocyclic group, L represents a ligand selected from the group consisting of picolylmethylketone; salicylaldehyde; a group of the formula R(O)CO-- wherein R is as defined above; halogen; a group of the formula RO-- wherein R is as defined above; and quinolates.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
95 words
The multicolor light emitting device structure of claim 12 wherein the metal bidentate ligand complexes have the following formula: MDL.sup.4.sub.2 wherein M is selected from trivalent metals of Groups 3-13 of the Periodic Table and the Lanthanides, D is a bidentate ligand and L 4 is selected from the group consisting of acetylacetonate; compounds of the formula OR 3 R wherein R 3 is Si or C and R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, a heterocyclic group; 3,5-di(t-butyl) phenol; 2,6-di(t-butyl) phenol; 2,6-di(t-butyl) cresol and a compound of the formula ##STR2##
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
23 words
The multicolor light emitting device structure of claim 14 wherein D is selected from the group consisting of 2-picolylketones, 2-quinaldylketones and 2-(o-phenoxy) pyridineketones.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
77 words
The multicolor light emitting device structure of claim 12 wherein the Schiff base divalent metal complexes are selected from those having the formula ##STR3## wherein M 1 is a divalent metal chosen from Groups 2-12 of the Periodic Table, R 1 is selected from the group consisting of ##STR4## ##STR5## wherein X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy each having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, aryl, a heterocyclic group, phosphino, halogen and amine.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
37 words
The multicolor light emitting device structure of claim 12 wherein the aromatic and heterocyclic polymers are selected from the group consisting of poly (para-phenylene vinylene), poly (dialkoxyphenylene vinylene), poly (thiophene), poly (phenylene), poly (phenylacetylene) and poly (N-vinylcarbazole).
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
26 words
The multicolor light emitting device structure of claim 12 wherein the rare earth mixed chelates comprise a Lanthanide bonded to a bidentate aromatic or heterocyclic group.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
36 words
The multicolor light emitting device structure of claim 18 wherein the bidentate aromatic or heterocyclic group is selected from the group consisting of salicylaldehydes, salicyclic acid, quinolates, Schiff base ligands, acetylacetonates, phenanthroline, bipyridine, quinoline and pyridine.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
50 words
The multicolor light emitting device structure of claim 18 wherein the divalent metal maleonitriledithiolate complexes have the formula ##STR6## wherein M 3 is a metal having a +2 charge, Y 1 is selected from the group consisting of cyano, and phenyl, and L 5 is a group having no charge.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
39 words
The multicolor light emitting device structure of claim 20 wherein L 5 is a group of the formula P(OR) 3 or P(R) 3 wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl and a heterocyclic group.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
44 words
The multicolor light emitting device structure of claim 12 wherein the bisphosphonates have the formula M 2 x (O 3 P-organic-PO 3 ) y wherein M 2 is a metal ion and organic represents an aromatic or heterocyclic fluorescent compound bifunctionalized with phosphonate groups.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
51 words
The multicolor light emitting device structure of claim 12 wherein the trivalent metal bridged quinolate complexes have the formula ##STR7## wherein M is a trivalent metal ion and Z is selected from SiR or P=O wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, or a heterocyclic group.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
55 words
The multicolor light emitting device structure of claim 12 wherein the tin (iv) metal complexes have the formula SnL 1 2 L 2 2 wherein L 1 is selected from the group consisting of salicylaldehydes, salicyclic acid, and quinolates and L 2 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl and a heterocyclic group.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
24 words
The multicolor light emitting device structure of claim 12 wherein the molecular charge transfer complexes comprise an electron acceptor complexed with an electron donor.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
23 words
The multicolor light emitting device structure of claim 1, wherein each LED device is a transparent single heterostructure device fabricated from organic materials.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
21 words
The multicolor light emitting device structure of claim 2, wherein said transparent electrically conductive layer is an indium tin oxide (ITO).
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
30 words
The multicolor light emitting device structure of claim 1, wherein said devices are stacked in an order dependent upon and in accordance with their respective emission wavelength and absorption characteristics.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
20 words
The light emitting device structure of claim 1, wherein each of said LEDs emit substantially the same wavelength of light.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
23 words
The multicolor LED structure of claim 1, wherein said plurality of at least first and second LEDs are stacked over a common substrate.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
25 words
The multicolor LED structure of claim 1, further including a reflective metal layer over one end of the stack of said plurality of a LEDs.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
29 words
The multicolor LED structure of claim 31, further including a layer of anti-reflecting material disposed over the other end of said plurality of at least first and second LEDs.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
31 words
The multicolor LED structure of claim 1, further including a layer of anti-reflecting material disposed over one end of the stack of said plurality of at least first and second LEDs.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
145 words
A multicolor light emitting device structure comprising a transparent substrate layer having deposited on a surface a first transparent electrically conductive coating. a first light emitting device deposited on said first transparent electrically conductive coating; a second transparent electrically conductive coating deposited on the surface of said first device not in contact with said first coating; a second light emitting device deposited on the surface of said second coating; a third transparent electrically conductive coating deposited on the surface of said second device not in contact with said second coating; a third light emitting device deposited on the surface of said third coating; said first, second, and light emitting devices each including an organic emission layer for emitting light of a desired color, respectively; and a fourth electrically conductive coating deposited on the surface of said third device not in contact with said third coating.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
145 words
A multicolor light emitting device structure comprising a transparent substrate layer having deposited on a surface a first transparent electrically conductive coating. a first light emitting device deposited on said first transparent electrically conductive coating; a second transparent electrically conductive coating deposited on the surface of said first device not in contact with said first coating; a second light emitting device deposited on the surface of said second coating; a third transparent electrically conductive coating deposited on the surface of said second device not in contact with said second coating; a third light emitting device deposited on the surface of said third coating; said first, second, and light emitting devices each including an organic emission layer for emitting light of a desired color, respectively; and a fourth electrically conductive coating deposited on the surface of said third device not in contact with said third coating.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
29 words
The multicolor light emitting device structure of claim 34, wherein said first, second, third and fourth electrically conductive coatings are adapted to receive individual sources of biasing potential, respectively.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
107 words
The multicolor light emitting device structure of claim 34, wherein said devices and electrically conductive layers are deposited to form a staircase profile, with said transparent substrate being of a greater length than said first device, with said first device being of a greater length than said second device, with said second device of a greater length than said third device, wherein each step is covered by said respective electrically conductive coating adapted for applying operating potentials to said device structures, and wherein said first through third transparent electrically conductive coatings allow light emitted by any of said devices, respectively, to pass through said transparent substrate layer.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
29 words
The multicolor light emitting device structure of claim 34, wherein said forth electrically conductive coating, includes a a metal layer that reflects upward directed light back to said substrate.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
61 words
The multicolor light emitting device structure of claim 37, wherein said fourth electrically conductive coating further includes an indium tin oxide (ITO) layer between said metal layer and said surface of said third device not in contact with said third coating, said ITO layer serving as a contact for an underlying metal material layer of said third light emitting diode device.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
50 words
The multicolor light emitting device structure of claim 34, wherein said transparent substrate is glass, said first conductive coating is indium tin oxide (ITO), and each of said second, third and fourth conductive coatings are each comprised of an ITO layer disposed on a low work function metal layer, respectively.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
52 words
The multicolor light emitting device structure of claim 34, wherein each of said devices are double heterostructures (DH), with said first device operative when biased to emit blue light (B), said second device operative when biased to emit green light (G), said third device operative when biased to emit red light (R).
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
18 words
The multicolor light emitting device structure of claim 40, wherein each DH structure is comprised of organic compounds.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
53 words
The multicolor light emitting device structure of claim 34, wherein each of said devices are single heterostructures (SH), with said first device operative when biased to emit blue light (B), said second device operative when biased to emit green light (G), and said third device operative when biased to emit red light (R).
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
19 words
The multicolor LED structure of claim 42, wherein each of said single heterostructures (SH) is comprised of organic material.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
52 words
The multicolor light emitting device structure of claim 34, wherein each of said devices are polymer structures, with said first device operative when biased to emit blue light (B), said second device operative when biased to emit green light (G), and said third device operative when biased to emit red light (R).
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
25 words
The light emitting device structure of claim 34, wherein each of said devices are operative when biased to emit light of substantially the same wavelength.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
29 words
The multicolor light emitting device structure of claim 34, further including a layer of anti-reflecting material deposited between said transparent substrate layer and said first transparent electrically conductive coating.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
46 words
The multicolor light emitting device structure of claim 46, further including a reflective metal layer between said fourth electrically conductive coating and the surface of said third device not in contact with said third coating for reflecting upward directed light back to said transparent substrate layer.
Claim 50
Independent Claim
162 words
A method of fabricating a multicolor, light emitting device (LED) structure comprising the steps of: forming a first transparent electrically conductive layer upon a transparent substrate; depositing a first hole transporting layer upon said first transparent electrically conductive layer, depositing a first organic emission layer upon said first hole transporting layer to provide a first emission color; depositing first electron transporting layer upon said first emission layer; depositing a second transparent electrically conductive layer upon said first electron transporting layer, said second transparent electrically conductive layer adapted to receive a first bias potential; depositing a second hole transporting layer upon said second transparent electrically conductive layer; depositing a second organic emission layer upon said second hole transporting layer to provide a second emission color; depositing a second electron transporting layer upon said second emission layer; and depositing a third transparent electrically conductive layer upon said second electron transporting layer, said third transparent electrically conductive layer adapted to receive a second bias potential.
Claim 51
Independent Claim
162 words
A method of fabricating a multicolor, light emitting device (LED) structure comprising the steps of: forming a first transparent electrically conductive layer upon a transparent substrate; depositing a first hole transporting layer upon said first transparent electrically conductive layer, depositing a first organic emission layer upon said first hole transporting layer to provide a first emission color; depositing first electron transporting layer upon said first emission layer; depositing a second transparent electrically conductive layer upon said first electron transporting layer, said second transparent electrically conductive layer adapted to receive a first bias potential; depositing a second hole transporting layer upon said second transparent electrically conductive layer; depositing a second organic emission layer upon said second hole transporting layer to provide a second emission color; depositing a second electron transporting layer upon said second emission layer; and depositing a third transparent electrically conductive layer upon said second electron transporting layer, said third transparent electrically conductive layer adapted to receive a second bias potential.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
64 words
The method of claim 48, further including the step of shadow masking a region of said first transparent electrically conductive prior to depositing said first hole transporting layer expose said region of said first transparent, electrically conductive layer thereby enabling said first bias potential to be applied between said second transparent electrically conductive layer and said region of said first transparent electrically conductive layer.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
58 words
The method of claim 48, further including the step of etching away a region of said first hole transporting layer to expose a portion of said first transparent electrically conductive layer thereby enabling said first bias potential to be applied between said second transparent electrically conductive layer and said exposed portion of said first transparent electrically conductive layer.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method of claim 48, further including the step of forming a layer of anti-reflecting material between said first transparent electrically conductive layer and said transparent substrate.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 51, further including the step of forming a metal layer on said third transparent electrically conductive layer, for reflecting upward directed right back to said substrate.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method claim 48, further including the step of forming a metal layer on said third transparent electrically conductive layer, for reflecting upward directed light back to said substrate.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
129 words
A multicolor, energizable, light emitting structure, comprising: at least three layers of electrically conductive material; a transparent, energizable, light emitting device including an emission layer of organic material, (OLED), being disposed between adjacent ones of said layers of electrically conducive material, respectively, so that said OLEDs are stacked on each other with one of said layers of electrically conductive material disposed between each two of said OLEDs and the other layers of electrically conductive material are disposed on the outside of said OLEDs; said layers of electrically conductive material disposed between adjacent ones of said OLEDs and one of said outside layers being substantially transparent; and means on each of said layers of electrically conductive material for being connected to a bias for selectively energizing each of said OLEDs.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
129 words
A multicolor, energizable, light emitting structure, comprising: at least three layers of electrically conductive material; a transparent, energizable, light emitting device including an emission layer of organic material, (OLED), being disposed between adjacent ones of said layers of electrically conducive material, respectively, so that said OLEDs are stacked on each other with one of said layers of electrically conductive material disposed between each two of said OLEDs and the other layers of electrically conductive material are disposed on the outside of said OLEDs; said layers of electrically conductive material disposed between adjacent ones of said OLEDs and one of said outside layers being substantially transparent; and means on each of said layers of electrically conductive material for being connected to a bias for selectively energizing each of said OLEDs.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
14 words
The structure of claim 54, wherein each of said OLEDs emits a different color.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
14 words
The structure of claim 55, wherein said OLEDs are stacked in a vertical array.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
58 words
The structure of claim 56, further including: a third OLED in said stack; the middle OLED being operative to emit light of a predetermined wavelength; the top OLED being operative to emit light of a longer wavelength than the predetermined wavelength; and the bottom OLED being operative to emit light of a shorter wavelength than the predetermined wavelength.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
81 words
The structure of claim 56, further including: a transparent substrate; said stack of OLEDs and layers of electronically conductive material being supported by transparent substrate in an order that corresponds to the length of the light wave that said OLEDs emit; and said OLED emitting the shortest wavelength is closest to said transparent substrate so that the light emitted from each of said OLEDs when it is energized is transmitted through the other OLEDs and through said through said transparent substrate.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
45 words
The structure of claim 58, further including: a layer of anti-reflecting material disposed between said OLED emitting the shortest wavelength and said transparent substrate so that the light emitted from each of said OLEDs when it is energized is not reflected from said transparent substrate.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
30 words
The structure of claim 58, further including: a layer of reflective material adjacent said OLED emitting the longest wavelength for reflecting light emitted from said OLED back through said substrate.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
18 words
The structure of claim 54, wherein said layer of electrically conductive material includes indium-tin-oxide (ITO) and a metal.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
18 words
The structure of claim 61, wherein said metal has a work function of less than four electron volts.
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
69 words
The structure of claim 54, further including: a transparent substrate; said stack of OLEDs and layers of electrically conductive material being supported by said transparent substrate in an order that corresponds to the length of the light wave that said OLEDs emit; and said emitting the shortest wavelength is closet to said transparent substrate for maximizing light emitted from said structure from each of said OLEDs respectively, when energized.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
45 words
The structure of claim 63, further including: a layer of anti-reflecting material disposed between said OLED emitting the shortest wavelength and said transparent substrate so that the light emitted from each of said OLEDs when it is energized is not reflected from said transparent substrate.
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
19 words
The structure of claim 64, further including: a layer of reflective material adjacent said OLED emitting the longest wavelength.
Claim 70
Dependent Claim
22 words
The structure of claim 64, wherein said layer of electrically conductive material includes an indium-tin oxide (ITO) layer and a metal layer.
Claim 71
Dependent Claim
18 words
The structure of claim 66, wherein said metal has a work function of less than four electron volts.
Claim 72
Dependent Claim
30 words
The structure of claim 63, further including: a layer of reflective material adjacent said OLED emitting the longest wavelength for reflecting light emitted from said LED back through said substrate.
Claim 73
Dependent Claim
14 words
The structure of claim 54, wherein each of said OLEDs is a double heterostructure.
Claim 74
Dependent Claim
15 words
The structure of claim 69 wherein each of said LEDs is comprised of organic material.
Claim 75
Dependent Claim
14 words
The structure of claim 54, wherein each of said OLEDs is a single heterostructure.
Claim 76
Dependent Claim
15 words
The structure of claim 71, wherein each of said LEDs is comprised of organic material.
Claim 77
Dependent Claim
17 words
The structure of claim 54, wherein each of said OLEDs emit light of substantially the same color.
Claim 78
Dependent Claim
76 words
An energizable, light emitting structure, comprising: a transparent substrate; a first layer of transparent, electrically conductive material supported on said substrate; a transparent, energizable, light emitting device (LED) supported on said first layer of transparent, electrically conductive material, said LED including an emission layer of organic material; a second layer of transparent electrically conductive material supported by said LED; and said LED being operative to produce light and transmit it through said transparent substrate when energized.
Claim 79
Dependent Claim
76 words
An energizable, light emitting structure, comprising: a transparent substrate; a first layer of transparent, electrically conductive material supported on said substrate; a transparent, energizable, light emitting device (LED) supported on said first layer of transparent, electrically conductive material, said LED including an emission layer of organic material; a second layer of transparent electrically conductive material supported by said LED; and said LED being operative to produce light and transmit it through said transparent substrate when energized.
Claim 80
Dependent Claim
13 words
The structure of claim 74, wherein said first and second layers comprise indium-tin-oxide.
Claim 81
Dependent Claim
27 words
The structure of claim 75, wherein said second layer further comprises a layer of metal that has a work function that is less than four electron volts.
Claim 82
Dependent Claim
19 words
The structure of claim 76, wherein said metal is from the group consisting of magnesium, arsenic and magnesium-gold alloy.
Claim 83
Dependent Claim
72 words
The structure of claim 74, further including: said second layer of electrically conductive material being substantially transparent; a second transparent, energizable, light emitting device (LED) supported on said second LED including an emission layer of organic material; a third layer of electrically conductive material supported by said second LED; and said second LED being operative to produce light and transmit it through said first LED and through said transparent substrate when energized.
Claim 84
Dependent Claim
67 words
The energizable light emitting structure of claim 74, wherein said emission layer includes at least one material is selected from the group consisting of trivalent metal quinolate complexes, trivalent metal bridged quinolate complexes, Schiff base divalent metal complexes, tin (iv) metal complexes, metal acetylacetonate complexes, metal bidentate ligand complexes, bisphosphonates, divalent metal maleonitriledithiolate complexes, molecular charge transfer complexes, aromatic and heterocyclic polymers and rare earth mixed chelates.
Claim 85
Dependent Claim
12 words
The structure of claim 74, wherein said LED is double heterostructure (DH).
Claim 86
Dependent Claim
13 words
The structure of claim 80 wherein said LED is comprised of organic material.
Claim 87
Dependent Claim
12 words
The structure of claim 74 wherein said LED is single heterostructure (SH).
Claim 88
Dependent Claim
13 words
The structure of claim 82, wherein said LED is comprised of organic material.
Claim 89
Dependent Claim
25 words
The structure of claim 74, further including a layer of anti-reflecting material between said transparent substrate and said first layer of transparent electrically conductive material.
Claim 90
Dependent Claim
31 words
The structure of claim 84, further including a metal layer on said second layer of transparent electrically conductive material, for reflecting light emitted from said LED back though said transparent substrate.
Claim 91
Dependent Claim
32 words
The structure of claim 74, further including a reflective metal layer on said second layer of transparent electrically conductive material, for reflecting light emitted from said LED back through said transparent substrate.
Claim 92
Independent Claim
132 words
A method of fabricating a multicolor, energizable light emitting structure, comprising the steps of: providing a transparent substrate; providing a first substantially transparent electrically conductive layer on said transparent substrate; providing a first transparent, light emitting diode (LED) on said substrate, said first LED including an emission layer of organic material and, being operable when energized to emit light of a first predetermined wavelength; providing a second substantially transparent, electrically conductive layer on said first LED; providing a second transparent, light emitting diode (LED) on said second substantially transparent, electrically conductive layer, said second LED including an emission layer of organic material and being operable when energized to emit light of a second predetermined wavelength, that is longer than said first predetermined wavelength; and an electrically conductive layer on said second (LED).
Claim 93
Independent Claim
132 words
A method of fabricating a multicolor, energizable light emitting structure, comprising the steps of: providing a transparent substrate; providing a first substantially transparent electrically conductive layer on said transparent substrate; providing a first transparent, light emitting diode (LED) on said substrate, said first LED including an emission layer of organic material and, being operable when energized to emit light of a first predetermined wavelength; providing a second substantially transparent, electrically conductive layer on said first LED; providing a second transparent, light emitting diode (LED) on said second substantially transparent, electrically conductive layer, said second LED including an emission layer of organic material and being operable when energized to emit light of a second predetermined wavelength, that is longer than said first predetermined wavelength; and an electrically conductive layer on said second (LED).
Claim 94
Dependent Claim
64 words
A method as in claim 87, wherein said steps of providing said first and second LEDs comprises the steps of forming each of said LEDs by: depositing a hole transporting layer on said first and second substantially transparent, electrically conductive layers; depositing an emission layer on each of said hole transporting layers; and depositing an electron transporting layer on each of said emission layers.
Claim 95
Dependent Claim
63 words
The method of claim 88, wherein each of said emission layers includes a material selected from the group consisting of trivalent metal quinolate complexes, trivalent metal bridged quinolate complexes, Schiff base divalent metal complexes, tin (iv) metal complexes, metal acetylacetonate complexes, metal bidentate ligand complexes, bisphosphonates, divalent metal maleonitriledithiolate complexes, molecular charge transfer complexes, aromatic and heterocyclic polymers and rare earth mixed chelates.
Claim 96
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method as in claim 89, wherein each of said substantially transparent electrically conductive layers and said layer of electrically conductive layer are comprised of indium-tin-oxide.
Claim 97
Dependent Claim
40 words
A method as in claim 88, further including: the step of providing a layer of substantially transparent metal between said LEDs; and a layer of said substantially transparent electrically conductive material on each of said layers of substantially transparent metal.
Claim 98
Dependent Claim
20 words
A method as in claim 91, wherein said metal has a work function of less than about four electron volts.
Claim 99
Dependent Claim
20 words
A method as in claim 91, wherein said metal is from the group consisting of magnesium, arsenic and magnesium/gold alloy.
Claim 100
Dependent Claim
28 words
A method as in claim 87, wherein said layer of electrically conductive material has a reflective surface for reflecting light emitted from said LEDs through said transparent substrate.
Claim 101
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method of claim 94, further including the step of providing a layer of anti-reflective material between said substrate and said first transparent electrically conductive layer.
Claim 102
Dependent Claim
49 words
A method as in claim 87, further including the step of: providing an electrical contact on each of said layers of substantially transparent, electrically conductive material, and on said layer of electrically conductive material so that each of said layers can be connected to a source of bias potential.
Claim 103
Dependent Claim
27 words
A method as in claim 87, further including the step of providing a layer of anti-reflective material between said substrate and said first transparent electrically conductive layer.
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