Patent US5637201A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US5637201A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Sensor membranes
Assignee: The University of Sydney
•
Filing: 1993-10-01
•
Granted: 1997-06-10
•
Expires: 2013-10-01
Abstract
Abstract PCT No. PCT/AU93/00509 Sec. 371 Date May 17, 1995 Sec. 102(e) Date May 17, 1995 PCT Filed Oct. 1, 1993 PCT Pub. No. WO94/07593 PCT Pub. Date Apr. 14, 1994The present invention relates to novel compounds used in an electrode membrane combination. These novel compounds include a linker lipid for use in attaching a membrane including a plurality of ionophores to an electrode and providing a space between the membrane and the electrode, the electrode being either in part or totally made up of the linker lipid. The linker lipid comprises within the same molecule a hydrophobic region capable of spanning the membrane, an attachment group used to attach the molecule to an electrode surface, a hydrophilic region intermediate said hydrophobic region and the attachment group, and a polar head group region attached to the hydrophobic region at a site remote from the hydrophilic region.
Inventors
- 👤 Burkhard Raguse
- 👤 Bruce A. Cornell
- 👤 Vijoleta L. Braach-Maksvytis
- 👤 Ronald J. Pace
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-08 18:48
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01N; G01N33/00; G01N33/48; G01N33/50; G01N33/53; G01N33/543; G01N33/54366; G01N33/54373; B; B01; B01D; B01D69/00; B01D69/12; B01D69/122; C; C07; C07F; C07F9/00; C07F9/02; C07F9/06; C07F9/08; C07F9/09; C07F9/10; C12; C12Q; C12Q1/00; C12Q1/001; C12Q1/002; C12Q1/003; G01N27/00; G01N27/26; G01N27/28; G01N27/30; G01N27/327; G01N31/00; G01N31/22; G01N31/221; G01N33/5438; G01N2410/00; G01N2410/10; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S435/00; Y10S435/817
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 58
Claim 1
Independent Claim
99 words
A linker lipid for use in attaching a membrane including a plurality of ionophores to an electrode and providing a space between the membrane and the electrode in which the membrane is either in part or totally made up of the linker lipid, the linker lipid comprising within the same molecule a hydrophobic region spanning the membrane, an attachment group used to attach the molecule to an electrode surface, an hydrophilic region intermediate said hydrophobic region and the attachment group, and a polar head group region attached to the hydrophobic region at a site remote from the hydrophilic region.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
99 words
A linker lipid for use in attaching a membrane including a plurality of ionophores to an electrode and providing a space between the membrane and the electrode in which the membrane is either in part or totally made up of the linker lipid, the linker lipid comprising within the same molecule a hydrophobic region spanning the membrane, an attachment group used to attach the molecule to an electrode surface, an hydrophilic region intermediate said hydrophobic region and the attachment group, and a polar head group region attached to the hydrophobic region at a site remote from the hydrophilic region.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
26 words
A linker lipid as claimed in claim 1 in which the head group region is a polyethylene glycol ranging in molecular weight of between 600-6000 g/mol.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
18 words
A linker lipid as claimed in claim 1 in which the head group is a phosphatidyl choline group.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
18 words
A linker lipid as claimed in claim 1 in which the head group is a glycerol head group.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
29 words
A linker lipid as claimed in claim 1 in which the head group is a biotin or a biotinylated 6-aminocaproic acid group or an N-biotinylated oligomer of 6-aminocaproic acid.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
18 words
A linker lipid as claimed in claim 1 in which the head group is a Galβ1-3-GalNAcβ1-4Gal(3-2α-NeuAc)β1-4Glc-1-1Ceramide head group.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
36 words
A linker lipid as claimed in claim 1 in which the head group is terminated in a carboxylic acid group to conjugate the linker lipid with a protein molecule via the amine groups on the protein.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
30 words
A linker lipid as claimed in claim 1 n which the head group is a polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 400-1000 g/mol terminated in a carboxylic acid group.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
33 words
A linker lipid as claimed in claim 1 in which the head group is covalently linked with a protein molecule via aldehyde groups generated from oxidation of carbohydrate groups on the protein molecule.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
17 words
A linker lipid as claimed in claim 1 in which the head group includes a hydrazide derivative.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
23 words
A linker lipid as claimed in claim 1 in which the head group is a polyethylene glycol terminated in a carboxy hydrazide derivative.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
30 words
A linker lipid as claimed in claim 1 in which the head group is a group covalently linked to a protein molecule via free thiol groups on the protein molecule.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
17 words
A linker lipid as claimed in claim 1 in which the head group includes a maleimide derivative.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
56 words
A linker lipid as claimed in claim 1 in which the hydrophobic group has the following structure in which the group (X) is a hydrocarbon chain that is approximately half the length of the group (Y): ##STR1## in which the group (X) is a hydrocarbon chain that is approximately half the length of the group (Y).
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
19 words
A linker lipid as claimed in claim 14 in which the group (X) is between 10-22 carbons in length.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
34 words
A linker lipid as claimed in claim 15 in which the group (X) is selected from the group consisting of saturated, unsaturated or polyunsaturated hydrocarbon, alkyl substituted hydrocarbon, and mono- or permethylated hydrocarbon chain.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
17 words
A linker lipid as claimed in claim 16 in which the group (X) is a phytanyl group.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
17 words
A linker lipid as claimed in claim 14 in which the group (X) is a phytanyl group.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
25 words
A linker lipid as claimed in claim 14 in which the group (Y) is a single chain hydrocarbon group of length between 20-60 Å long.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
34 words
A linker lipid as claimed in claim 14 in which the group (Y) consists in a single chain group that is between 20-60 Å long and contains within the chain a rigid spacer group.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
23 words
A linker lipid as claimed in claim 20 in which the rigid spacer is a biphenyl ether or biphenylamine or other biphenyl compound.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
35 words
A linker lipid as claimed in claim 14 in which the group (Y) is a single chain group that is between 30-50 Å long and contains within the chain a N,N'-alkyl substituted 4,4'-biphenyl amine group.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
32 words
A linker lipid as claimed claim 14 in which the group (Y) is a single chain group that is between 30-50 Å long and contains within the chain a 4,4'-biphenyl ether group.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
18 words
A linker lipid as claimed in claim 14 in which the group (Y) is a bis-hexadecyl 4,4'-biphenyl ether.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
18 words
A linker lipid as claimed in claim 14 in which the group (Y) is a bis-tetradecyl 4,4'-biphenyl ether.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
18 words
A linker lipid as claimed in claim 14 in which the group (Y) is a bis-dodecyl 4,4'-biphenyl ether.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
33 words
A linker lipid as claimed in claim 14 in which the group (Y) is a single chain group that is between 20-60 Å long and contains within the chain an alkyl substituted amine.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
34 words
A linker lipid as claimed in claim 14 in which the group (Y) consist in a single chain group that is between 20-60 Å long and contains within the chain a bis-alkylated pentaerythritol group.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
26 words
A linker lipid as claimed in claim 14 in which the group (Y) contains groups that can alter their conformation in response to an external stimulus.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
27 words
A linker lipid as claimed in claim 29 in which the external stimulus is selected from the group consisting of light, pH, redox chemistry and electric field.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
25 words
A linker lipid as claimed in claim 1 in which the hydrophobic region of the linker lipid consists of oligomers of long chain amino acids.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
44 words
A linker lipid as claimed in claim 29 in which the oligomers of long chain amino acids are 11-aminoundecanoic acid, 16-aminohexadecanoic acid or other amino acid having a carbon chain between 6-20 carbons long, and where the amino acids are linked via amide linkages.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
37 words
A linker lipid as claimed in claim 32 in which the amide groups are tertiary, alkyl substituted amide groups, where the alkyl substitutions are phytanyl groups or saturated or unsaturated alkyl groups between 1-18 carbons in length.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
19 words
A linker lipid as claimed in claim 1 in which the membrane spanning lipid is a single chain lipid.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
26 words
A linker lipid as claimed in claim 34 in which the single chain lipid is a single chain hydrocarbon group of length between 20-60 Å long.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
27 words
A linker lipid as claimed in claim 34 in which single chain lipid is between 20-60 Å long and contains within the chain a rigid spacer group.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
23 words
A linker lipid as claimed in claim 36 in which the rigid spacer is a biphenyl ether or biphenylamine or other biphenyl compound.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
27 words
A linker lipid as claimed in claim 34 in which the single chain lipid contains groups that can alter their conformation in response to an external stimulus.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
27 words
A linker lipid as claimed in claim 38 in which the external stimulus is selected from the group consisting of light, pH, redox chemistry and electric field.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
30 words
A linker lipid as claimed in claim 1 in which the hydrophobic region of a proportion of the linker lipids have covalently attached thereto an ionophore via a hydrophobic spacer.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
11 words
A membrane including the linker lipid as claimed in claim 1.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
53 words
A synthetic lipid for use in bilayer membranes, the synthetic lipid having the the following structure: ##STR2## in which Y is a single chain group that is between 20 and 60 Å long and contains a rigid spacer group and X are hydrocarbon chains approximately half the length of Y or are absent.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
53 words
A synthetic lipid for use in bilayer membranes, the synthetic lipid having the the following structure: ##STR2## in which Y is a single chain group that is between 20 and 60 Å long and contains a rigid spacer group and X are hydrocarbon chains approximately half the length of Y or are absent.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
22 words
A synthetic lipid as claimed in claim 42 in which the groups (X) are present and are between 10-22 carbons in length.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
34 words
A synthetic lipid as claimed in claim 43 in which the group (X) is selected from the group consisting of saturated, unsaturated or polyunsaturated hydrocarbon, alkyl substituted hydrocarbon and mono- or permethylated hydrocarbon chain.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
17 words
A synthetic lipid as claimed in claim 44 in which the group (X) is a phytanyl group.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
17 words
A synthetic lipid as claimed in claim 42 in which the group (X) is a phytanyl group.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
24 words
A synthetic lipid as claimed in claim 42 in which the rigid spacer group is a biphenyl ether or biphenylamine or other biphenyl compound.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
35 words
A synthetic lipid as claimed in claim 42 in which the group (Y) is a single chain group that is between 30-50 Å long and contains within the chain a N,N'-alkyl substituted 4,4'-biphenyl amine group.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
33 words
A synthetic lipid as claimed in claim 42 in which the group (Y) is a single chain group that is between 30-50 Å long and contains within the chain a 4,4'-biphenyl ether group.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
18 words
A synthetic lipid as claimed in claim 42 in which the group (Y) is a bis-hexadecyl 4,4'-biphenyl ether.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
18 words
A synthetic lipid as claimed in claim 42 in which the group (Y) is a bis-tetradecyl 4,4'-biphenyl ether.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
18 words
A synthetic lipid as claimed in claim 42 in which the group (Y) is a bis-dodecyl 4,4'-biphenyl ether.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
33 words
A synthetic lipid as claimed in claim 42 in which the group (Y) is a single chain group that is between 20-60 Å long and contains within the chain an alkyl substituted amine.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
34 words
A synthetic lipid as claimed in claim 42 in which the group (Y) consist in a single chain group that is between 20-60 Å long and contains within the chain a bis-alkylated pentaerythritol group.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
15 words
A synthetic lipid as claimed in claim 42 in which the groups X are absent.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
11 words
A membrane including the synthetic lipid as claimed in claim 42.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2000-06-09 | 2000-12-09 | 2001-06-10 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2004-06-09 | 2004-12-09 | 2005-06-10 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2008-06-09 | 2008-12-09 | 2009-06-10 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |