US5234566A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Sensitivity and selectivity of ion channel biosensor membranes
Assignee: Australian Membrane and Biotechnology Research Institute Ltd
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Filing: 1989-08-17
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Granted: 1993-08-10
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Expires: 2009-08-17
Abstract
Abstract The present invention provides a biosensor comprising at least one lipid membrane, each membrane including at least one gated ion channel. The membranes comprise a closely packed array of self-assembly amphophilic molecules and the gated ion channel has a conductance which is dependent upon an electric field applied across the membrane. The biosensor of the present invention may comprise a plurality of discrete membranes each including at least one gated ion channel. The conductance of each of the membranes is measurable independently of the conductance of the other membranes.
Inventors
- 👤 Peter D. J. Osman
- 👤 Bruce A. Cornell
- 👤 Burkhard Raguse
- 👤 Lionel G. King
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-30 12:29
CPC Classifications
C; C12; C12Q; C12Q1/00; C12Q1/001; C12Q1/002; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S435/00; Y10S435/817; Y10S436/00; Y10S436/806
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 40
Claim 1
Independent Claim
103 words
A biosensor comprising a plurality of discrete, substantially identical membranes, each membrane including at least one gated ion channel, the conductance of each membrane being measurable independently of the conductance of the other membranes, each of said membranes comprising a closely packed array of self-assembling amphophilic molecules, at least one dedicated electrode provided on one side of the membrane which cooperates with an electrode on the other side of the membrane to enable the application of an electrical potential across the membrane, the at least one gated ion channel having a conductance which is dependent upon the electric potential applied across the membrane.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
103 words
A biosensor comprising a plurality of discrete, substantially identical membranes, each membrane including at least one gated ion channel, the conductance of each membrane being measurable independently of the conductance of the other membranes, each of said membranes comprising a closely packed array of self-assembling amphophilic molecules, at least one dedicated electrode provided on one side of the membrane which cooperates with an electrode on the other side of the membrane to enable the application of an electrical potential across the membrane, the at least one gated ion channel having a conductance which is dependent upon the electric potential applied across the membrane.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
24 words
A biosensor as claimed in claim 1 in which the ion channel is modified by incorporation or removal of polar, dipolar or polarisable groups.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
65 words
A biosensor as claimed in claim 1 in which at least one dedicated electrode is provided on one side of each membrane which cooperates with an electrode on the other side of the each membrane to enable the application of an electric potential across the membrane, the plurality of membranes being multiplexed by multiplexing the signal applied to or measured from the respective discrete electrodes.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
94 words
A biosensor comprising a plurality of discrete substantially identical membranes, each membrane including at least one gated ion channel, each of said membranes comprising a closely packed array of self-assembling amphophilic molecules, the conductance of each of said membranes being measurable independently of the conductance of the other membranes, at least one dedicated electrode provided on one side of the membrane which cooperates with an electrode on the other side of the membrane to enable the application of an electric potential across the membrane, the signal applied to or measured from the discrete membranes.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
94 words
A biosensor comprising a plurality of discrete substantially identical membranes, each membrane including at least one gated ion channel, each of said membranes comprising a closely packed array of self-assembling amphophilic molecules, the conductance of each of said membranes being measurable independently of the conductance of the other membranes, at least one dedicated electrode provided on one side of the membrane which cooperates with an electrode on the other side of the membrane to enable the application of an electric potential across the membrane, the signal applied to or measured from the discrete membranes.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
31 words
A biosensor as claimed in claim 1 in which the ion channel is selected from the group consisting of peptides capable of forming helices and aggregates thereof, podands, coronands and cyptands.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
23 words
A biosensor as claimed in claim 5 in which the ion channel is a peptide capable of forming a helix or aggregates thereof.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
20 words
A biosensor as claimed in claim 6 in which the ion channel is a peptide which forms a β helix.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
17 words
A biosensor as claimed in claim 7 in which the ion channel is gramicidin or analogs thereof.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
18 words
A biosensor as claimed in claim 8 in which the ion channel is gramicidin A or analogs thereof.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
20 words
A biosensor as claimed in claim 1 in which the gates ion channel can diffuse laterally within the lipid membrane.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
39 words
A biosensor as claimed in claim 1 in which the conductance of each lipid membrane is measured by means of a high impedance address lines, a separate address line being provided to each lipid membrane and/or multiplexing the membrane.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
21 words
A biosensor as claimed in claim 11 in which the conductance of each lipid membrane is measured by multiplexing the membranes.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
14 words
A biosensor as claimed in claim 12 in which the membranes are serially multiplexed.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
27 words
A biosensor as claimed in claim 12 in which the conductance measurements are made using multiplex lines of low impedance and at least one current sensing line.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
15 words
A biosensor as claimed in claim 14 in which there is one current sensing line.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
67 words
A biosensor as claimed in claim 1 in which the conductance of each membrane is measured by means of switching between low impedance address lines each of which supplies a signal which is measured either by a single current sensor common to all the address lines or by a number of current sensors which are electrically isolated from each other and which measure groups of address lines.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
67 words
A biosensor as claimed in claim 1 in which the conductance of each membrane is measured by means of switching between high impedance address lines each of which supply a signal which is measured either by a single current sensor common to all the address lines or by a number of current sensors which are electrically isolated from each other and which measure groups of address lines.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
17 words
A biosensor as claimed in claim 11 which the gated ion channels are field effect ion channels.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
21 words
A biosensor as claimed in claim 18 in which the plurality of discrete membranes are arranged in a two dimensional array.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
53 words
A biosensor as claimed in claim 19 in which the multiplex lines are driven from a complex signal such that in the two dimensional array each address line in one dimension has signal components which are cross modulated with signals from address lines in the other dimension by the field effect ion channel
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
60 words
A biosensor as claimed in claim 1 in which the conductance of each lipid membrane is measured by means of a high impedance address line either by using a separate amplifier for each membrane or by switching one amplifier between each membrane or by switching a number of amplifiers between a number of membranes such that each membrane is measured.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
31 words
A biosensor as claimed in claim 4 in which the ion channel is selected from the group consisting of peptides capable of forming helices and aggregates thereof, podands, coronands and cryptands.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
23 words
A biosensor as claimed in claim 22 in which the ion channel is a peptide capable of forming a helix or aggregates thereof.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
20 words
A biosensor as claimed in claim 23 in which the ion channel is a peptide which forms a β helix.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
17 words
A biosensor as claimed in claim 24 in which the ion channel is gramicidin or analogs thereof.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
18 words
A biosensor as claimed in claim 25 in which the ion channel is gramicidin A or analogs thereof.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
20 words
A biosensor as claimed in claim 4 in which the grated ion channel can diffuse laterally within the lipid membrane.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
39 words
A biosensor as claimed in claim 4 in which the conductance of each lipid membrane is measured by means of a high impedance address lines, a separate address line being provided to each lipid membrane and/or multiplexing the membranes.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
21 words
A biosensor as claimed in claim 28 in which the conductance of each lipid membrane is measured by multiplexing the membranes.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
14 words
A biosensor as claimed in claim 29 in which the membranes are serially multiplexed.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
27 words
A biosensor as claimed in claim 29 in which the conductance measurements are made using multiplex lines of low impedance and at least one current sensing line.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
15 words
A biosensor as claimed in claim 31 in which there is one current sensing line.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
67 words
A biosensor as claimed in claim 21 in which the conductance of each membrane is measured by means of switching between low impedance address lines each of which supplies a signal which is measured either by a single current sensor common to all the address lines or by a number of current sensors which are electrically isolated from each other and which measure groups of address lines.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
67 words
A biosensor as claimed in claim 4 in which the conductance of each membrane is measured by means of switching between high impedance address lines each of which supply a signal which is measured either by a single current sensor common to all the address lines or by a number of current sensors which are electrically isolated from each other and which measure groups of address lines.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
18 words
A biosensor as claimed in claim 4 in which the gated ion channels are field effect ion channels.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
21 words
A biosensor as claimed in claim 35 in which the plurality of discrete membranes are arranged in a two dimensional array.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
53 words
A biosensor as claimed in claim 36 in which the multiplex lines are driven from a complex signal such that in the two dimensional array each address line in one dimension has signal components which are cross modulated with signals from address lines in the other dimension by the field effect ion channel.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
60 words
A biosensor as claimed in claim 4 in which the conductance of each lipid membrane is measured by means of a high impedance address line either by using a separate amplifier for each membrane or by switching one amplifier between each membrane or by switching a number of amplifiers between a number of membranes such that each membrane is measured.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1996-08-09 | 1997-02-08 | 1997-08-10 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2000-08-09 | 2001-02-08 | 2001-08-10 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2004-08-09 | 2005-02-08 | 2005-08-10 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |