US5460747A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Multiple-substituted bleach activators
Assignee: North Carolina State University
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Filing: 1994-08-31
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Granted: 1995-10-24
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Expires: 2014-08-31
Abstract
Abstract Bleaching compositions, laundry and automatic dishwashing detergent compositions comprising multiple-substituted bleach activators which have at least one quaternary nitrogen atom, are provided. More specifically, the invention relates to compositions which provide enhanced cleaning/bleaching benefits though the selection of multiple-substituted quaternary bleach activators having specific leaving groups with a conjugate acid aqueous pKa above 13 and with advantageous ratios of rate of perhydrolysis to rate of hydrolysis and of rate of perhydrolysis to rate of diacylperoxide production. Included are preferred activator compounds and methods for washing fabrics, hard surfaces, and tableware using the activators.
Inventors
- 👤 Eugene P. Gosselink
- 👤 Gregory S. Miracle
- 👤 Alan D. Willey
- 👤 Michael E. Burns
- 👤 Kevin L. Kott
- 👤 Mark R. Sivik
- 👤 Lucille F. Taylor
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-03 00:06
CPC Classifications
C; C11; C11D; C11D3/00; C11D3/39; C11D3/3902; C11D3/3905; C11D3/3907; C11D3/3917; C11D3/3927
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 18
Claim 1
Independent Claim
238 words
A bleaching composition comprising: (a) an effective amount of a source of hydrogen peroxide; and (b) an effective amount of a multiple-substituted bleach activator of the formula Q(C(X)L).sub.t wherein said multiple-substituted bleach activator is associated with charge-balancing compatible anions; Q is a moiety which comprises q tetravalent nitrogen atoms, wherein q is from about 1 to about 4, each of said tetravalent nitrogen atoms is separated from its nearest proximate --C(X)L group by a linkage of at least two carbon atoms, and provided that the atom in Q to which any --C(X)L is bonded is a carbon atom; X is O; t is 2 or 3; and L is selected from the group consisting of cyclic amidines with a ring size of from about 5 to about 12 atoms; lactams with a ring size of from about 6 to about 12 atoms; anilino derivatives; and mixtures thereof, and further provided that said multiple-substituted bleach activator has a ratio of: (i) k P /k H ≧1 wherein k P is the rate constant for perhydrolysis of said bleach activator and k H is the rate constant for hydrolysis of said bleach activator; and has a ratio of (ii) k P /K D ≧5 wherein k P is as defined in (i) and wherein k D is the rate constant for formation of a diacylperoxide from said bleach activator; and further provided that k H <10M -1 s -1 .
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
238 words
A bleaching composition comprising: (a) an effective amount of a source of hydrogen peroxide; and (b) an effective amount of a multiple-substituted bleach activator of the formula Q(C(X)L).sub.t wherein said multiple-substituted bleach activator is associated with charge-balancing compatible anions; Q is a moiety which comprises q tetravalent nitrogen atoms, wherein q is from about 1 to about 4, each of said tetravalent nitrogen atoms is separated from its nearest proximate --C(X)L group by a linkage of at least two carbon atoms, and provided that the atom in Q to which any --C(X)L is bonded is a carbon atom; X is O; t is 2 or 3; and L is selected from the group consisting of cyclic amidines with a ring size of from about 5 to about 12 atoms; lactams with a ring size of from about 6 to about 12 atoms; anilino derivatives; and mixtures thereof, and further provided that said multiple-substituted bleach activator has a ratio of: (i) k P /k H ≧1 wherein k P is the rate constant for perhydrolysis of said bleach activator and k H is the rate constant for hydrolysis of said bleach activator; and has a ratio of (ii) k P /K D ≧5 wherein k P is as defined in (i) and wherein k D is the rate constant for formation of a diacylperoxide from said bleach activator; and further provided that k H <10M -1 s -1 .
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
21 words
A bleaching composition according to claim 1 in which said multiple-substituted bleach activator has a perhydrolysis efficiency of at least 10%.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
19 words
A bleaching composition according to claim 2 wherein k P /k H ≧2; and k P /k D ≧50.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
13 words
A bleaching composition according to claim 3 wherein k P /k H ≧5.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
46 words
A bleaching composition according to claim 2 wherein L is selected from the group consisting of: cyclic amidines with a ring size of from about 5 to about 7 atoms; lactams with a ring size of from about 6 to about 7 atoms; and mixtures thereof.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
59 words
A bleaching composition according to claim 3 wherein L is selected from the group consisting of: a) the 4,5-saturated 5-membered cyclic amidine having the formula: ##STR32## wherein A, B, C, D and E are selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, substituted alkyl, substituted aryl, and substituted alkaryl; b) caprolactams; c) valerolactams; and d) mixtures thereof.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
59 words
A bleaching composition according to claim 6 wherein L is said cyclic amidine; E is selected from the group consisting of H, ethoxylated alkyl, and linear alkyl; and wherein A, B, C, and D are independently selected from the group consisting of H, aryl, substituted aryl, alkaryl, ethoxylated alkyl, substituted alkaryl and linear or branched substituted or unsubstituted alkyl.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
41 words
A bleaching composition according to claim 7 wherein L is selected from the group consisting of caprolactam, valerolactam, cyclic amidine wherein E is selected from H and C 1-5 alkyl and A, B, C and D are hydrogen; and mixtures thereof.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
28 words
A bleaching composition according to claim 8 wherein L is cyclic amidine wherein E is hydrogen or C 1 alkyl and A, B, C, and D are hydrogen.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
28 words
A bleaching composition according to claim 9 further comprising a member selected from the following: a laundry detergent surfactant; a low-foaming automatic dishwashing surfactant; and a bleach-stable thickener.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
30 words
A laundry bleaching composition according to claim 10 wherein said laundry detergent surfactant comprises a member selected from the group consisting of ethoxylated surfactants, sugar-derived surfactants, sarcosinates and amine oxides.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
34 words
A bleaching composition according to claim 10 further comprising at least one anionic surfactant, provided that the bleach activator does not react with said anionic surfactant to form a visible precipitate at ambient temperature.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
57 words
A bleaching composition according to claim 11 in granular laundry detergent form comprising: a) from about 0.1% to about 10% of said bleach activator; b) from about 0.5% to about 25% of said source of hydrogen peroxide in the form of a perborate or percarbonate salt; and c) from about 0.5% to about 25% of said surfactant.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
58 words
A bleaching composition according to claim 10 having granular automatic dishwashing detergent form comprising: a) from about 0.1% to about 10% of said bleach activator; b) from about 0.5% to about 25% of said source of hydrogen peroxide in the form of a perborate or percarbonate salt; and c) from about 0.1% to about 7% of said surfactant.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
32 words
A bleaching composition according to claim 10 further comprising one or more members selected from the following: a conventional bleach activator; a transition-metal containing bleach catalyst; a detergent builder; and mixtures thereof.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
53 words
A bleaching composition according to claim 10 wherein said bleach activator is surface-active, having a critical micelle concentration of less than or equal to about 10 -2 molar and comprising one long-chain moiety having a chain of from about 8 to about 12 atoms; and wherein said charge-balancing compatible anions are non surface-active.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
30 words
A method for removing stains from fabrics, dishware, or hard surfaces, comprising contacting said stains in an aqueous solution, dispersion or slurry comprising a bleaching composition according to claim 1.
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