High electrically conductive polyanaline complexes having polar substitutents

Claim 2

An electrically conductive substituted or unsubstituted conjugated homopolymer or copolymer complex comprising a substituted or unsubstituted positively charged conjugated homopolymer or copolymer cation doped with a negatively charge dopant anion, said dopant anion having at least one anionic functionality and having at least one functionality selected from the group consisting of non-ionic polar groups having an electronegativity or electropositivity such that said group or groups have a net polar group molar contribution greater than zero.

Claim 3

A complex according to claim 1 wherein said conjugated homopolymer or copolymer is a conjugated backbone homopolymer or copolymer.

Claim 4

A complex according to claim 2 wherein said conjugated backbone homopolymer or copolymer is a substituted or unsubstituted polyaniline.

Claim 5

A complex according to claim 3 wherein said polyaniline is of the type derived from polymerizing an aniline of the Formula I: ##STR10## or is a derivative of a polyaniline of the type derived from polymerizing said aniline, wherein: n is an integer from 1 to 5; m is an integer from 0 to 5, with the proviso that the sum of n and m is 5 and with the further proviso that at least one position on the aniline ring is substituted with a substituent which will allow coupling of aniline groups to form the polyaniline; R 1 is phosphinic acid or a salt or ester thereof, phosphonic acid or a salt or ester thereof, sulfonic acid or a salt or ester thereof, boric acid or a salt or ester thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt or ester thereof, amino, hydroxy, sulfinic acid or a salt or ester thereof, nitro, carboxylic acid or a salt or ester thereof, halo, cyano, deuterium, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, alkanoyl, alkylthio, alkynyl, dialkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino, alkylarylamino, aryloxy, hydroxy, alkylthioalkyl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl, amino, alkylsulfinyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylsulfonyl, aryl, arylthio, arylsulfinyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylsilane, or arylsulfonyl, wherein permissible substituents are one or more amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino, phosphinic acid salt or ester thereof, alkylarylamino, phosphonic acid salt or ester thereof, sulfonic acid salt or ester thereof, boric acid salt or ester thereof, sulfinic acid salt or ester thereof, phosphoric acid salt or ester thereof, carboxylic acid salt or ester thereof, halo, nitro, hydroxy, cyano or epoxy moieties; or any two R 1 substituents or any one R 1 substituent and R 2 substituent taken together may form substituted or unsubstituted alkylene, alkynylene or alkenylene chain or a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene, alkynylene or alkenylene chain including one or more divalent ester, carbonyl, nitrogen, sulfur, sulfinyl, sulfonyl or oxygen completing a 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 membered aromatic, heteroalicyclic, heteroaromatic or alicyclic carbon ring, wherein permissible substituents are one or more amino, alkylamino, phosphinic acid salt or ester thereof, dialkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino, alkylaryiamino, phosphonic acid or a salt or ester thereof, sulfonic acid or a salt or ester thereof, boric acid or a salt or ester thereof, sulfinic acid or a salt or ester thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt or ester thereof, carboxylic acid or a salt or ester thereof, halo, nitro, hydroxy, cyano or epoxy moieties, or R 1 is an aliphatic moiety having repeat units of the formula: (OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.q O--CH.sub.3, (OCH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3)).sub.q O--CH.sub.3, (CH.sub.2).sub.q CF.sub.3, (CF.sub.2).sub.q CF.sub.3 or (CH.sub.2).sub.q CH.sub.3 wherein q is a positive whole number; and R 2 is the same or different at each occurrence and is R 1 substituents or hydrogen.

Claim 6

A complex according to claim 4 wherein n is 0 to 4 and m is 1 to 5.

Claim 7

A complex according to claim 5 wherein the polyaniline comprises repeat units of the Formula II, Formula III or a combination thereof; ##STR11## wherein: n and m are the same or different at each occurrence and are integers from 0 to 4, with the proviso that the sum of n and m is 4; R 1 is phosphinic acid or a salt or ester thereof, phosphonic acid or a salt or ester thereof, sulfinic acid or a salt or ester thereof, boric acid or a salt or ester thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt or ester thereof, alkylamino, dialkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino, alkylarylamino, amino, hydroxy, sulfonic acid or a salt or ester thereof, nitro, carboxylic acid or a salt or ester thereof, halo, cyano, deuterium, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, cyclalkenyl, alkanoyl, alkylthio, alkynyl, dialkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino, alkylarylamino, aryloxy, hydroxy, alkylthioalkyl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl, amino, alkylsufinyl, alkoxylalkyl, alkylsulfonyl, aryl, arylthio, arylsulfinyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylsilane, or arylsulfonyl, wherein permissible substituents are one or more amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino, phosphinic acid or a salt or ester thereof, alkylarylamino, phosphonic acid or a salt or ester thereof, sulfonic acid or a salt or ester thereof, boric acid or a salt or ester thereof, sulfinic acid or a salt or ester thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt or ester thereof, carboxylic acid or a salt or ester thereof, halo, nitro, hydroxy, cyano or epoxy moieties; or any two R 1 substituents or any one R 1 substituent and R 2 substituent taken together may form substituted or unsubstituted alkylene, alkynylene or alkenylene chain or substituted or unsubstituted alkylene, alkynylene or alkenylene chain including one or more divalent ester, carbonyl, nitrogen, sulfur, sulfinyl, sulfonyl or oxygen completing a 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 membered aromatic, heteroalicyclic, heteroaromatic or alicyclic carbon ring, wherein permissible substituents are one or more amino, alkylamino, phosphinic acid or a salt or ester thereof, dialkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino, alkylarylamino, phosphonic acid or a salt or ester thereof, sulfonic acid or a salt or ester thereof, boric acid or a salt or ester thereof, sulfinic acid or a salt or ester thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt or ester thereof, carboxylic acid or a salt or ester thereof, halo, nitro, hydroxy, cyano or epoxy moieties, or R 1 is an aliphatic moiety having repeat units of the formula: (OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.q O--CH.sub.3, (OCH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3)).sub.q O--CH.sub.3, (CH.sub.2).sub.q CF.sub.3, (CF.sub.2).sub.q CF.sub.3 or (CH.sub.2).sub.q CH.sub.3 wherein q is a positive whole number; and R 2 is the same or different at each occurrence and is R 1 substituents or hydrogen.

Claim 8

A complex according to claim 6 wherein said homopolymer or copolymer is comprised of the Formula IV: ##STR12## wherein: x and y are the same or different at each occurrence and are integers equal to or greater than 0, with the proviso that the sum of x and y are greater than 0; z is an integer equal to or greater than about 1; n is an integer from 0 to 4; m is an integer from 0 to 4, with the proviso that the sum of n and m is 4; R 1 is the same or different at each occurrence and is alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, alkanoyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino, alkylarylamino, alkylthio, aryloxy, alkylthioalkyl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylsulfonyl, aryl, arylthio, arylsulfinyl, alkoxycarbonyl, sulfinic acid or a salt or ester thereof, phosphinic acid or a salt or ester thereof, phosphonic acid or a salt or ester thereof, alkylsilane, boric acid or a salt or ester thereof, arylsulfonyl, carboxylic acid or a salt or ester thereof, halo, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, sulfonic acid or a salt or ester thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt or ester thereof or aryl, alkyl or alkoxy substituted with one or more sulfinic acid or a salt or ester thereof, carboxylic acid or a salt or ester thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt or ester thereof, boric acid or a salt or ester thereof, sulfonic acid or a salt or ester thereof, halo, nitro, cyano, epoxy, hydroxy, phosphinic acid or a salt or ester thereof, or phosphonic acid or a salt or ester thereof; or any two R 1 groups or any one R 1 group and R 2 group together may form a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene or alkenylene chain or a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene or alkenylene chain including one or more divalent nitrogen, ester, carbonyl, sulfur, sulfinyl, sulfonyl or oxygen group completing a 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 membered heteroaromatic, heteroalicyclic, aromatic or alicyclic carbon ring, wherein permissible substituents are one or more sulfonic acid or salt or ester thereof, carboxylic acid or salt or ester thereof, phosphoric acid or salt or ester thereof, boric acid or salt or ester thereof, sulfinic acid or salt or ester thereof, halo, nitro, cyano, epoxy, hydroxy, phosphinic acid or salt or ester thereof or, phosphonic acid or salt or ester thereof.

Claim 9

A complex according to claim 7 wherein R 2 is hydrogen.

Claim 10

A complex according to claim 8 wherein m is 3 or 4 and n is 0 or 1.

Claim 11

A complex according to claim 9 wherein R 1 is the same or different at each occurrence and is alkyl or alkoxy having from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, sulfonic acid or salt or ester thereof, carboxylic acid or salt or ester thereof, phosphoric acid or salt or ester thereof, boric acid or salt or ester thereof, sulfinic acid or salt or ester thereof, phosphinic acid or salt or thereof or phosphonic acid or salt or ester thereof.

Claim 12

A complex according to claim 10 wherein R 1 is the same or different at each occurrence and is alkyl or alkoxy having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms or sulfonic acid or salt thereof.

Claim 13

A complex according to claim 11 wherein: x is an integer equal to or greater than 1; y is equal to or greater than 0; and z is an integer equal to or greater than about 5.

Claim 14

A complex according to claim 12 wherein: x and y are integer equal to or greater than 1 with the proviso that the ratio of x to y is equal to or greater than 1; and z is an integer equal to or greater than 5.

Claim 15

A complex according to claim 13 wherein: m is 4 and n is 0; x and y are integers equal to or greater than 1, with the proviso that the ratio of x to y is equal to about 2; and z is an integer equal to or greater than about 10.

Claim 16

A complex according to claim 1 wherein said dopant anion is substituted by a polar group or polar groups having a net polar group molar contribution greater than about 200 J 1/2 cm 2 mol -1 .

Claim 17

A complex according to claim 15 wherein said net polar group molar contribution is greater than 400 J 1/2 cm 2 mol -1 .

Claim 18

A complex according to claim 16 wherein said net polar group molar contribution is greater than 500 J 1/2 cm 2 mol -1 .

Claim 19

A complex according to claim 16 wherein said net polar group molar contribution is from about 500 to about 1000 J 1/2 cm 2 mol -1 .

Claim 20

A complex according to claim 16 wherein said dopant anions are organic species of the formulas: R.sub.4 (PO.sub.3.sup.=).sub.r, (PO.sub.2.sup.=).sub.r, (SO.sub.2.sup.-).sub.r, (PO.sub.2 (R.sub.6).sup.-).sub.r, SO.sub.3.sup.-).sub.r, (CO.sub.2.sup.-).sub.r, (PO(R.sub.6).sup.-).sub.r, [(BO.sub.2.sup.=).sup.r (PO.sub.3.sup.-).sub.r (PO.sub.2.sup.-).sub.r (BO.sub.2.sup.-).sub.r ] or (BO.sub.2.sup.=).sub.r, wherein: R 4 is an organic radical with the proviso that R 4 is substituted with one or more polar groups; R 6 is an organic radical or hydrogen; and r is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 8, with the proviso that at least one r is not 0.

Claim 21

A complex according to claim 19 wherein said dopant anions are derived from organic acid dopants having anionic moieties of the formulas: R.sub.4 (PO.sub.3.sup.=).sub.r (PO.sub.2.sup.=).sub.r (SO.sub.2.sup.-).sub.r (PO.sub.2 (R.sub.6).sup.-).sub.r (SO.sub.3.sup.-).sub.r (CO.sub.2 .sup.-).sub.r (PO(R.sub.6).sup.-).sub.r (BO.sub.2.sup.=) having a cationic moiety or moieties of the Formula: M.sup.+s wherein at least one of the cationic moieties of the formula M +s is a proton or is a moiety which can be transformed into a proton under use conditions; M +s is a cationic species having a positive charge s; s is an integer equal to or greater than 1, preferably from 1 to about 8; R 4 and R 6 are the same or different and are organic radicals, with the proviso that R 4 is substituted with at least one polar group; and r is the same or different and is an integer equal to or greater than 0 with the proviso that at least one r is greater than 0; preferably from 0 to about 8.

Claim 22

A complex according to claim 20 wherein dopants are acids or acid derivatives of the formula: R.sub.4 (PO.sub.2 (R.sub.6)M).sub.g (PO.sub.3 M.sub.2).sub.f (SO.sub.3 M).sub.c (CO.sub.2 M).sub.d (PO.sub.2 M.sub.2).sub.t (SO.sub.2 M).sub.h (PO(R.sub.6)M); or ##STR13## wherein: M is H + , or other metal or non-metal cation with the proviso that at least one of M is H + or a moiety which can be thermally or chemically transformed into a proton under use conditions; t is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; h is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; i is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; c is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; d is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; f is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; g is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, with the proviso that at least one of c, d, f, g, h, i or t is other than 0; e is 0, 1 or 2; R 4 is a polar group selected from the group consisting of aryl, alkythio, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, carbonyl, alkylcarbonylalkyl, alkylsulfinylalkyl, hydroxy, alkylsulfonylalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkylarylamino, halo, dialkylarylamino, alkylthioalkyl, amino, alkoxy, alkylaryl, aryloxy, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, aryloxyalkoxy, alkoxyaryl, alkylaryloxy or alkoxyaryloxy, or is alkyl or arylalkyl substituted with one or more of said polar groups or one or more sulfonic acid or a salt or ester thereof, sulfinic acid or a salt or ester thereof, phosphonic acid or a salt or ester thereof, phosphinic acid or a salt or ester thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt or ester thereof, carboxylic acid or a salt or ester thereof, or boric acid or a salt or ester thereof; R 5 is the same or different at each occurrence and is a polar group selected from the group consisting of cyano, nitro, hydroxy, halo, amino, carbonyl or substituted or unsubstituted alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonylalkyl, alkylsulfinylalkyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aryloxy, alkylarylamino, alkylaryl, alkylthioalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylthio, alkylsulfonyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, aryloxyalkoxy, alkoxyaryl, alkylaryloxy or alkoxyaryloxy or substituted alkyl, wherein permissible substituents are one or more sulfonic acid or a salt or ester thereof, sulfinic acid or a salt or ester thereof, phosphonic acid or a salt or ester thereof, phosphinic acid or a salt or ester thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt or ester thereof, carboxylic acid or a salt or ester thereof, or boric acid or a salt or ester thereof, or any two or more R 5 substituents together may form an alkylene or alkenylene chain completing a ring system which may include one or more cyclic rings, which chain is substituted with one or more of said polar groups, sulfonic acid or a salt or ester thereof, sulfinic acid or a salt or ester thereof, phosphonic acid or a salt or ester thereof, phosphinic acid or a salt or ester thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt or ester thereof, carboxylic acid or a salt or ester thereof, or boric acid or a salt or ester thereof, or R 5 is a moiety of the formula: --(OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.q OCH.sub.3 or --(OCH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3)).sub.q OCH.sub.3 wherein: q is a positive whole number from 6 to about 12 or alkyl substituted with said moiety; and R 6 is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, aryloxy, arylalkoxy, alkylsulfinyl, alkylthio, alkylsulfonyl or alkoxy.

Claim 23

A complex according to claim 21 wherein said dopants are of the formula: R.sub.4 (PO.sub.2 (R.sub.6)M).sub.g (PO.sub.3 M.sub.2).sub.f (SO.sub.3 M).sub.c (PO.sub.2 M.sub.2).sub.t (SO.sub.2 M).sub.h (PO(R.sub.6)M); or ##STR14## wherein: c, t, f, g, h and i are the same or different at each occurrence and are 0, 1, 2, or 3, with the proviso that at least one of c, d, t, f or g, i or h is other than 0; e is 1 or 2; R 4 is substituted alkyl or phenylalkyl wherein permissible substituents are polar groups selected from the group consisting of carbonyl, carboxylic acid or a salt, carboxy, hydroxy, alkoxy, halo, phenyl, phenoxy, phenyl or phenoxy substituted with one or more alkyl, alkoxy, carbonyl, carboxylic acid, carboxylate salt, hydroxy, sulfonic acid, sulfonate salt, haloalkyl, perhaloalkyl, alkylthio or alkylthioalkyl; R 5 is the same or different at each occurrence and is a polar group selected from the group consisting of cyano, nitro, alkoxylalkyl, alkoxy, halo, phenoxy, hydroxy, carbonyl, carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, phenyl or phenoxy substituted with one or more alkyl, alkoxy, sulfo, cyano, nitro, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, halo, hydroxy, sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, alkylsulfinyl, alkysulfonyl, alkylsulfinylalkyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, carboxylic acid or a salt thereof alkylthio or alkylthioalkyl substituents or any two R 5 substituents together may form substituted alkylene or alkenylene chain completing an aromatic or an alicyclic ring system wherein permissible substituents are the aforesaid polar groups, sulfinic acid or a salt thereof, sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, phosphonic acid or a salt thereof, or phosphinic acid or a salt therof, or R 5 is a moiety of the formula: --(OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.q OCH.sub.3 OR --(OCH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3)).sub.q OCH.sub.3 wherein: q is a positive whole number from 6 to about 12: R 6 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy or substituted or unsubstituted phenoxy, phenyl or phenylalkyl wherein permissible substitutients are alkyl, alkoxy or a combination thereof; and M is H + or other metal or non-metal cation, with the proviso that at least one of M is H + or a moiety which can be thermally or chemically transformed into a proton under use or process conditions.

Claim 24

A complex according to claim 22 wherein said dopants are of the formula: R.sub.4 (PO.sub.2 M).sub.t (SO.sub.3 M).sub.c (PO.sub.3).sub.f or ##STR15## wherein: c, f and t are the same or different and are 0, 1 or 2, with the proviso that at least one of c, f and t is not 0; e is 1 or 2; R 4 is alkyl or phenylalkyl substituted with one or more phenoxy, halo, alkoxyphenoxy, alkylphenoxy, carbonyl, hydroxy, carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, alkoxy or phenoxy substituted with one or more sulfonic acid or a salt thereof or carboxylic acid or a salt thereof; R 5 is the same or different at each occurrence and is a polar group selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, halo, carbonyl, carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, or carbonyl, or substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl, alkoxyphenoxy, alkylphencxy, alkoxy, phenylalkoxy, or phenoxy, or substituted alkyl wherein permissible substituents are one or more sulfonic acid or a salt thereof or carboxylic acid or a salt thereof; or two or more R 5 groups together may form a divalent alkenylene chain completing a naphthalene ring substituted with one or more of said polar groups, sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, phosphonic acid or a salt thereof, phosphinic acid or a salt thereof or sulfinic acid or a salt thereof; and M is H + or other metal or non-metal cation, with the proviso that at least one of M is H + or is a moiety which can be thermally transformed into a proton under use or process conditions.

Claim 25

A complex according to claim 23 wherein said dopants are acids or acid derivatives of the formula: R.sub.4 (SO.sub.3 M).sub.c or ##STR16## wherein: c is 1, 2 or 3; e is 1 or 2; R 4 is alkyl substituted with one or more polar groups selected from the group consisting of phenoxy, phenoxy substituted with one or more sulfonic acid or a salt thereof or carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, hydroxy, carbonyl, or fluoro groups; R 5 is the same or different at each occurrence and is a polar groups selected from the groups consisting of phenoxy, phenoxy substituted with one or more sulfonic acid or a salt thereof or carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, hydroxy, carbonyl, or two or more R 5 groups together may form a divalent alkenylene chain completing a naphthalene ring substituted with one or more of said polar groups, sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, sulfinic or a salt thereof, phosphonic acid or a salt thereof, phosphinic acid or a salt thereof; and M is H + or other metal or non-metal cation or a moiety which can be thermally transformed into a proton under process conditions.

Claim 26

A complex according to claim 24 wherein said dopant is a sulfonic acid or sulfonic acid derivative of the formula: R.sub.4 (SO.sub.3 M).sub.c or ##STR17## wherein; R 4 is substituted alkyl wherein permissible substituents are one or more fluoro, carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, or hydroxy groups; c is 1 or 2; e is 1 or 2; R 5 is the same or different at each occurrence and is a polar group selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, phenoxy, phenoxy substituted with one or more sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, halo, carbonyl, or carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, or two or more R 5 groups together may form a divalent alkenylene chain completing a naphthalene ring which is substituted with one or more polar groups and M is a proton, or other metal or non-metal cation, with the proviso that at least one of M is proton.

Claim 27

A complex according to claim 25 wherein R 5 is a polar group selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, carboxylic acid or a salt thereof or carbonyl; or two or more R 5 groups together may form a divalent alkenylene chain completing a naphthalene ring which is substituted with one or more polar groups selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, carboxylic acid or a salt therefor carbonyl.

Claim 28

A complex according to claim 26 wherein said dopant is selected from group consisting of 4-hydroxybenzene sulfonic acid, 1-naphthol 3,6-disulfonic acid, 2,5-dihydroxybenzene 1,4-disulfonic acid, 3,6-dihydroxy naphthalene 2,7-disulfonic acid, 6-amino-4-hydroxy naphthalene sulfonic acid, 3-hydroxybenzene sulfonic acid, 1,5-naphthalene disulfonic acid, 2,6-naphthalene disulfonic acid, diphenyl ester-4,4'-disulfonic acid, diphenyl sulfonyl-4,4'-disulfonic acid, 1,3,6-naphthalene trisulfonic acid and 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzene disulfonic acid.

Claim 29

An electrically conductive particle comprising a substituted or unsubstituted positively charged conjugated polymer doped with two or more dopant anions at least one of which predominates at or near the surface of said particle and at least one of which predominates at or near the core of said particle, wherein at least one of the dopant anions predominating at or near said core is selected from the group consisting of anions substituted with one or more anionic functionalities and at least one polar group.

Claim 30

An electrically conductive particle comprising a substituted or unsubstituted positively charged conjugated polymer doped with two or more dopant anions at least one of which predominates at or near the surface of said particle and at least one of which predominates at or near the core of said particle, wherein at least one of the dopant anions predominating at or near said core is selected from the group consisting of anions substituted with one or more anionic functionalities and at least one polar group.

Claim 31

A particle according to claim 28 wherein said conjugated polymer is polyaniline and wherein said anionic functionalities are selected from the group consisting of sulfur and phosphorus containing anionic functionalities.

Claim 32

A electrically conductive composition comprising a matrix formed from one or more thermoplastic polymers, one or more thermosetting resins or a combination and the polymer complex of claim 1.

Claim 33

A electrically conductive composition comprising a matrix formed from one or more thermoplastic polymers, one or more thermosetting resins or a combination thereof having dispersed therein the particles of claim 28.

Claim 34

In an article of manufacture having an electrically conductive portion comprising a doped, electrically conductive polymer having extended conjugation in at least one backbone chain, the improvement comprising the electrically conductive polymer comprising the complex of claim 1.

Claim 35

In an article of manufacture having an electrically conductive portion comprising an electrically conductive composition comprising a doped electrically conductive polymer having extended conjugation in at least one backbone chain in a thermosetting polymer matrix, the improvement comprising the electrically conductive composition comprising the complex of claim 30.

Claim 36

In an article of manufacture having an electrically conductive portion comprising an electrically conductive composition comprising a doped electrically conductive polymer having extended conjugation in at least one backbone chain in a thermoplastic polymer matrix, the improvement comprising the electrically conductive composition comprising the complex of claim 31.

Claim 37

The complex of claim 9 wherein n is 4 and n 0.

Claim 38

The complex of claim 9 wherein the distance between at least one anionic functionality and at least one polar group is from about 5 Å to about 6 Å.

Claim 39

A complex according to claim 22 wherein said dopants are acids and/or acid derivatives of the formula: ##STR18## wherein: c, f and t are the same or different and are 0, 1 or 2, with the proviso that at least one of c, f and t is not 0; e is 1 or 2; R 5 is the same or different at each occurrence and is a polar group selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, halo, carbonyl, carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, or carbonyl, or substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl, alkoxyphenoxy, alkylphenoxy, alkoxy, phenylalkoxy, or phenoxy, or substituted alkyl wherein permissible substituents are one or more sulfonic acid or a salt thereof or carboxylic acid or a salt thereof; or two or more R 5 groups together may form a divalent alkenylene chain completing a naphthalene ring substituted with one or more of said polar groups, sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, phosphonic acid or a salt thereof, phosphinic acid or a salt thereof or sulfinic acid or a salt thereof; and M is H + or is a moiety which can be thermally transformed into a proton under use or process conditions.

Claim 40

The complex of claim 37 wherein the distance between at least one anionic functionality and at least on polar group is from about 5 Å to about 6 Å.

Claim 41

The complex of claim 37 wherein t and f are 0.

Claim 42

The complex of claim 39 wherein R 5 is carbonyl, hydroxy, phenoxy, halo or phenoxy substituted with sulfonic acid or a salt thereof.

Claim 43

The complex of 40 wherein R 5 is hydroxy or halo.

Claim 44

The complex of 40 wherein R 5 is hydroxy or halo.