US4940640A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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High capacity polyaniline electrodes
Assignee: University of Pennsylvania
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Filing: 1988-09-06
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Granted: 1990-07-10
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Expires: 2008-09-06
Abstract
Abstract Electrochemical electrodes are provided having improved capacity and efficiency. In accordance with preferred embodiments polyaniline species wherein oxidation and hydrogenation levels are carefully controlled are formulated into such electrodes and into batteries and fuel cells.
Inventors
- 👤 Alan G. MacDiarmid
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-24 13:47
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01M; H01M4/00; H01M4/86; H01M4/90; H01M4/9008; C; C08; C08G; C08G73/00; C08G73/02; C08G73/026; C08G73/0266; H01M4/02; H01M4/36; H01M4/60; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E60/00; Y02E60/10; Y02E60/30; Y02E60/50
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 14
Claim 1
Independent Claim
43 words
An electrochemical cell comprising anode active means, cathode active means and aprotic electrolyte at least one of said anode and cathode means consisting essentially of polyaniline species wherein each nitrogen of the polymer chain is associated with one, but only one, hydrogen atom.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
43 words
An electrochemical cell comprising anode active means, cathode active means and aprotic electrolyte at least one of said anode and cathode means consisting essentially of polyaniline species wherein each nitrogen of the polymer chain is associated with one, but only one, hydrogen atom.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
13 words
The cell of claim 1 wherein said polyaniline species comprises the cathode means.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
17 words
The cell of claim 2 wherein said anode active means comprises an alkalai or alkaline earth metal.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
26 words
The cell of claim 1 wherein said polyaniline species consists essentially of subunits selected from the group consisting of: ##STR35## where A - is a counterion.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
32 words
The cell of claim 1 wherein said polyaniline species is reversibly oxidizable to the formula ##STR36## where A - is a counterion, and is reversibly reducible to the formula [--(C.sub.6 H.sub.4)--N(H)--(C.sub.6 H.sub.4)--N(H)--].
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
12 words
The cell of claim 1 adapted to function as a secondary battery.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
12 words
The cell of claim 1 adapted to function as a fuel cell.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
24 words
An electrochemical electrode consisting essentially of polyaniline species wherein each nitrogen of the polymer chain is associated with one, but only one, hydrogen atom.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
24 words
An electrochemical electrode consisting essentially of polyaniline species wherein each nitrogen of the polymer chain is associated with one, but only one, hydrogen atom.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
30 words
The electrode of claim 8 cyclable between oxidized and reduced forms wherein the oxidized form has the formula: ##STR37## and the reduced form has the formula: [--(C.sub.6 H.sub.4)--N(H) (C.sub.6 H.sub.4)--N(H)--].
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
11 words
The electrode of claim 8 in contact with an aprotic electrolyte.
Claim 13
Independent Claim
40 words
A method of reversible energy storage comprising providing an electrode in an aprotic electrolyte and cyclically oxidizing and reducing said electrode between oxidized formula ##STR38## and reduced formula [--(C.sub.6 H.sub.4)--N(H)--(C.sub.6 H.sub.4)--N(H)--] where A - is a counterion from the electrolyte.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
40 words
A method of reversible energy storage comprising providing an electrode in an aprotic electrolyte and cyclically oxidizing and reducing said electrode between oxidized formula ##STR38## and reduced formula [--(C.sub.6 H.sub.4)--N(H)--(C.sub.6 H.sub.4)--N(H)--] where A - is a counterion from the electrolyte.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1993-07-09 | 1994-01-08 | 1994-07-10 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1997-07-09 | 1998-01-08 | 1998-07-10 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2001-07-09 | 2002-01-08 | 2002-07-10 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |