US5157651A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Apparatus and method for determining line rates
Assignee: FOURNIER ASSETS LLC
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Filing: 1990-07-26
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Granted: 1992-10-20
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Expires: 2010-07-26
Abstract
Abstract Apparatus and methods for automatically determining the bit rate of an incoming signal are provided. The apparatus includes a counter, a logic circuit, and a histogram generating circuit. The counter counts the number of fast reference clock cycles which fit within each pulse of the incoming signal for a statistically significant number of pulses and provides indications thereof to the logic circuit. The logic circuit associates each of the indications with one of a plurality of allowable bit rates. The histogram generating circuit tracks the numbers of times the counts are associated with each allowable bit rate. In one embodiment, the allowable bit rate most often chosen is determined to be the bit rate of the incoming signal. In another embodiment, if a DDS1 line rate is determined to be the bit rate most often chosen, the DDS2 rate associated with the DDS1 line rate is provisionally selected. Also, if a DDS2 line is determined to be the bit rate most often chosen, that DDS2 line rate is provisionally selected. Then a frame pattern detector is used to detect the DDS/SC frame pattern. If a frame pattern is detected, the DDS2 rate provisionally selected is determined to be the bit rate of the incoming signal; if not, the DDS1 line rate associated with the DDS2 provisionally selected is chosen.
Inventors
- 👤 Emil Ghelberg
- 👤 Patrick A. Evans
- 👤 Seng P. Lee
- 👤 Don W. Liyanage
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-01 20:32
CPC Classifications
H; H04; H04L; H04L25/00; H04L25/02; H04L25/0262
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 22
Claim 1
Independent Claim
141 words
An apparatus utilizing a fast reference clock for automatically determining the bit rate of an incoming signal, where the bit rate of the incoming signal is at any one of a plurality of allowable bit rates, and the incoming signal includes a plurality of pulses, comprising: a) counting means for counting for each pulse of the incoming signal the number of reference clock cycles which together approximate the length of the pulse of the incoming signal, for a statistically significant number of pulses to provide a statistically significant number of counts; b) logic means counting means for associating each of said statistically significant number of counts to one of said plurality of allowable bit rates; and c) histogram generating means coupled to the logic means for tracking the numbers of times said counts are associated with each said allowable bit rate.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
141 words
An apparatus utilizing a fast reference clock for automatically determining the bit rate of an incoming signal, where the bit rate of the incoming signal is at any one of a plurality of allowable bit rates, and the incoming signal includes a plurality of pulses, comprising: a) counting means for counting for each pulse of the incoming signal the number of reference clock cycles which together approximate the length of the pulse of the incoming signal, for a statistically significant number of pulses to provide a statistically significant number of counts; b) logic means counting means for associating each of said statistically significant number of counts to one of said plurality of allowable bit rates; and c) histogram generating means coupled to the logic means for tracking the numbers of times said counts are associated with each said allowable bit rate.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
50 words
An apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: d) means for determining the bit rate having the most counts associated therewith, said means for determining coupled to said histogram generating means, wherein said bit rate having the most counts associated therewith is nominally said bit rate of said incoming signal.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
96 words
An apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising: e) phase locked loop means including an adjustable divider circuit means and phase comparison means, said adjustable divider circuit means being coupled to said means for determining the bit rate so as to provide a nominal primary clock output, and said phase comparison means being coupled to said adjustable divider circuit means for comparing the phase of said reference clock with the phase of said incoming signal and causing said adjustable divider circuit means to change said nominal primary clock output accordingly to provide a primary clock output.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
19 words
An apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: said incoming signal is one of a DDS1 and a DDS2 signal.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
19 words
An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: said incoming signal is one of a DDS1 and a DDS2 signal.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
163 words
An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said incoming signal is one of a DDS1 and a DDS2 signal each DDS1 and DDS2 signal having a respective bit rate, and each DDS1 signal is associated with a DDS2 signal, said apparatus further comprising: d) means for determining the bit rate having the most counts associated therewith, said means for determining coupled to said histogram generating means, wherein when a bit rate having the most counts associated therewith is a bit rate of a particular DDS1 signal, the bit rate of the DDS2 signal associated with said particular DDS1 signal is provisionally selected as the rate of said incoming signal by said means for determining the bit rate, and when a bit rate having the most counts associated therewith is a bit rate of a particular DDS2 signal, the bit rate of that particular DDS2 signal is provisionally selected as the rate of said incoming signal by said means for determining the bit rate.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
129 words
An apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising: e) frame pattern detection means for receiving said incoming signal and detecting a DDS/SC frame therein, said frame pattern detection means being coupled to said means for determining the bit rate, wherein when said frame pattern detection means detects a DDS/SC frame in said incoming signal, said DDS2 signal provisionally selected as the rate of said incoming signal is finally selected as the rate of said incoming signal by said means for determining the bit rate, and when said frame pattern detection means fails to detect a DDS/SC frame in said incoming signal, the DDS1 signal associated with said DDS2 signal provisionally selected is finally selected as the rate of said incoming signal by said means for determining the bit rate.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
96 words
An apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising: f) phase locked loop means including an adjustable divider circuit means and phase comparison means, said adjustable divider circuit means being coupled to said means for determining the bit rate so as to provide a nominal primary clock output, and said phase comparison means being coupled to said adjustable divider circuit means for comparing the phase of said reference clock with the phase of said incoming signal and causing said adjustable divider circuit means to change said nominal primary clock output accordingly to provide a primary clock output.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
18 words
An apparatus according to claim 8, wherein: said adjustable divider circuit means further provides a secondary clock output.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
52 words
An apparatus according to claim 9, further comprising: g) a demultiplexer means for receiving said incoming signal and demultiplexing said incoming signal when said incoming signal is a DDS2 signal into a primary data signal associated with said primary clock output and a secondary data signal associated with said secondary clock output.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
40 words
An apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising: f) a demultiplexer means for receiving said incoming signal and demultiplexing said incoming signal when said incoming signal is a DDS2 signal into a primary data signal and a secondary data signal.
Claim 13
Independent Claim
131 words
A method for automatically determining the bit rate of an incoming signal by utilizing a fast reference clock, where the bit rate of the incoming signal is at any one of a plurality of allowable bit rates, and the incoming signal includes a plurality of pulses, comprising: a) counting, for each pulse of the incoming signal and for a statistically significant number of pulses of said incoming signal, the number of reference clock cycles which together approximate the length of the pulse of the incoming signal, and providing therefrom a statistically significant number of counts; b) associating each of said statistically significant number of counts to one of said plurality of allowable bit rates; and c) tracking the numbers of times said counts are associated with each said allowable bit rate.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
131 words
A method for automatically determining the bit rate of an incoming signal by utilizing a fast reference clock, where the bit rate of the incoming signal is at any one of a plurality of allowable bit rates, and the incoming signal includes a plurality of pulses, comprising: a) counting, for each pulse of the incoming signal and for a statistically significant number of pulses of said incoming signal, the number of reference clock cycles which together approximate the length of the pulse of the incoming signal, and providing therefrom a statistically significant number of counts; b) associating each of said statistically significant number of counts to one of said plurality of allowable bit rates; and c) tracking the numbers of times said counts are associated with each said allowable bit rate.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
39 words
A method according to claim 12, further comprising: d) determining the allowable bit rate having the most counts associated therewith, wherein said bit rate having the most counts associated therewith is nominally said bit rate of said incoming signal.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
71 words
A method according to claim 13, further comprising: e) applying said nominal bit rate to a phase locked loop circuit and providing therefrom a nominal primary clock output, based on said nominal bit rate; and f) comparing the phase of said reference clock with the phase of said incoming signal and causing said phase locked loop circuit to change said nominal primary clock output accordingly to provide a primary clock output.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
32 words
A method according to claim 14, further comprising: g) monitoring said phase locked loop circuit to determine whether it is locked, and if it is not locked repeating steps a) through f).
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
151 words
A method according to claim 12, wherein said incoming signal is one of a DDS1 and a DDS2 signal each DDS1 and DDS2 signal having a respective bit rate, and each DDS1 signal is associated with a DDS2 signal, said method further comprising: d) determining the bit rate having the most counts associated therewith, wherein when a bit rate having the most counts associated therewith is a bit rate of a particular DDS1 signal, the bit rate of the DDS2 signal associated with said particular DDS1 signal is provisionally selected as the rate of said incoming signal by said means for determining the bit rate, and when a bit rate having the most counts associated therewith is a bit rate of a particular DDS2 signal, the bit rate of that particular DDS2 signal is provisionally selected as the rate of said incoming signal by said means for determining the bit rate.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
104 words
A method according to claim 16, further comprising: e) providing said incoming signal to a frame pattern detection means, and attempting to detect a DDS/SC frame in said incoming signal, wherein when said frame pattern detection means detects a DDS/SC frame in said incoming signal, said DDS2 signal provisionally selected as the rate of said incoming signal is finally selected as the rate of said incoming signal, and when said frame pattern detection means fails to detect a DDS/SC frame in said incoming signal, the DDS1 signal associated with said DDS2 signal provisionally selected is finally selected as the rate of said incoming signal.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
71 words
A method according to claim 17, further comprising: f) applying said nominal bit rate to a phase locked loop circuit and providing therefrom a nominal primary clock output based on said nominal bit rate, and g) comparing the phase of said reference clock with the phase of said incoming signal and causing said phase locked loop circuit to change said nominal primary clock output accordingly to provide a primary clock output.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
56 words
A method according to claim 18, wherein said adjustable divider circuit further provides a secondary clock output, said method further comprising: h) demultiplexing said incoming signal when said incoming signal is a DDS2 signal into a primary data signal associated with said primary clock output and a secondary data signal associated with said secondary clock output.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
32 words
A method according to claim 19, further comprising: i) monitoring said phase locked loop circuit to determine whether it is locked, and if it is not locked repeating steps a) through g).
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1995-10-20 | 1996-04-20 | 1996-10-20 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1999-10-20 | 2000-04-20 | 2000-10-20 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2003-10-20 | 2004-04-20 | 2004-10-20 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |