US5045428A — Encapsulated toner compositions and processes the…

Claim 1

Independent Claim 32 words

An encapsulated toner composition comprised of a core comprised of a siloxane-containing resin obtained from the hydrosilylation of olefins, pigment, dyes, or mixtures thereof; and a polymeric shell prepared by interfacial polymerization.

Claim 2

Dependent Claim 32 words

An encapsulated toner composition comprised of a core comprised of a siloxane-containing resin obtained from the hydrosilylation of olefins, pigment, dyes, or mixtures thereof; and a polymeric shell prepared by interfacial polymerization.

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 26 words

A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the siloxane-containing core resin is present in an amount of from about 15 to about 95 weight percent.

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 16 words

A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the core resin is formed by condensation polymerization.

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 16 words

An encapsulated toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the core resin is formed by polyhydrosilylation.

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 19 words

A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the siloxane-containing resin is derived from the hydrosilylation of an olefin.

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 27 words

An encapsulated toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the core resin formation is achieved by hydrosilylation, and the shell formation is accomplished by a condensation polymerization.

Claim 8

Dependent Claim 30 words

An encapsulated toner composition comprised of a core comprised of a resin binder formed by the hydrosilylation reaction of an olefin, pigment, dyes, or mixtures thereof; and a polymeric shell.

Claim 9

Dependent Claim 30 words

An encapsulated toner composition comprised of a core comprised of a resin binder formed by the hydrosilylation reaction of an olefin, pigment, dyes, or mixtures thereof; and a polymeric shell.

Claim 10

Dependent Claim 28 words

An encapsulated toner composition in accordance with claim 7 wherein the core is comprised of a resin binder formed by the hydrosilylation of a diolefin with a bis(silylhydride).

Claim 11

Dependent Claim 44 words

An encapsulated toner composition comprised of a core comprised of a resin binder formed from the hydrosilylation of an olefin and a poly(silylhydride) macromer in the presence of a hydrosilylation catalyst, pigment, dyes, or mixtures thereof; and a polymeric shell prepared by interfacial polymerization.

Claim 12

Dependent Claim 44 words

An encapsulated toner composition comprised of a core comprised of a resin binder formed from the hydrosilylation of an olefin and a poly(silylhydride) macromer in the presence of a hydrosilylation catalyst, pigment, dyes, or mixtures thereof; and a polymeric shell prepared by interfacial polymerization.

Claim 13

Dependent Claim 24 words

An encapsulated toner composition in accordance with claim 9 wherein the core is comprised of a resin binder formed by hydrosilylation of a polyolefin.

Claim 14

Dependent Claim 46 words

An encapsulated toner composition in accordance with claim 10 wherein the core is comprised of a resin binder formed by hydrosilylation of a diolefin or polyolefin with a silylhydride-functionalized component in the presence of a hydrosilylation catalyst, pigment, dyes, or mixtures thereof; and a polymeric shell.

Claim 15

Dependent Claim 52 words

An encapsulated toner composition in accordance with claim 11 wherein the silylhydride-functionalized component is selected from the group consisting of diphenylmethylsilane, trimethylsilane, triethylsilane, trioctylsilane, trimethoxysilane, triethyoxysilane, diphenylsilane, dimethylsilane, diethylsilane, dipropylsilane, dibutylsilane, dipentysilane, dihexylsilane, dioctylsilane, diisopropylsilane, tetramethyldisiloxane, tetraethyldisiloxane, tetrapropyldisiloxane, tetrabutyldisiloxane, tetrapentyldisiloxane, tetramethyldisilylethylene, silylhydride-terminated polydimethylsiloxanes, polymethylhydrosiloxanes, polymethylhydrosiloxane copolymers, and alkoxy and siloxy-terminated hydrosiloxane polymers.

Claim 16

Dependent Claim 81 words

A toner in accordance with claim 11 wherein the hydrosilylation catalyst is selected from the group consisting of molybdic acid, chloroplatinic acid, dichlorobis(ethylenedichloro) platinum, ehtylene bis(triphenylphosphino) platinum, ethylene tris(cyclohexylphosphino) platinum, potassium trichloro platinum-dimethylsulfoxide complex, dicobaltoctacarbonyl, bis(triphenylphosphino)dichloro nickel, ethyl dichlorobis(dimethylamino) nickel, dichlorodipyridine nickel, dichlorobis(dimethylphosphino) ferrocene, dichlorobis(tributylphosphino) nickel, tetrakis(triphenylphosphino) nickel, dichlorotetraaniline nickel, Iron pentacarbonyl, manganese acetoacetate, ferrous acetoacetate, cobalt acetoacetate, bis(cycloocta-1,5-diene) nickel, chlorotris(triphenylphosphino) rhodium, chorotris(cyclohexylphosphino) rhodium, octacarbonyl dicobalt dihydrogen hexachloro osmium, rhodium trichloride, ruthenium trichloride, ferric chloride, nickel chloride, and dihydrogen hexachloro iridium.

Claim 17

Dependent Claim 10 words

A toner in accordance with claim 1 containing surface additives.

Claim 18

Dependent Claim 23 words

A toner in accordance with claim 14 wherein the surface additives are metal salts, metal salts of fatty acids, silicas, or mixtures thereof.

Claim 19

Dependent Claim 25 words

A toner in accordance with claim 15 wherein the surface additives are present in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent.

Claim 20

Dependent Claim 16 words

A toner in accordance with claim 15 wherein zinc stearate is selected as the surface additive.

Claim 21

Dependent Claim 14 words

A toner in accordance with claim 1 containing conductive components on the surface thereof.

Claim 22

Dependent Claim 18 words

A toner in accordance with claim 18 wherein the conductive components are carbon black, graphite, or mixtures thereof.

Claim 23

Dependent Claim 22 words

A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the toner has an average diameter of from about 5 to about 30 microns.

Claim 24

Dependent Claim 20 words

A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the toner geometric size distribution is from about 1.1 to about 2.0.

Claim 25

Dependent Claim 23 words

A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the shell is a polyurea, a polyurethane, a polyamide, a polyester, or a mixture thereof.

Claim 26

Dependent Claim 13 words

A toner in accordance with claim 22 wherein the shell contains conductive components.

Claim 27

Dependent Claim 20 words

A toner in accordance with claim 23 wherein the conductive components are comprised of carbon black, graphite, or mixtures thereof.

Claim 28

Dependent Claim 94 words

A process for the preparation of encapsulated toners which comprises (1) dispersing in an aqueous medium a mixture of shell precursor components, core resin precursor or precursors, a hydrosilylation catalyst, and pigments, dyes or mixtures thereof into stabilized microdroplets; (2) initiating a shell forming interfacial polymerization by adding a water miscible shell precursor component; (3) effecting core resin hydrosilylation within the newly formed microcapsules by heating the reaction mixture from ambient temperature to about 100° C.; and (4) processing the resulting encapsulated toner product by washing, sieving, drying, and dry blending with surface additives.

Claim 29

Dependent Claim 94 words

A process for the preparation of encapsulated toners which comprises (1) dispersing in an aqueous medium a mixture of shell precursor components, core resin precursor or precursors, a hydrosilylation catalyst, and pigments, dyes or mixtures thereof into stabilized microdroplets; (2) initiating a shell forming interfacial polymerization by adding a water miscible shell precursor component; (3) effecting core resin hydrosilylation within the newly formed microcapsules by heating the reaction mixture from ambient temperature to about 100° C.; and (4) processing the resulting encapsulated toner product by washing, sieving, drying, and dry blending with surface additives.

Claim 30

Dependent Claim 64 words

A process in accordance with claim 25 wherein the shell precursor components represent from 5 to about 30 weight percent, the core resin precursor represents from 15 to about 95 weight percent, the colorants represent from 1 to about 65 weight percent; and the catalyst is present in an effective amount of from about 0.01 to about 1 percent of the core resin precursor.

Claim 31

Dependent Claim 68 words

A process for the preparation of encapsulated toners which comprises (1) dispersing in an aqueous medium a mixture of shell precursor components, core resin precursors, a hydrosilylation catalyst, and pigments, dyes, or mixtures thereof into stabilized microdroplets; (2) initiating a shell forming interfacial polymerization by adding a water miscible shell precursor component; and (3) effecting core resin hydrosilylation with the newly formed microcapsules by heating the reaction mixture.

Claim 32

Dependent Claim 68 words

A process for the preparation of encapsulated toners which comprises (1) dispersing in an aqueous medium a mixture of shell precursor components, core resin precursors, a hydrosilylation catalyst, and pigments, dyes, or mixtures thereof into stabilized microdroplets; (2) initiating a shell forming interfacial polymerization by adding a water miscible shell precursor component; and (3) effecting core resin hydrosilylation with the newly formed microcapsules by heating the reaction mixture.

Claim 33

Dependent Claim 20 words

A process in accordance with claim 27 wherein the resulting encapsulated toner is further processed by washing, sieving, and drying.

Claim 34

Dependent Claim 17 words

A process in accordance with claim 27 wherein there are added to the resulting toner surface additives.

Claim 35

Dependent Claim 28 words

A process in accordance with claim 29 wherein the surface additives are selected from the group consisting of colloidal silicas, metal salts of fatty acids, or metal salts.

Claim 36

Dependent Claim 24 words

A process in accordance with claim 29 wherein the additives are present in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent.

Claim 37

Dependent Claim 35 words

An encapsulated toner composition comprised of a core comprised of a polymer containing a siloxane moiety, which moiety is covalently attached to the polymer, pigment or dye, and a polymeric shell prepared by interfacial polymerization.

Claim 38

Dependent Claim 35 words

An encapsulated toner composition comprised of a core comprised of a polymer containing a siloxane moiety, which moiety is covalently attached to the polymer, pigment or dye, and a polymeric shell prepared by interfacial polymerization.

Claim 39

Dependent Claim 25 words

An encapsulated toner composition in accordance with claim 32 wherein the core is comprised of a siloxane-containing resin obtained by the hydrosilylation of an olefin.

Claim 40

Dependent Claim 39 words

An encapsulated toner composition in accordance with claim 32 wherein the core is comprised of a siloxane-containing resin obtained by the hydrosilylation of an olefin or polyolefin with a silylhydride functionalized component in the presence of a hydrosilylation catalyst.

Claim 41

Dependent Claim 16 words

An encapsulated toner in accordance with claim 34 wherein the hydrosilylation is accomplished with a bis(silylhydride).

Claim 42

Dependent Claim 72 words

An encapsulated toner in accordance with claim 34 wherein the olefin is selected from the group consisting of hexene, heptene, octene, hexadiene, heptadiene, octadiene, cyclopentadiene, divinylether, diallylether, dibutenylether, dipentenylether, dihexenylether, diheptenylether, dioctenylether, vinylbutenylether, vinylhexenylether, allylbutenylether, allylhexenylether, divinylbenzene, diallylbenzene, divinyltoluene, diallyltoluene, divinylnaphthalene, diallylnaphthalene, bis(vinyloxy)benzene, bis(allyloxy)benzene, bis(vinyloxy)toluene, divinyl succinate, divinyl malonate, divinyl glutarate, divinyl adipate, divinyl pimelate, divinyl suberate, divinyl methylglutarate, methyladipate, diallyl succinate, dially glutarate, diallyl adipate, poly(butadiene), styrenebutadiene copolymers, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 43

Dependent Claim 55 words

An encapsulated toner in accordance with claim 34 wherein the silylhydride-functionalized component is selected from the group consisting of diphenylmethylsilane, trimethylsilane, triethylsilane, trioctylsilane, trimethoxysilane, triethyoxysilane, diphenylsilane, dimethylsilane, diethylsilane, dipropylsilane, dibutylsilane, dipentylsilane, dihexylsilane, dioctysilane, diisopropylsilane, tetramethyldisiloxane, tetraethyldisiloxane, tetrapropyldisiloxane, tetrabutyldisiloxane, tetrapentyldisiloxane, tetramethyldisilylethylene, silylhydride-terminated polydimethylsiloxanes, polymethylhydrosiloxanes, polymethylhdrosiloxane copolymers, an alkoxy terminated hydrosiloxane polymer, and a siloxy-terminated hydrosiloxane polymer.

Claim 44

Dependent Claim 82 words

An encapsulated toner in accordance with claim 34 wherein the hydrosilylation catalyst is selected from the group consisting of molybdic acid, chloroplatinic acid, dichlorobis(ethylenedichloro) platinum, ethylene bis(triphenylphosphino) platinum, ethylene tris(cyclohexylphosphino) platinum, potassium trichloro platinum-dimethylsulfoxide complex, dicobaltoctacarbonyl, bis(triphenylphosphino)dichloro nickel, ethyl dichlorobis(dimethylamino) nickel, dichlorodipyridine nickel, dichlorobis(dimethylphosphino) ferrocene, dichlorobis(tributylphosphino) nickel, tetrakis(triphenylphosphino) nickel, dichlorotetraaniline nickel, iron pentacarbonyl, manganese acetoacetate, ferrous acetoacetate, cobalt acetoacetate, bis(cycloocta-1,5-diene) nickel, chlorotris(triphenylphosphino) rhodium, chorotris(cyclohexylphosphino) rhodium, octacarbonyl dicobalt dihydrogen hexachloro osmium, rhodium trichloride, ruthenium trichloride, ferric chloride, nickel chloride, and dihydrogen hexachloro iridium.

Claim 45

Dependent Claim 15 words

An encapsulated toner in accordance with claim 34 wherein the shell contains a conductive component.

Claim 46

Dependent Claim 25 words

An encapsulated toner in accordance with claim 39 wherein the conductive component is selected from the group consisting of carbon black, graphite, or mixtures thereof.

Claim 47

Dependent Claim 22 words

An encapsulated toner in accordance with claim 39 wherein the conductivity thereof is from about 10 3 to about 10 8 ohm-cm.

Claim 48

Dependent Claim 17 words

A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the pigment is carbon black, magnetite, or mixtures thereof.

Claim 49

Dependent Claim 24 words

A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the pigment is cyan, yellow, magenta, or mixtures thereof; red, green, blue, brown, or mixtures thereof.

Claim 50

Dependent Claim 71 words

A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the olefin is selected from the group consisting of hexene, heptene, octene, hexadiene, heptadiene, octadiene, cyclopentadiene, divinylether, diallylether, dibutenylether, dipentenylether, dihexenylether, diheptenylether, dioctenylether, vinylbutenylether, vinylhexenylether, allylbutenylether, allylhexenylether, divinylbenzene, diallylbenzene, divinyltoluene, diallyltoluene, divinylnaphthalene, diallylnaphthalene, bis(vinyloxy)benzene, bis(allyloxy)benzene, bis(vinyloxy)toluene, divinyl succinate, divinyl malonate, divinyl glutarate, divinyl adipate, divinyl pimelate, divinyl suberate, divinyl methylglutarate, methyladipate, diallyl succinate, diallyl glutarate, diallyl adipate, poly(butadiene), styrenebutadiene copolymers, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 51

Dependent Claim 17 words

A toner in accordance with claim 7 wherein the pigment is carbon black, magnetite, or mixtures thereof.

Claim 52

Dependent Claim 24 words

A toner in accordance with claim 7 wherein the pigment is cyan, yellow, magenta, or mixtures thereof; red, green, blue, brown, or mixtures thereof.

Claim 53

Dependent Claim 72 words

A toner in accordance with claim 7 wherein the olefin is selected from the group consisting of hexene, heptene, octene, hexadiene, heptadiene, octadiene, cyclopentadiene, divinylether, diallylether, dibutenylether, dipentenylether, dihexenylether, diheptenylether, dioctenylether, vinylbutenylether, vinylhexenylether, allylbutenylether, allylhexenylether, divinylbenzene, diallylbenzene, divinyltoluene, diallyltoluene, divinylnaphthalene, diallylnaphthalene, bis(vinyloxy)benzene, bis(allyloxy)benzene, bis(vinyloxy)toluene, divinyl succinate, divinyl malonate, divinyl glutarate, divinyl adipate, divinyl pimelate, divinyl suberate, divinyl methylglutarate, methyladipate, diallyl succinate, dially glutarate, diallyl adipate, poly(butadiene), a styrenebutadiene copolymer, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 54

Dependent Claim 34 words

An encapsulated toner composition comprised of a core comprised of a polymer and covalently attached thereto by reaction thereof of a siloxane moiety, pigment, and wherein the core is encapsulated within a polymeric shell.

Claim 55

Dependent Claim 34 words

An encapsulated toner composition comprised of a core comprised of a polymer and covalently attached thereto by reaction thereof of a siloxane moiety, pigment, and wherein the core is encapsulated within a polymeric shell.

Claim 56

Dependent Claim 18 words

An encapsulated toner in accordance with claim 48 wherein the core is obtained from the hydrosilylation of olefins.

Claim 57

Dependent Claim 10 words

An encapsulated toner obtained by the process of claim 25.

Claim 58

Dependent Claim 32 words

An encapsulated toner in accordance with claim 48 wherein the core is comprised of the reaction of a silylhydride, a bis(silylhydride) or a poly(silylhydride) functionalized siloxane or polysiloxane with an olefinic component.

Claim 59

Dependent Claim 71 words

A toner in accordance with claim 7 wherein the olefin is selected from the group consisting of hexene, heptene, octene, hexadiene, heptadiene, octadiene, cyclopentadiene, divinylether, diallylether, dibutenylether, dipentenylether, dihexenylether, diheptenylether, dioctenylether, vinylbutenylether, vinylhexenylether, allylbutenylether, allylhexenylether, divinylbenzene, diallylbenzene, divinyltoluene, diallyltoluene, divinylnaphthalene, diallylnaphthalene, bis(vinyloxy)benzene, bis(allyloxy)benzene, bis(vinyloxy)toluene, divinyl succinate, divinyl malonate, divinyl glutarate, divinyl adipate, divinyl pimelate, divinyl suberate, divinyl methylglutarate, methyladipate, diallyl succinate, diallyl glutarate, dially adipate, poly(butadiene), styrenebutadiene copolymers, and mixtures thereof.

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	1994-09-02	1995-03-04	1995-09-03	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	1998-09-02	1999-03-04	1999-09-03	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	2002-09-02	2003-03-04	2003-09-03	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Encapsulated toner compositions and processes thereof

Abstract

Inventors

Bibliographic Details

Claims Analysis

References Cited (Backward Citations)

USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows

Assigned Categories & Tags

Assign Category Tag