US4950502A — Method of hydrophobing silica

Claim 1

Independent Claim 215 words

A method for making colloidal silica hydrophobic consisting essentially of (I) combining to form an aqueous emulsion, (a) an anionic surfactant, (b) aqueous colloidal silica having primary silica particle diameters in the range of 2 to 100 nanometres and silica concentrations up to 65 percent based on the combined weight of silica and water, and (c) polyorganosiloxane having an average of from 3 to 40 siloxane units of the formula RR'SiO and an average of from 0 to 10 siloxane units of the formula R 4-x Si where x has an average value greater than 2 with a maximum of 4 and each unsatisfied valence of silica in the formula R 4-x Si being satisfied with a hydroxyl radical or a divalent oxygen atom bonded to silicon atoms, the polyorganosiloxane being terminated by at least two hydroxyl radicals and the hydroxyl content not exceeding 15 weight percent based on the weight of the polyorganosiloxane, each R and R' in the polyorganosiloxane being selected from a monvalent radical of the group consisting of lower alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, aralky, and haloalkyl; the ratio of silica to polyorganosiloxane being at least 2:1 and (II) adjusting the pH of the emulsion into the range of 7.0 to 10 to provide a storage stable aqueous emulsion of hydrophobic colloidal silica.

Claim 2

Independent Claim 215 words

A method for making colloidal silica hydrophobic consisting essentially of (I) combining to form an aqueous emulsion, (a) an anionic surfactant, (b) aqueous colloidal silica having primary silica particle diameters in the range of 2 to 100 nanometres and silica concentrations up to 65 percent based on the combined weight of silica and water, and (c) polyorganosiloxane having an average of from 3 to 40 siloxane units of the formula RR'SiO and an average of from 0 to 10 siloxane units of the formula R 4-x Si where x has an average value greater than 2 with a maximum of 4 and each unsatisfied valence of silica in the formula R 4-x Si being satisfied with a hydroxyl radical or a divalent oxygen atom bonded to silicon atoms, the polyorganosiloxane being terminated by at least two hydroxyl radicals and the hydroxyl content not exceeding 15 weight percent based on the weight of the polyorganosiloxane, each R and R' in the polyorganosiloxane being selected from a monvalent radical of the group consisting of lower alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, aralky, and haloalkyl; the ratio of silica to polyorganosiloxane being at least 2:1 and (II) adjusting the pH of the emulsion into the range of 7.0 to 10 to provide a storage stable aqueous emulsion of hydrophobic colloidal silica.

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 41 words

The method of claim 1 in which the anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of a surface active sulfonic acid and a sodium salt of a surface active sulfonic acid, and the polyorganosiloxane is essentially a hydroxyl endblocked polydiorganosiloxane.

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 57 words

The method of claim 2 in which the anionic surfactant is present in an amount of from 0.2 percent to 2 percent by weight based on the weight of total solids present and the polydiorganosiloxane is present in an amount of from 6 percent to 35 percent by weight based on the weight of colloidal silica present.

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 67 words

The method of claim 3 in which the anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of alkyl benzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt of alkyl benzenesulfonic acid, and alkyl hydrogen sulfate and the polydiorganosiloxane is a hydroxyl endblocked polydiorganosiloxane in which the organo groups are selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, vinyl, phenyl, and 3,3,3,trifluoropropyl radicals, at least 50 percent of the radicals being methyl radicals.

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 43 words

The method in accordance with claim 1 in which the water is evaporated from the emulsion to provide a solid hydrophobic silica which is comminuted to form a fine powder which is not dispersable or soluble in water but is dispersable in toluene.

Claim 7

Independent Claim 237 words

A method for making colloidal silica hydrophobic consisting essentially of (I) combining to form an aqueous emulsion, (a) an anionic surfactant, (b) aqueous colloidal silica having primary silica particle diameters in the range of 2 to 100 nanometres and silica concentrations up to 65 percent based on the combined weight of silica and water, the aqueous colloidal silica having first been structured by aging at pH of 4 to 5 before combining with (a) and (c), and (c) polyorganosiloxane having an average of from 3 to 40 siloxane units of the formula RR'SiO and an average of from 0 to 10 siloxane units of the formula R 4-x Si where x has an average value greater than 2 with a maximum of 4 and each unsatisfied valence of silica in the formula R 4-x Si being satisfied with a hydroxyl radical or a divalent oxygen atom bonded to silicon atoms, the polyorganosiloxane being terminated by at least two hydroxyl radicals and the hydroxyl content not exceeding 15 weight percent based on the weight of the polyorganosiloxane, each R and R' in the polyorganosiloxane being selected from a monovalent radical of the group consisting of lower alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, aralkyl, and haloalkyl; the ratio of silica to polyorganosiloxane being at least 2:1 and (II) adjusting the pH of the emulsion into the range of 7.0 to 10 to provide a storage stable aqueous emulsion of hydrophobic colloidal silica.

Claim 8

Independent Claim 237 words

A method for making colloidal silica hydrophobic consisting essentially of (I) combining to form an aqueous emulsion, (a) an anionic surfactant, (b) aqueous colloidal silica having primary silica particle diameters in the range of 2 to 100 nanometres and silica concentrations up to 65 percent based on the combined weight of silica and water, the aqueous colloidal silica having first been structured by aging at pH of 4 to 5 before combining with (a) and (c), and (c) polyorganosiloxane having an average of from 3 to 40 siloxane units of the formula RR'SiO and an average of from 0 to 10 siloxane units of the formula R 4-x Si where x has an average value greater than 2 with a maximum of 4 and each unsatisfied valence of silica in the formula R 4-x Si being satisfied with a hydroxyl radical or a divalent oxygen atom bonded to silicon atoms, the polyorganosiloxane being terminated by at least two hydroxyl radicals and the hydroxyl content not exceeding 15 weight percent based on the weight of the polyorganosiloxane, each R and R' in the polyorganosiloxane being selected from a monovalent radical of the group consisting of lower alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, aralkyl, and haloalkyl; the ratio of silica to polyorganosiloxane being at least 2:1 and (II) adjusting the pH of the emulsion into the range of 7.0 to 10 to provide a storage stable aqueous emulsion of hydrophobic colloidal silica.

Claim 9

Dependent Claim 41 words

The method of claim 6 in which the anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of a surface active sulfonic acid and a sodium salt of a surface active sulfonic acid, and the polyorganosiloxane is essentially a hydroxyl endblocked polydiorganosiloxane.

Claim 10

Dependent Claim 57 words

The method of claim 7 in which the anionic surfactant is present in an amount of from 0.2 percent to 2 percent by weight based on the weight of total solids present and the polydiorganosiloxane is present in an amount of from 6 percent to 35 percent by weight based on the weight of colloidal silica present.

Claim 11

Dependent Claim 67 words

The method of claim 8 in which the anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of alkyl benzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt of alkyl benzenesulfonic acid, and alkyl hydrogen sulfate and the polydiorganosiloxane is a hydroxyl endblocked polydiorganosiloxane in which the organo groups are selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, vinyl, phenyl, and 3,3,3,trifluoropropyl radicals, at least 50 percent of the radicals being methyl radicals.

Claim 12

Dependent Claim 43 words

The method in accordance with claim 6 in which the water is evaporated from the emulsion to provide a solid hydrophobic silica which is comminuted to form a fine powder which is not dispersable or soluble in water but is dispersible in toluene.

Claim 13

Independent Claim 250 words

A method for making colloidal silica hydrophobic consisting essentially of (I) combining to form an aqueous emulsion, (a) an anionic surfactant, (b) aqueous colloidal silica having primary silica particle diameters in the range of 2 to 100 nanometres and silica concentrations up to 65 percent based on the combined weight of silica and water, and (c) polyorganosiloxane having an average of from 3 to 40 siloxane units of the formula RR'SiO and an average of from 0 to 10 siloxane units of the formula R 4-x Si where x has an average value greater than 2 with a maximum of 4 and each unsatisfied valence of silica in the formula R 4-x Si being satisfied with a hydroxyl radical or a divalent oxygen atom bonded to silicon atoms, the polyorganosiloxane being terminated by at least two hydroxyl radicals and the hydroxyl content not exceeding 15 weight percent based on the weight of the polyorganosiloxane, each R and R' in the polyorganosiloxane being selected from a monovalent radical of the group consisting of lower alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, aralkyl, and haloalkyl; the ratio of silica to polyorganosiloxane being at least 2:1 and (II) adjusting the pH of the emulsion into the range of 7.0 to 10 to provide a storage stable aqueous emulsion of hydrophobic colloidal silica, then (III) evaporating the water from the emulsion to provide a solid hydrophobic silica which is comminuted to form a fine powder which is not dispersable or soluble in water but is dispersable in toluene.

Claim 14

Independent Claim 250 words

A method for making colloidal silica hydrophobic consisting essentially of (I) combining to form an aqueous emulsion, (a) an anionic surfactant, (b) aqueous colloidal silica having primary silica particle diameters in the range of 2 to 100 nanometres and silica concentrations up to 65 percent based on the combined weight of silica and water, and (c) polyorganosiloxane having an average of from 3 to 40 siloxane units of the formula RR'SiO and an average of from 0 to 10 siloxane units of the formula R 4-x Si where x has an average value greater than 2 with a maximum of 4 and each unsatisfied valence of silica in the formula R 4-x Si being satisfied with a hydroxyl radical or a divalent oxygen atom bonded to silicon atoms, the polyorganosiloxane being terminated by at least two hydroxyl radicals and the hydroxyl content not exceeding 15 weight percent based on the weight of the polyorganosiloxane, each R and R' in the polyorganosiloxane being selected from a monovalent radical of the group consisting of lower alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, aralkyl, and haloalkyl; the ratio of silica to polyorganosiloxane being at least 2:1 and (II) adjusting the pH of the emulsion into the range of 7.0 to 10 to provide a storage stable aqueous emulsion of hydrophobic colloidal silica, then (III) evaporating the water from the emulsion to provide a solid hydrophobic silica which is comminuted to form a fine powder which is not dispersable or soluble in water but is dispersable in toluene.

Claim 15

Independent Claim 201 words

A method for making colloidal silica hydrophobic consisting essentially of (I) combining to form an aqueous emulsion, (a) from 0.2 to 2 percent by weight based upon the weight of the total solids present of an anionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of a surface active sulfonic acid and a sodium salt of a surface active sulfonic acid, (b) aqueous colloidal silica having primary silica particle diameters in the range of 2 to 100 nanometres and silica concentrations up to 65 percent based on the combined weight of silica and water, and (c) from 6 to 35 percent by weight based on the weight of colloidal silica of polyorganosiloxane having an average of from 3 to 40 siloxane units of the formula RR'SiO, the polyorganosiloxane being terminated by at least two hydroxyl radicals and the hydroxyl content not exceeding 15 weight percent based on the weight of the polyorganosiloxane, each R and R' in the polyorganosiloxane being selected from a monovalent radical of the group consisting of lower alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, aralkyl, and haloalkyl, and (II) adjusting the pH of the emulsion into the range of 7.0 to 10 to provide a storage stable aqueous emulsion of hydrophobic colloidal silica.

Claim 16

Independent Claim 201 words

A method for making colloidal silica hydrophobic consisting essentially of (I) combining to form an aqueous emulsion, (a) from 0.2 to 2 percent by weight based upon the weight of the total solids present of an anionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of a surface active sulfonic acid and a sodium salt of a surface active sulfonic acid, (b) aqueous colloidal silica having primary silica particle diameters in the range of 2 to 100 nanometres and silica concentrations up to 65 percent based on the combined weight of silica and water, and (c) from 6 to 35 percent by weight based on the weight of colloidal silica of polyorganosiloxane having an average of from 3 to 40 siloxane units of the formula RR'SiO, the polyorganosiloxane being terminated by at least two hydroxyl radicals and the hydroxyl content not exceeding 15 weight percent based on the weight of the polyorganosiloxane, each R and R' in the polyorganosiloxane being selected from a monovalent radical of the group consisting of lower alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, aralkyl, and haloalkyl, and (II) adjusting the pH of the emulsion into the range of 7.0 to 10 to provide a storage stable aqueous emulsion of hydrophobic colloidal silica.

Claim 17

Dependent Claim 67 words

The method of claim 12 in which the anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of alkyl benzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt of alkyl benzenesulfonic acid, and alkyl hydrogen sulfate and the polydiorganosiloxane is a hydroxyl endblocked polydiorganosiloxane in which the organo groups are selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, vinyl, phenyl, and 3,3,3,trifluoropropyl radicals, at least 50 percent of the radicals being methyl radicals.

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	1993-08-20	1994-02-19	1994-08-21	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	1997-08-20	1998-02-19	1998-08-21	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	2001-08-20	2002-02-19	2002-08-21	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Method of hydrophobing silica

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