US4937157A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Toner and developer compositions with charge enhancing additives
Assignee: Xerox Corp
•
Filing: 1989-08-21
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Granted: 1990-06-26
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Expires: 2009-08-21
Abstract
Abstract A toner composition comprised of resin, pigment or dye particles, and a quaternary ammonium bisulfate charge enhancing additive of the formula R' 2 R" 2 N + X- wherein R' and R" are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, and alkylaryl; and X- is a bisulfate anion.
Inventors
- 👤 John L. Haack
- 👤 John R. Laing
- 👤 Michael Smith
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-08 14:45
CPC Classifications
G; G03; G03G; G03G9/00; G03G9/08; G03G9/097; G03G9/09733; G03G9/09741
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 41
Claim 1
Independent Claim
17 words
A toner composition comprised of resin particles, pigment particles, and a quaternary ammonium bisulfate charge enhancing additive.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
17 words
A toner composition comprised of resin particles, pigment particles, and a quaternary ammonium bisulfate charge enhancing additive.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
48 words
A toner composition comprised of resin, pigment or dye particles, and a quaternary ammonium bisulfate charge enhancing additive of the formula R' 2 R" 2 N+X- wherein R' and R" are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, and alkylaryl; and X- is a bisulfate anion.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
48 words
A toner composition comprised of resin, pigment or dye particles, and a quaternary ammonium bisulfate charge enhancing additive of the formula R' 2 R" 2 N+X- wherein R' and R" are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, and alkylaryl; and X- is a bisulfate anion.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
22 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 2 wherein R' and R" are alkyl with from 1 to about 25 carbon atoms.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
18 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 2 wherein the quaternary ammonium bisulfate is a tetraalkyl ammonium bisulfate.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
34 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 2 wherein the charge enhancing additive is selected from the group consisting of distearyl dimethyl ammonium bisulfate, tetramethyl ammonium bisulfate, tetraethyl ammonium bisulfate, and tetrabutyl ammonium bisulfate.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
19 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 2 wherein the charge enhancing additive is a dimethyl dialkyl ammonium bisulfate.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
18 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 6 wherein dialkyl contains from 10 to about 30 carbon atoms.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
18 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 6 wherein dialkyl contains from 14 to about 22 carbon atoms.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
26 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 2 wherein the charge additive is present in an amount of from about 0.05 to about 5 weight percent.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
26 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 2 wherein the charge additive is present in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 3 weight percent.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
17 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 2 wherein the charge additive is incorporated into the toner.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
21 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 2 wherein the charge additive is present on the surface of the toner composition.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
18 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 12 wherein the charge additive is contained on colloidal silica particles.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
19 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 2 with an admix time of from less than about 15 seconds.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
20 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 2 with an admix time of from about 1 to about 14 seconds.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
22 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 2 with a triboelectric charge of from about 10 to about 40 microcoulombs per gram.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
31 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 2 wherein a colloidal silica is treated with the charge enhancing additive, and the resulting composition is present on the surface of the toner.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
21 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 2 wherein the resin particles are comprised of styrene polymers, polyesters, or mixtures thereof.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
22 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 2 wherein the resin particles are comprised of styrene acrylates, styrene methacrylates, or styrene butadienes.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
25 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 2 containing a wax component with a weight average molecular weight of from about 1,000 to about 6,000.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
22 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 20 wherein the waxy component is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene and polypropylene.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
23 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 2 containing as external additives metal salts of a fatty acid, colloidal silicas, or mixtures thereof.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
29 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 2 wherein the pigment particles are carbon black, magnetites, or mixtures thereof, cyan, magenta, yellow, red, blue, green, brown, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
14 words
A developer composition comprised of the toner composition of claim 1 and carrier particles.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
14 words
A developer composition comprised of the toner composition of claim 2 and carrier particles.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
21 words
A developer composition in accordance with claim 25 wherein the carrier particles are comprised of ferrites, steel, or an iron powder.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
22 words
A developer composition in accordance with claim 26 wherein the carrier particles are comprised of a core with a polymer coating thereover.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
36 words
A developer composition in accordance with claim 27 wherein the coating is comprised of a methyl terpolymer, a polyvinylidine fluoride, a polymethyl methacrylate, or a mixture of polymers not in close proximity in the triboelectric series.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
34 words
A method of imaging which comprises formulating an electrostatic latent image on a photoreceptor, affecting development thereof with the toner composition of claim 1, and thereafter transferring the developed image to a suitable substrate.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
19 words
A method of imaging in accordance with claim 29 wherein the transferred image is permanently fixed to the substrate.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
36 words
A method of imaging which comprises formulating an electrostatic latent image on a negatively charged photoreceptor, affecting development thereof with the toner composition of claim 2, and thereafter transferring the developed image to a suitable substrate.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
19 words
A method of imaging in accordance with claim 31 wherein the transferred image is permanently fixed to the substrate.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
21 words
A single component positively charged toner composition comprised of resin particles, magnetite components, and a quaternary ammonium bisulfate charge enhancing additive.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
21 words
A single component positively charged toner composition comprised of resin particles, magnetite components, and a quaternary ammonium bisulfate charge enhancing additive.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
19 words
A toner composition comprised of resin particles, pigment particles, and a thermally stable quaternary ammonium bisulfate charge enhancing additive.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
19 words
A toner composition comprised of resin particles, pigment particles, and a thermally stable quaternary ammonium bisulfate charge enhancing additive.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
34 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 34 wherein the charge enhancing additive is selected from the group consisting of distearyl dimethyl ammonium bisulfate, tetramethyl ammonium bisulfate, tetraethyl ammonium bisulfate, and tetrabutyl ammonium bisulfate.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
18 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 34 wherein the charge enhancing additive is stable at high temperatures.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
25 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 36 wherein the charge enhancing additive is stable at temperatures of from about 130° to about 160° C.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1993-06-25 | 1993-12-25 | 1994-06-26 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1997-06-25 | 1997-12-25 | 1998-06-26 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2001-06-25 | 2001-12-25 | 2002-06-26 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |