Patent US4008028A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
Patent US4788936A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4788936A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Methods for bedding livestock and treating sludge
Assignee: DRMK VENTURES Inc
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Filing: 1987-10-27
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Granted: 1988-12-06
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Expires: 2007-10-27
Abstract
Abstract A method of bedding livestock includes placing an Aspen bark-based pellet product on the floor of a livestock confinement area, arranging the pellets in a layer of a generally uniform depth and housing livestock in the area on the layer of pellets. A sludge treatment method includes mixing the Aspen bark-based pellet product with sludge in a ratio of 1 part pellet to up to 40 parts sludge by weight in composting the mixed pellets and sludge to form a composted product. The Aspen bark-based pellets include between 5 and 45% Aspen bark, the balance including Aspen sawdust, ground wood chips and ground lumber.
Inventors
- 👤 Lanny D. Billings
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-08 13:12
CPC Classifications
A; A01; A01K; A01K1/00; A01K1/015; A01K1/0152; A01K1/0155
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 27
Claim 1
Independent Claim
114 words
A method of providing bedding on the floor of a livestock confinement area, comprising, providing Poplar bark-based pellets comprising ground Poplar bark between 5 and 45% by volume, the balance being selected from the group consisting of sawdust, ground wood chips and ground lumber, said pellets having a moisture content of between 5 and 15%; said pellets having a width of between 1/16 inch and 3/4 inch; and said pellets having a length of between 1/8 inch and 3/4 inch; placing said Poplar bark-based pellets on the floor of a livestock confinement area, arranging said pellets in a layer of generally uniform depth, and housing livestock in said area on said layer of pellets.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
114 words
A method of providing bedding on the floor of a livestock confinement area, comprising, providing Poplar bark-based pellets comprising ground Poplar bark between 5 and 45% by volume, the balance being selected from the group consisting of sawdust, ground wood chips and ground lumber, said pellets having a moisture content of between 5 and 15%; said pellets having a width of between 1/16 inch and 3/4 inch; and said pellets having a length of between 1/8 inch and 3/4 inch; placing said Poplar bark-based pellets on the floor of a livestock confinement area, arranging said pellets in a layer of generally uniform depth, and housing livestock in said area on said layer of pellets.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the Poplar wood of said pellets is selected from the group consisting of Aspen, Poplar and Cottonwood.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 2 wherein said pellets have a moisture content of between 6 and 8%.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 2 wherein said pellets have a width of between 1/8 inch and 3/4 inch.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 4 wherein said pellets have a length of between 1/4 inch and 1/2 inch.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 5 wherein said livestock is selected from the group consisting of horses, cattle and hogs.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 6 wherein said arranging step comprises arranging said pellets in a layer having a depth of between 2 inches and 6 inches.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 7 wherein said arranging step comprises arranging said pellets in a layer having a depth of between 3 inches and 5 inches.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
10 words
The method of claim 5 wherein said livestock comprises poultry.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 9 wherein said arranging step comprises arranging said pellets in a layer having a depth of between 1/4 inch and 1 inch.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 5 further comprising periodically removing the pellets in any wet areas of said layer.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 11 further comprising periodically replacing the Poplar bark-based pellets in said livestock confinement area with fresh pellets.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 12 further comprising collecting the pellets removed from said livestock confinement area and distributing said removed pellets onto the ground as a filler and fertilizer substitute.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method of claim 5 wherein said Poplar bark-based pellets are formed substantially entirely of Aspen.
Claim 16
Independent Claim
111 words
A method of treating sludge from a human waste treatment facility, comprising providing Poplar bark-based pellets comprising Poplar bark between 5 and 45% by volume, the balance being selected from the group consisting of ground Poplar wood chips and ground Poplar lumber, said pellets having a moisture content of between 5 and 15%; said pellets having a width of between 1/16 inch and 3/4 inch, and said pellets having a length of between 1/8 inch and 3/4 inch, mixing said Poplar bark-based pellets with sludge in a ratio of one part pellet to up to forty parts sludge by weight, composting the mixed pellets and sludge to form a composted product.
Claim 17
Independent Claim
111 words
A method of treating sludge from a human waste treatment facility, comprising providing Poplar bark-based pellets comprising Poplar bark between 5 and 45% by volume, the balance being selected from the group consisting of ground Poplar wood chips and ground Poplar lumber, said pellets having a moisture content of between 5 and 15%; said pellets having a width of between 1/16 inch and 3/4 inch, and said pellets having a length of between 1/8 inch and 3/4 inch, mixing said Poplar bark-based pellets with sludge in a ratio of one part pellet to up to forty parts sludge by weight, composting the mixed pellets and sludge to form a composted product.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 15 further comprising drying and granulating said composted product to provide a granular product.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 16 further comprising distributing said granular product as a plant food and fertilizer substitute.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 16 further comprising burning said granular product as a fuel.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 15 wherein the source of said Poplar bark, sawdust, wood chips and lumber is selected from the group consisting of Aspen, Poplar and Cottonwood.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 19 wherein said pellets have a moisture content of between 6 and 8%.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 19 wherein said pellets have a width of between 1/8 inch and 3/4 inch.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 19 wherein said pellets have a width of approximately 1/2 inch.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 21 wherein said pellets have a length of between 1/4 inch and 1/2 inch.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
31 words
The method of claim 16 wherein said drying and granulating steps comprise mixing said composted product in a heated drying tank, thereby allowing said product to naturally crumble into granular form.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 15 wherein said bark, sawdust, ground wood chips and ground lumber is comprised substantially entirely of Aspen.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1991-12-06 | 1992-06-06 | 1992-12-06 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1995-12-06 | 1996-06-06 | 1996-12-06 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1999-12-06 | 2000-06-06 | 2000-12-06 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |