US4311115A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Novel aggregate composition and method for making same
Assignee: Fort James Corp
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Filing: 1980-09-15
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Granted: 1982-01-19
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Expires: 2000-09-15
Abstract
Abstract A novel aggregate composition is provided comprising (a) pulp mill solid waste material, and (b) partially pyrolyzed cellulosic residue, as well as a method for making same. The subject aggregate composition exhibits a high degree of water absorbency and odor absorbency, respectively, and is adapted for use as an animal litter product. The method includes the steps of forming an aqueous slurry of components (a) and (b), compressing the slurry to form a wet aggregate product, and then drying same to produce the above composition.
Inventors
- 👤 Paul C. Litzinger
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-08 14:24
CPC Classifications
A; A01; A01K; A01K1/00; A01K1/015; A01K1/0152; A01K1/0155
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 25
Claim 1
Independent Claim
64 words
A method for forming a compressed, aggregate composition having a high degree of liquid absorbency and a high level of odor adsorbency, respectively, which comprises (a) forming an aqueous slurry including paper mill solid waste material and partially pyrolyzed cellulosic residue; (b) compressing said aqueous slurry to produce a wet aggregate product; and (c) drying the wet aggregate to produce said compressed aggregate composition.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
64 words
A method for forming a compressed, aggregate composition having a high degree of liquid absorbency and a high level of odor adsorbency, respectively, which comprises (a) forming an aqueous slurry including paper mill solid waste material and partially pyrolyzed cellulosic residue; (b) compressing said aqueous slurry to produce a wet aggregate product; and (c) drying the wet aggregate to produce said compressed aggregate composition.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of waste material to partially pyrolyzed residue in the aqueous slurry is from about 1.5:1, up to about 15:1.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
33 words
The method of claim 1, wherein said partially pyrolyzed cellulosic residue comprises from about 5%, up to about 60% by weight, based on the total weight of said residue, of volatile, organic material.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 1, wherein said pyrolyzed cellulosic residue comprises from about 10%, up to about 50% by weight, of volatile, organic material.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 1, wherein said aggregate composition has a density of from about 15 pounds per cubic foot, up to about 40 pounds per cubic foot.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 1, wherein said paper mill solid waste material comprises primary sludge from a paper mill waste treatment plant.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 1, wherein said partially pyrolyzed cellulosic residue comprises wood waste residue which has been partially pyrolyzed.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the density of said aggregate composition is from about 15 pounds per cubic foot, up to about 30 pounds per cubic foot.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 8, wherein said liquid absorbency of the compressed aggregate is from about 90%, up to about 200%.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 6, wherein the total solids of the slurry is from about 20% by weight, up to about 60% by weight.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
43 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the odor adsorbency of said compressed aggregate composition, as measured relative to the saturated vapor pressure for secondary butylamine at the 200 microliter and 1,000 microliter addition levels, respectively, is not more than about 30% and 85%.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 11, wherein odor adsorbency is not more than about 25% and 75%, respectively.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
28 words
A compressed aggregate composition having a high degree of liquid absorbency and odor adsorbency, respectively, comprising (a) paper mill solids waste material, and (b) partially pyrolyzed cellulosic residue.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
28 words
A compressed aggregate composition having a high degree of liquid absorbency and odor adsorbency, respectively, comprising (a) paper mill solids waste material, and (b) partially pyrolyzed cellulosic residue.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
42 words
The composition of claim 13, wherein the aggregate composition comprises from about 60%, up to about 95% by weight of said paper mill solids waste material and from about 5%, up to about 40% by weight of said partially pyrolyzed cellulosic residue.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
24 words
The compressed aggregate composition of claim 13, wherein said paper mill solids waste material comprises primary sludge from a paper mill waste treatment plant.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
20 words
The composition of claim 13, wherein said partially pyrolyzed cellulosic residue comprises wood waste residue which has been partially pyrolyzed.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
24 words
The composition of claim 13, wherein ssaid pyrolyzed cellulosic residue comprises from about 5%, up to about 60% by weight of volatile, organic matter.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
23 words
The composition of claim 17, wherein said pyrolyzed cellulosic residue comprises from about 10% to about 50% by weight of volatile, organic matter.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
24 words
The composition of claim 13, having a density of from about 15 pounds per cubic foot, up to about 40 pounds per cubic foot.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
24 words
The composition of claim 19, wherein said density is from about 20 pounds per cubic foot, up to about 30 pounds per cubic foot.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
22 words
The composition of claim 20, wherein the liquid absorbency of the compressed aggregate composition is from about 90%, up to about 200%.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
41 words
The composition of claim 13, wherein the odor adsorbency of said aggregate, measured relative to the saturated vapor pressure of secondary butylamine at the 200 microliter and 1,000 microliter addition levels, respectively, is not more than about 30% and 85%, respectively.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
18 words
The composition of claim 22, wherein said vapor pressure is not more than about 25% and 75%, respectively.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1985-01-18 | 1985-07-20 | 1986-01-19 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1989-01-18 | 1989-07-20 | 1990-01-19 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1993-01-18 | 1993-07-20 | 1994-01-19 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |