US4780228A — Viscosity index improver--dispersant additive use…

Claim 1

Independent Claim 153 words

A process comprising grafting in the substantial absence of solvent a hydrocarbon polymer of C 2 to C 28 olefin, said polymer having a number average molecular weight in the range of about 5,000 to 500,000 with an unsaturated material selected from the group consisting of: (A) ethylenically unsaturated C 3 to C 10 carboxylic acid having 1 to 2 carboxylic acid groups or an anhydride group, and (B) nitrogen-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomers containing 6 to 30 carbon atoms and 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, in the presence of a free radical initiator and a chain stopping agent comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of aliphatic mercaptans having 4 to 24 carbon atoms, diethyl hydroxyl amine, cumene and phenols, said grafting being conducted in a manner and under conditions sufficient to form a substantially oil soluble graft copolymer useful as a viscosity index improver-dispersant additive for lubricating oil compositions.

Claim 2

Dependent Claim 153 words

A process comprising grafting in the substantial absence of solvent a hydrocarbon polymer of C 2 to C 28 olefin, said polymer having a number average molecular weight in the range of about 5,000 to 500,000 with an unsaturated material selected from the group consisting of: (A) ethylenically unsaturated C 3 to C 10 carboxylic acid having 1 to 2 carboxylic acid groups or an anhydride group, and (B) nitrogen-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomers containing 6 to 30 carbon atoms and 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, in the presence of a free radical initiator and a chain stopping agent comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of aliphatic mercaptans having 4 to 24 carbon atoms, diethyl hydroxyl amine, cumene and phenols, said grafting being conducted in a manner and under conditions sufficient to form a substantially oil soluble graft copolymer useful as a viscosity index improver-dispersant additive for lubricating oil compositions.

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 31 words

A process according to claim 1, wherein said hydrocarbon polymer is a hydrogenated copolymer of styrene with at least one aliphatic diene selected from the group consisting of butadiene and isoprene.

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 23 words

A process according to claim 2, wherein said hydrocarbon polymer is a hydrogenated polymer of blocks of styrene with blocks of said diene.

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 24 words

A process according to claim 1, wherein said hydrocarbon polymer is a copolymer of ethylene with a C 3 to C 28 alpha olefin.

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 16 words

A process according to claim 4, wherein said hydrocarbon polymer consists essentially of ethylene and propylene.

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 169 words

A process comprising grafting in the substantial absence of solvent an oil-soluble ethylene copolymer comprising about 15 to 90 weight % ethylene and about 10 to 85 weight % of C 3 to C 28 alpha-olefin, said copolymer having a number average molecular weight within the range of about 5,000 to 500,000 with an unsaturated material selected from the group consisting of: (A) ethylenically unsaturated C 3 to C 10 carboxylic acid having 1 to 2 carboxylic acid groups or an anhydride group, and (B) nitrogen-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomers containing 6 to 30 carbon atoms and 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, in the presence of a free radical initiator and a chain stopping agent comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of aliphatic mercaptans having 4 to 24 carbon atoms, diethyl hydroxyl amine, cumene and phenols, said grafting being conducted in a manner and under conditions sufficient to form a substantially oil soluble graft copolymer useful as a viscosity index improver-dispersant additive for lubricating oil compositions.

Claim 8

Dependent Claim 169 words

A process comprising grafting in the substantial absence of solvent an oil-soluble ethylene copolymer comprising about 15 to 90 weight % ethylene and about 10 to 85 weight % of C 3 to C 28 alpha-olefin, said copolymer having a number average molecular weight within the range of about 5,000 to 500,000 with an unsaturated material selected from the group consisting of: (A) ethylenically unsaturated C 3 to C 10 carboxylic acid having 1 to 2 carboxylic acid groups or an anhydride group, and (B) nitrogen-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomers containing 6 to 30 carbon atoms and 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, in the presence of a free radical initiator and a chain stopping agent comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of aliphatic mercaptans having 4 to 24 carbon atoms, diethyl hydroxyl amine, cumene and phenols, said grafting being conducted in a manner and under conditions sufficient to form a substantially oil soluble graft copolymer useful as a viscosity index improver-dispersant additive for lubricating oil compositions.

Claim 9

Dependent Claim 39 words

A process according to claim 6, wherein said copolymer is grafted with said unsaturated material by mixing said copolymer, unsaturated material, free radical initiator and chain stopper at about 120° to 250° C. for about 0.005 to 12 hours.

Claim 10

Dependent Claim 26 words

A process according to claim 6, wherein the grafted material is subsequently mixed with mineral lubricating oil to form an oil concentrate or an oil composition.

Claim 11

Dependent Claim 56 words

A process according to claim 6, wherein said mixture comprises about 0.1 to 10 wt. % of said unsaturated material, about 0.05 to 10 wt. % of said chain stopping material and about 0.005 to 1 wt % of said free radical initiator, all of said weight percents being based upon the weight of said copolymer.

Claim 12

Dependent Claim 69 words

A process according to claim 6, wherein a homogeneous mixture is formed of said ethylene copolymer, unsaturated material, initiator and chain stopping agent by heating and mixing at a first temperature below the temperature at which said initiator generates substantial free radicals, and then heating and mixing at a second higher temperature at which said initiator generates substantial free radicals and a major proportion of said grafting takes place.

Claim 13

Dependent Claim 34 words

A process according to claim 10, wherein said first temperature is in the range of about 100° to 160° C. and said second temperature is in the range of about 170° to 240° C.

Claim 14

Dependent Claim 79 words

A process according to claim 10, wherein said process is carried out in multiple stages, said first stage comprising forming said homogeneous mixture at said first temperature, then heating and mixing at said second temperature to effect grafting; and at least one additional stage of cooling to said first temperature, adding additional unsaturated material, initiator, and chain stopping agent at said first temperature and reheating and mixing to said second temperature to effect grafting of said additional unsaturated material.

Claim 15

Dependent Claim 55 words

A process according to claim 6, wherein said ethylene copolymer is a normally solid rubber at room temperature and mixing is carried out in a mechanical mixer which heats and kneads said rubber, unsaturated material, initiator and chain stopping agent into a homogeneous solid rubbery mass in which grafting takes place in the solid state.

Claim 16

Dependent Claim 17 words

A process according to claim 6, wherein said unsaturated material is said unsaturated carboxylic acid or anhydride.

Claim 17

Dependent Claim 13 words

A process according to claim 14, wherein said unsaturated material is maleic anhydride.

Claim 18

Dependent Claim 43 words

A process according to claim 14, wherein said graft material is dissolved in a mineral lubricating oil and reacted with an amine having 2 to 60 carbon atoms and 1 to 12 amine groups to form an oil soluble Viscosity-Index improving--dispersant additive concentrate.

Claim 19

Dependent Claim 27 words

A process according to claim 16, wherein said carboxylic acid material is maleic anhydride and said amine is a polyamine having at least one primary amine group.

Claim 20

Dependent Claim 42 words

A process according to claim 6, wherein said copolymer consists essentially of about 30 to 80 weight % ethylene and about 20 to 70 weight % propylene, and has a number average molecular weight in the range of about 10,000 to 200,000.

Claim 21

Dependent Claim 14 words

A process according to claim 6, wherein said free radical initiator is a peroxide.

Claim 22

Dependent Claim 20 words

A process according to claim 19, wherein said chain stopping agent is a C 4 to C 24 aliphatic mercaptan.

Claim 23

Dependent Claim 16 words

A process according to claim 6, wherein said unsaturated material is said nitrogen-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer.

Claim 24

Dependent Claim 25 words

A process according to claim 21, wherein said nitrogen containing monomer is selected from the group consisting of vinyl pyridenes, vinyl pyrrolidones, acrylates and methacrylates.

Claim 25

Dependent Claim 15 words

A process according to claim 6, wherein said ethylene copolymer consists of ethylene and propylene.

Claim 26

Dependent Claim 20 words

A process according to claim 6, wherein said ethylene copolymer is a terpolymer of ethylene, propylene and an unsaturated diene.

Claim 27

Dependent Claim 10 words

The product produced by a process according to claim 1.

Claim 28

Dependent Claim 10 words

The product produced by a process according to claim 2.

Claim 29

Dependent Claim 10 words

The product produced by the process according to claim 4.

Claim 30

Dependent Claim 10 words

The product produced by the process according to claim 6.

Claim 31

Dependent Claim 10 words

The product produced by the process according to claim 8.

Claim 32

Dependent Claim 10 words

The product produced by the process according to claim 16.

Claim 33

Dependent Claim 10 words

The product produced by the process according to claim 21.

Claim 34

Dependent Claim 14 words

A lubricating oil composition comprising a lubricating oil and the product of claim 25.

Claim 35

Dependent Claim 14 words

A lubricating oil composition comprising a lubricating oil and the product of claim 26.

Claim 36

Dependent Claim 14 words

A lubricating oil composition comprising a lubricating oil and the product of claim 27.

Claim 37

Dependent Claim 14 words

A lubricating oil composition comprising a lubricating oil and the product of claim 28.

Claim 38

Dependent Claim 14 words

A lubricating oil composition comprising a lubricating oil and the product of claim 29.

Claim 39

Dependent Claim 14 words

A lubricating oil composition comprising a lubricating oil and the product of claim 30.

Claim 40

Dependent Claim 14 words

A lubricating oil composition comprising a lubricating oil and the product of claim 31.

Claim 41

Dependent Claim 169 words

A process comprising grafting in the substantial absence of solvent at a temperature from about 120° to 250° C. for about 0.005 to 12 hours, a hydrocarbon polymer of C 2 to C 28 olefin, said polymer having a number average molecular weight in the range of about 5,000 to 500,000 with from about 0.1 to 10 weight % of an unsaturated material selected from the group consisting of: (A) ethylenically unsaturated C 3 to C 10 carboxylic acid having 1 to 2 carboxylic acid groups or an anhydride group, and (B) nitrogen-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomers containing 6 to 30 carbon atoms and 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, in the presence of about 0.005 to 1.0 weight % of a free radical initiator and about 0.05 to 10 weight % of a chain stopping agent consisting of one or more of an aliphatic mercaptan having 4 to 24 carbon atoms, diethyl hydroxyl amine, cumene or phenols, all of said weight percentages being based upon the weight of said copolymer.

Claim 42

Dependent Claim 169 words

A process comprising grafting in the substantial absence of solvent at a temperature from about 120° to 250° C. for about 0.005 to 12 hours, a hydrocarbon polymer of C 2 to C 28 olefin, said polymer having a number average molecular weight in the range of about 5,000 to 500,000 with from about 0.1 to 10 weight % of an unsaturated material selected from the group consisting of: (A) ethylenically unsaturated C 3 to C 10 carboxylic acid having 1 to 2 carboxylic acid groups or an anhydride group, and (B) nitrogen-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomers containing 6 to 30 carbon atoms and 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, in the presence of about 0.005 to 1.0 weight % of a free radical initiator and about 0.05 to 10 weight % of a chain stopping agent consisting of one or more of an aliphatic mercaptan having 4 to 24 carbon atoms, diethyl hydroxyl amine, cumene or phenols, all of said weight percentages being based upon the weight of said copolymer.

Claim 43

Dependent Claim 53 words

A process according to claim 39, wherein said hydrocarbon polymer is an oil-soluble ethylene copolymer comprising about 15 to 90 weight % ethylene, about 10 to 85 weight % of one or more C 3 to C 28 alpha-olefins, and from 0 to about 20 weight % of one or more non-conjugated diolefins.

Claim 44

Dependent Claim 31 words

A process according to claim 40, wherein said hydrocarbon polymer is a hydrogenated copolymer of styrene with at least one aliphatic diene selected from the group consisting of butadiene and isoprene.

Claim 45

Dependent Claim 23 words

A process according to claim 40, wherein said hydrocarbon polymer is a copolymer of ethylene with C 3 to C 28 alpha olefin.

Claim 46

Dependent Claim 39 words

A process according to claim 40, wherein said copolymer is grafted with said unsaturated material by mixing said copolymer, unsaturated material, free radical initiator and chain stopper at about 120° to 250° C. for about 0.005 to 12 hours.

Claim 47

Dependent Claim 69 words

A process according to claim 40, wherein a homogeneous mixture is formed of said ethylene copolymer, unsaturated material, initiator and chain stopping agent by heating and mixing at a first temperature below the temperature at which said initiator generates substantial free radicals, and then heating and mixing at a second higher temperature at which said initiator generates substantial free radicals and a major proportion of said grafting takes place.

Claim 48

Dependent Claim 55 words

A process according to claim 40, wherein said ethylene copolymer is a normally solid rubber at room temperature and mixing is carried out in a mechanical mixer which heats and kneads said rubber, unsaturated material, initiator and chain stopping agent into a homogeneous solid rubbery mass in which grafting takes place in the solid state.

Claim 49

Dependent Claim 17 words

A process according to claim 40, wherein said unsaturated material is said unsaturated carboxylic acid or anhydride.

Claim 50

Dependent Claim 42 words

A process according to claim 40, wherein said copolymer consists essentially of about 30 to 80 weight % ethylene and about 20 to 70 weight % propylene, and has a number average molecular weight in the range of about 10,000 to 200,000.

Claim 51

Dependent Claim 14 words

A process according to claim 40, wherein said free radical initiator is a peroxide.

Claim 52

Dependent Claim 16 words

A process according to claim 40, wherein said unsaturated material is said nitrogen-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer.

Claim 53

Dependent Claim 15 words

A process according to claim 40, wherein said ethylene copolymer consists of ethylene and propylene.

Claim 54

Dependent Claim 20 words

A process according to claim 40, wherein said ethylene copolymer is a terpolymer of ethylene, propylene and an unsaturated diene.

Claim 55

Dependent Claim 22 words

A process according to claim 40, wherein the grafted material is subsequently mixed with mineral lubricating oil to form an oil concentrate.

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	1991-10-25	1992-04-25	1992-10-25	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	1995-10-25	1996-04-25	1996-10-25	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	1999-10-25	2000-04-25	2000-10-25	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Viscosity index improver--dispersant additive useful in oil compositions

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