US4736663A
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US
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Electronic system for synthesizing and combining voices of musical instruments
Assignee: California Institute of Technology
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Filing: 1984-10-19
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Granted: 1988-04-12
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Expires: 2004-10-19
Abstract
Abstract A digital system is provided for synthesizing individual voices of musical instruments, which may then be combined into a musical composition. The system for a single voice is comprised of means for solving a system of simultaneous finite difference equations, where time is represented by real time in the computations. Musical sounds of the voice can then be produced by repetitiously solving the difference equations that model the instrument in real time, using an array of elemental means named "universal processing elements" (UPEs) interconnected by a matrix to each other and to external input and output terminals, and varying the sounds by varying the parameters. Each UPE is capable of computing Y=A+(B×M) from pipelined bit-serial inputs. The difference equations model a general linear filter, a second-order linear filter, a nonlinear polynomial function, and a random number (noise) generating function. These functions formed by interconnecting UPEs may in turn be combined by the interconnection matrix to form functional sections, and the sections are in turn combined by the interconnection matrix to form voices of struck or plucked instruments and blown instrument, or hybrid voices that partake of the attack characteristic of struck or plucked instruments, and tonal characteristics of a blown instrument.
Inventors
- 👤 John C. Wawrzynek
- 👤 Carver A. Mead
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-25 14:56
CPC Classifications
G; G10; G10H; G10H1/00; G10H1/02; G10H1/06; G10H1/08; G10H5/00; G10H5/007; G10H7/00; G10H7/08; G10H2250/00; G10H2250/131; G10H2250/165; G10H2250/205; G10H2250/211; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S84/00; Y10S84/09; Y10S84/10
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 6
Claim 1
Independent Claim
116 words
In a digital system for synthesizing voices of musical instruments, an attack section comprising a second order resonator responsive to an input pulse to provide an output signal that rises rapidly and decays slowly, and means for modulating random noise on the output signal of said second order resonator with an amplitude of noise that is a function of said output signal wherein said random noise modulating means is comprised of a random number generating means and means for computing the function y=x(NM·RNG+SG) where x is the output of said second order resonator, NM is a noise modulation coefficient, RNG is the output of said random number generating means, and SG is a signal gain coefficient.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
116 words
In a digital system for synthesizing voices of musical instruments, an attack section comprising a second order resonator responsive to an input pulse to provide an output signal that rises rapidly and decays slowly, and means for modulating random noise on the output signal of said second order resonator with an amplitude of noise that is a function of said output signal wherein said random noise modulating means is comprised of a random number generating means and means for computing the function y=x(NM·RNG+SG) where x is the output of said second order resonator, NM is a noise modulation coefficient, RNG is the output of said random number generating means, and SG is a signal gain coefficient.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
268 words
In a digital system for synthesizing voices of musical instruments, an attack section comprising a second order resonator having an input signal x n and an output signal y n responsive to an input pulse to provide an output signal that rises rapidly and decays slowly, and means for modulating random noise on the output signal of said second order resonator with an amplitude of noise that is a function of said output signal, said resonator being comprised of a plurality of two-pole linear filters connected in parallel to form a resonator, the output of which is the output of said digital system for synthesizing voices of a musical instrument wherein each filter comprises first pipeline means for computing (-R 2 Y+X)Z -1 , where X is the current value of said input signal x n and Y the current value of said output signal y n , and a second pipeline means for computing and adding to the output of said first computing means the function (2RcosθY)Z -1 , thereby producing as the output of said second computing means the function [2Rcosθ c Y+(-R 2 Y+X)Z -1 ]Z -1 , where Z -1 is a word delay of each of said pipeline computing means, R is the radial distance of two filter poles from the origin in the Z-plane, and θ c is the angle of the poles off the real axis defining the center frequency of the filter response in a Z transform of a conventional second-order linear differential equation y n =αy n-1 +βy n-2 +x n , where α and β are constant coefficients.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
268 words
In a digital system for synthesizing voices of musical instruments, an attack section comprising a second order resonator having an input signal x n and an output signal y n responsive to an input pulse to provide an output signal that rises rapidly and decays slowly, and means for modulating random noise on the output signal of said second order resonator with an amplitude of noise that is a function of said output signal, said resonator being comprised of a plurality of two-pole linear filters connected in parallel to form a resonator, the output of which is the output of said digital system for synthesizing voices of a musical instrument wherein each filter comprises first pipeline means for computing (-R 2 Y+X)Z -1 , where X is the current value of said input signal x n and Y the current value of said output signal y n , and a second pipeline means for computing and adding to the output of said first computing means the function (2RcosθY)Z -1 , thereby producing as the output of said second computing means the function [2Rcosθ c Y+(-R 2 Y+X)Z -1 ]Z -1 , where Z -1 is a word delay of each of said pipeline computing means, R is the radial distance of two filter poles from the origin in the Z-plane, and θ c is the angle of the poles off the real axis defining the center frequency of the filter response in a Z transform of a conventional second-order linear differential equation y n =αy n-1 +βy n-2 +x n , where α and β are constant coefficients.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
200 words
A digital system for synthesizing voices of musical instruments, comprised of a closed loop having a nonlinear function computing means for computing a third order polynomial from its input signal x n , and a resonator section responsive to the output y n of said nonlinear function computing means, wherein said resonator section is comprised of first pipeline means for computing (-R 2 Y+X)Z -1 , where X is the current value of said input signal x n and Y the current value of said output signal y n , and a second pipeline means for computing and adding to the output of said first computing means the function (2RcosθY)Z -1 , thereby producing as the output of said second computing means the function [2RcosθY+(-R 2 Y+X)Z -1 ]Z -1 , where Z -1 is a word delay of each of said pipeline computing means, R is the radial distance of two filter poles from the origin in the Z-plane, and θ c is the angle of the poles off the real axis defining the center frequency of the filter response in a Z transform of a second-order linear differential equation y n =αy n-1 +βy n-2 +x n .
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
200 words
A digital system for synthesizing voices of musical instruments, comprised of a closed loop having a nonlinear function computing means for computing a third order polynomial from its input signal x n , and a resonator section responsive to the output y n of said nonlinear function computing means, wherein said resonator section is comprised of first pipeline means for computing (-R 2 Y+X)Z -1 , where X is the current value of said input signal x n and Y the current value of said output signal y n , and a second pipeline means for computing and adding to the output of said first computing means the function (2RcosθY)Z -1 , thereby producing as the output of said second computing means the function [2RcosθY+(-R 2 Y+X)Z -1 ]Z -1 , where Z -1 is a word delay of each of said pipeline computing means, R is the radial distance of two filter poles from the origin in the Z-plane, and θ c is the angle of the poles off the real axis defining the center frequency of the filter response in a Z transform of a second-order linear differential equation y n =αy n-1 +βy n-2 +x n .
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1991-04-12 | 1991-10-12 | 1992-04-12 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1995-04-12 | 1995-10-12 | 1996-04-12 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1999-04-12 | 1999-10-12 | 2000-04-12 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |