US4695402A — Organophilic clay gellants and process for prepar…

Claim 1

Independent Claim 137 words

A process for preparing an organophilic clay gellant comprising: (a) subjecting a slurry of smectite-type clay having a cation exchange capacity of at least 75 milliequivalents per 100 grams of clay to high shear conditions whereby clay agglomerates are separated, said smectite-type clay having been previously treated to remove non-clay impurities; (b) reacting the smectite-type clay with organic cation in an amount ranging from about 90 to about 150% of the cation exchange capacity of the smectite-type clay whereby at least some of the cation exchange sites of the smectite-type clay are substituted with organic cation thereby forming an organiphilic clay gellant; (c) separating the organophilic clay gellant from the slurry; and (d) drying the organophilic clay gellant under conditions selected such that the temperature of the wet organophilic clay gellant does not exceed about 50° C.

Claim 2

Dependent Claim 137 words

A process for preparing an organophilic clay gellant comprising: (a) subjecting a slurry of smectite-type clay having a cation exchange capacity of at least 75 milliequivalents per 100 grams of clay to high shear conditions whereby clay agglomerates are separated, said smectite-type clay having been previously treated to remove non-clay impurities; (b) reacting the smectite-type clay with organic cation in an amount ranging from about 90 to about 150% of the cation exchange capacity of the smectite-type clay whereby at least some of the cation exchange sites of the smectite-type clay are substituted with organic cation thereby forming an organiphilic clay gellant; (c) separating the organophilic clay gellant from the slurry; and (d) drying the organophilic clay gellant under conditions selected such that the temperature of the wet organophilic clay gellant does not exceed about 50° C.

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 21 words

The process of claim 1 wherein the smectite-type clay is selected from the group consisting of bentonite, hectorite and mixtures thereof.

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 21 words

The process of claim 1 wherein the slurry contains from about 0.5 to about 80% by weight of the smectite-type clay.

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 21 words

The process of claim 3 wherein the slurry contains from about 0.5 to about 3.0% by weight of the smectite-type clay.

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 34 words

The process of claim 1 wherein the sheared clay exhibits an increase in capacity of from about 10 to about 50% as determined by the methylene blue spot test when compared to unsheared clay.

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 28 words

The process of claim 1 wherein the sheared clay exhibits a reduction in median particle size of from about 10 to about 80% when compared to unsheared clay.

Claim 8

Dependent Claim 33 words

The process of claim 1 wherein the high shear conditions are achieved by passing the slurry at least one time through a Manton-Gaulin homogenizer operating at from about 500 to about 8,000 psi.

Claim 9

Dependent Claim 34 words

The process of claim 1 wherein the smectite-type clay is reacted with organic cation in an amount ranging from about 100 to about 130% of the cation exchange capacity of the smectite type clay.

Claim 10

Dependent Claim 27 words

The process of claim 1 wherein the organic cation contains at least one lineal or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having 12 to 22 carbon atoms.

Claim 11

Dependent Claim 135 words

The process of claim 9 wherein the organic cation is at least one of ##STR2## wherein X is a nitrogen or phosphous, Y is sulfur, R 1 is a lineal or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having 12 to 22 carbon atoms and R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from (a) lineal or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 22 carbon atoms; (b) aralkyl group which are benzyl and substituted benzyl moieties including fused ring moieties having lineal or branched 1 to 22 carbon atoms in the alkyl portion of the structure: (c) aryl groups such as phenyl and substituted phenyl including fused ring aromatic substituents; (d) beta, gamma unsaturated groups having six or less carbon atoms or hydroxylalkyl groups having 2 to 6 carbon atoms; and (e) hydrogen.

Claim 12

Dependent Claim 56 words

The process of claim 1 wherein an organic anion having a pKa less than about 11.0 is mixed with the smectite-type clay and the organic cation, said organic anion being present in amount such that the milliequivalent ratio of the organic cation to organic anion is in the range of from about 1.7:1.0 to about 28:1.0.

Claim 13

Dependent Claim 29 words

The process of claim 1 wherein the organophilic clay gellant is dried in an airstream having a temperature in the range of from about 25° to about 50° C.

Claim 14

Dependent Claim 22 words

The process of claim 12 wherein the airstream has a temperature in the range of from about 35° to about 45° C.

Claim 15

Dependent Claim 31 words

The process of claim 1 wherein the organophilic clay gellant is dried in a fluidized bed having incoming air temperature in the range of from about 25° to about 125° C.

Claim 16

Dependent Claim 24 words

The process of claim 14 wherein the fluidized bed has incoming air temperature in the range of from about 25° to about 100° C.

Claim 17

Dependent Claim 15 words

The process of claim 1 wherein the organophilic clay gellant is dried by freeze drying.

Claim 18

Dependent Claim 32 words

The process of claim 1 wherein the slurry is diluted prior to reaction with organic cation such that slurry contains from about 0.5 to about 2.5% by weight of the smectitetype clay.

Claim 19

Dependent Claim 27 words

The process of claim 17 wherein the slurry is diluted such that the slurry contains from about 0.5 to about 2.0% by weight of the smectite-type clay.

Claim 20

Dependent Claim 11 words

The organophilic clay gellant made by the process of claim 1.

Claim 21

Dependent Claim 132 words

A process for preparing an organophilic clay gellant comprising: (a) preparing a slurry of smectite-type clay having a cation exchange capacity of at least 75 milliequivalents per 100 grams of clay wherein the slurry contains from about 0.5 to 2.5% by weight of the smectite-type clay; (b) reacting the smectite-type clay with organic c:ation in an amount ranging from about 90 to about 150% of the cation exchange capacity of the smectite-type clay whereby at least some of the cation exchange sites of the smectite-type clay are substituted with organic carion thereby forming an organophilic clay gellant; (c) separating the organophilic clay gellant from the slurry; and (d) drying the organophilic clay gellant under conditions selected such that the temperature of the wet organophilic clay gellant does not exceed about 50° C.

Claim 22

Dependent Claim 132 words

A process for preparing an organophilic clay gellant comprising: (a) preparing a slurry of smectite-type clay having a cation exchange capacity of at least 75 milliequivalents per 100 grams of clay wherein the slurry contains from about 0.5 to 2.5% by weight of the smectite-type clay; (b) reacting the smectite-type clay with organic c:ation in an amount ranging from about 90 to about 150% of the cation exchange capacity of the smectite-type clay whereby at least some of the cation exchange sites of the smectite-type clay are substituted with organic carion thereby forming an organophilic clay gellant; (c) separating the organophilic clay gellant from the slurry; and (d) drying the organophilic clay gellant under conditions selected such that the temperature of the wet organophilic clay gellant does not exceed about 50° C.

Claim 23

Dependent Claim 30 words

The process of claim 20 wherein the slurry is prepared by forming a slurry containing greater than about 3.0% by weight of the smectite-type clay and then diluting the slurry.

Claim 24

Dependent Claim 22 words

The process of claim 21 wherein the diluted slurry contains from about 0.5 to about 2.0% by weight of the smectite-type clay.

Claim 25

Dependent Claim 33 words

The process of claim 20 wherein the smectite-type clay is reacted with organic cation in an amount ranging from about 100 to about 130% of the cation exchange capacity of the smectite-type clay.

Claim 26

Dependent Claim 27 words

The process of claim 20 wherein the organic cation contains at least one lineal or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having 12 to 22 carbon atoms

Claim 27

Dependent Claim 126 words

The process of claim 24 wherein the organic cation is at least one of ##STR3## wherein R 1 is a lineal or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having 12 to 22 carbon atoms and R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from (a) lineal or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 22 carbon atoms; (b) aralkyl group which are benzyl and substituted benzyl moieties including fused ring moieties having lineal or branched 1 to 22 carbon atoms in the alkyl portion of the structure; (c) aryl groups such as phenyl and substituted phenyl including fused ring aromatic substituents; (d) beta, gamma unsaturated groups having 6 or less carbon atoms or hydroxylalkyl groups having 2 to 6 carbon atoms; and (e) hydrogen.

Claim 28

Dependent Claim 56 words

The process of claim 20 wherein an organic anion having a pKa less than about 11.0 is mixed with the smectite-type clay and the organic cation, said organic anion being present in amount such that the milliequivalent ratio of the organic cation to organic anion is in the range of from about 1.7:1.0 to about 28:1.0.

Claim 29

Dependent Claim 29 words

The process of claim 20 wherein the organophilic clay gellant is dried in an airstream having a temperature in the range of from about 25° to about 50° C.

Claim 30

Dependent Claim 22 words

The process of claim 27 wherein the airstream has a temperature in the range of from about 35° to about 45° C.

Claim 31

Dependent Claim 30 words

The process of claim 20 wherein the organophilic clay gellant is dried in a fluidized bed having a temperature in the range of from about 25° to about 125° C.

Claim 32

Dependent Claim 23 words

The process of claim 29 wherein the fluidized bed has a temperature in the range of from about 25° to about 100° C.

Claim 33

Dependent Claim 15 words

The process of claim 20 wherein the organophilic clay gellant is dried by freeze drying.

Claim 34

Dependent Claim 11 words

The organophilic clay gellant made by the process of claim 20.

Claim 35

Dependent Claim 118 words

A process for preparing an organophilic clay gellant comprising: (a) subjecting a slurry of smectite-type clay having a cation exchange capacity of at least 75 milliequivalents per 100 grams of clay to high shear conditions whereby clay agglomerates are separated, said smectite-type clay having been previously treated to remove non-clay impurities; (b) reacting the smectite-type clay with organic cation in an amount ranging from about 90 to about 150% of the cation exchange capacity of the smectite-type clay whereby at least some of the cation exchange sites of the smectite-type clay are substituted with organic cation thereby forming an organophilic clay gellant; (c) separating the organophilic clay gellant from the slurry; and (d) drying the organophilic clay gellant.

Claim 36

Dependent Claim 118 words

A process for preparing an organophilic clay gellant comprising: (a) subjecting a slurry of smectite-type clay having a cation exchange capacity of at least 75 milliequivalents per 100 grams of clay to high shear conditions whereby clay agglomerates are separated, said smectite-type clay having been previously treated to remove non-clay impurities; (b) reacting the smectite-type clay with organic cation in an amount ranging from about 90 to about 150% of the cation exchange capacity of the smectite-type clay whereby at least some of the cation exchange sites of the smectite-type clay are substituted with organic cation thereby forming an organophilic clay gellant; (c) separating the organophilic clay gellant from the slurry; and (d) drying the organophilic clay gellant.

Claim 37

Dependent Claim 36 words

The process of claim 33 wherein the sheared clay exhibits an increase in cation exchange capacity of from about 10 to about 50% as determined by the methylene blue spot test when compared to unsheared clay.

Claim 38

Dependent Claim 36 words

The process of claim 34 wherein the sheared clay exhibits an increase in cation exchange capacity of from about 15 to about 40% as determined by the methylene blue spot test when compared to unsheared clay.

Claim 39

Dependent Claim 28 words

The process of claim 33 wherein the sheared clay exhibits a reduction in median particle size of from about 10 to about 80% when compared to unsheared clay.

Claim 40

Dependent Claim 28 words

The process of claim 36 wherein the sheared clay exhibits a reduction in median particle size of from about 20 to about 60% when compared to unsheared clay.

Claim 41

Dependent Claim 33 words

The process of claim 33 wherein the high shear conditions are achieved by passing the slurry at least one time through a Manton-Gaulin homogenizer operating at from about 500 to about 8,000 psi.

Claim 42

Dependent Claim 33 words

The process of claim 33 wherein the smectite-type clay is reacted with organic cation in an amount ranging from about 100 to about 130% of the cation exchange capacity of the smectite-type clay.

Claim 43

Dependent Claim 56 words

The process of claim 33 wherein an organic anion having a pKa less than about 11.0 is mixed with the smectite-type clay and the organic cation, said organic anion being present in amount such that the milliequivalent ratio of the organic cation to organic anion is in the range of from about 3.0:1.0 to about 12:1.0.

Claim 44

Dependent Claim 22 words

The process of claim 33 wherein the airstream has a temperature in the range of from about 35° to about 45° C.

Claim 45

Dependent Claim 15 words

The process of claim 33 wherein the organophilic clay gellant is dried by freeze drying.

Claim 46

Dependent Claim 32 words

The process of claim 33 wherein the slurry is diluted prior to reaction with organic cation such that slurry contains from about 0.5 to about 1.5% by weight of the smectitetype clay.

Claim 47

Dependent Claim 254 words

A process for preparing an organophilic clay gellant for polyester compositions comprising: (a) subjecting a slurry of smectite-type clay having a cation exchange capacity of at least 75 milliequivalents per 100 grams of clay to high shear conditions whereby clay agglomerates are separated, said smectite-type clay having been previously treated to remove non-clay impurities; (b) reacting the smectite-type clay with organic cation containing at least one lineal or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having 12 to 22 carbon atoms, at least one lineal or branched,saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and at least one aralkyl group having lineal or branched 1 to 12 carbons in the alkyl portion, said organic cation being in an amount ranging from about 90 to about 150% cf the cation exchange capacity of the smectite-type clay and organic anion having a pKa less than about 11.0 in an amount such that the milliequivalents ratio of the organic cation to the organic anion is in the range of from about 1.7:1.0 to about 28:1.0 whereby at least some of the cation exchange sites of the smectite-type clay are substituted with organic cation and at least some of the organic anion forms a complex with organic cation which is intercalated with the smectite-type clay thereby forming an organophilic clay gellant; (c) separating the organophilic clay gellant from the slurry; and (d) drying the organophilic clay gellant under conditions selected such that the temperature of the wet organophilic clay gellant does not exceed about 50° C.

Claim 48

Dependent Claim 254 words

A process for preparing an organophilic clay gellant for polyester compositions comprising: (a) subjecting a slurry of smectite-type clay having a cation exchange capacity of at least 75 milliequivalents per 100 grams of clay to high shear conditions whereby clay agglomerates are separated, said smectite-type clay having been previously treated to remove non-clay impurities; (b) reacting the smectite-type clay with organic cation containing at least one lineal or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having 12 to 22 carbon atoms, at least one lineal or branched,saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and at least one aralkyl group having lineal or branched 1 to 12 carbons in the alkyl portion, said organic cation being in an amount ranging from about 90 to about 150% cf the cation exchange capacity of the smectite-type clay and organic anion having a pKa less than about 11.0 in an amount such that the milliequivalents ratio of the organic cation to the organic anion is in the range of from about 1.7:1.0 to about 28:1.0 whereby at least some of the cation exchange sites of the smectite-type clay are substituted with organic cation and at least some of the organic anion forms a complex with organic cation which is intercalated with the smectite-type clay thereby forming an organophilic clay gellant; (c) separating the organophilic clay gellant from the slurry; and (d) drying the organophilic clay gellant under conditions selected such that the temperature of the wet organophilic clay gellant does not exceed about 50° C.

Claim 49

Dependent Claim 21 words

The process of claim 44 wherein the smectite-type clay is selected from the group consisting of bentonite, hectorite and mixtures thereof.

Claim 50

Dependent Claim 21 words

The process of claim 44 wherein the slurry contains from about 0.5 to about 80% by weight of the smectite-type clay.

Claim 51

Dependent Claim 33 words

The process of claim 44 wherein the high shear conditions are achieved by passing the slurry at least one time through a Manton-Gaulin homogenizer operating at from about 500 to about 8,000 psi.

Claim 52

Dependent Claim 33 words

The process of claim 44 wherein the smectite-type clay is reacted with organic cation in an amount ranging from about 100 to about 130% of the cation exchange capacity of the smectite-type clay.

Claim 53

Dependent Claim 13 words

The process of claim 44 wherein the organic cation contains a benzyl group.

Claim 54

Dependent Claim 19 words

The process of claim 49 wherein the organic cation is ammonium and further contains at least one methyl group.

Claim 55

Dependent Claim 15 words

The process of claim 50 wherein the organic cation is benzyl dimethyl hydrogenated tallow ammonium

Claim 56

Dependent Claim 29 words

The process of claim 44 wherein the organic anion is derived from at least one member selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids and alkyl sulfates

Claim 57

Dependent Claim 22 words

The process of claim 52 wherein the organic anion is selected from the group consisting of stearate, lauryl sulfate and mixtures thereof.

Claim 58

Dependent Claim 11 words

The process of claim 53 wherein the organic anion is stearate.

Claim 59

Dependent Claim 249 words

A process for preparing an organophilic clay gellant for polyester compositions comprising: (a) preparing a slurry of smectite-type clay having a cation exchange capacity of at least 75 milliequivalents per 100 grams of clay wherein the slurry contains from about 0.5 to about 2.5% by weight of the smectite-type clay; (b) adding to the slurry organic cation containing at least one lineal or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having 12 to 22 carbon atoms, at least one lineal or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and at least one aralkyl group having lineal or branched 1 to 12 carbons in the alkyl portion, said organic cation being in an amount ranging from about 90 to about 150% of the cation exchange capacity of the smectite-type clay and organic anion having a pKa less than about 11.0 in an amount such that the milliequivalent ratio of the organic cation to the organic anion is in the range of from about 1.7:1.0 to about 28:1.0 whereby at least some of the cation exchange sites of the smectite-type clay are substituted with organic cation and at least some of the organic anion forms a complex with organic cation which is intercalated with the smectite-type clay thereby forming an organophilic clay gellant; (c) separating the organophilic clay gellant from the slurry; and (d) drying the organophilic clay gellant under conditions selected such that the temperature of the wet organophilic clay does not exceed about 50° C.

Claim 60

Dependent Claim 249 words

A process for preparing an organophilic clay gellant for polyester compositions comprising: (a) preparing a slurry of smectite-type clay having a cation exchange capacity of at least 75 milliequivalents per 100 grams of clay wherein the slurry contains from about 0.5 to about 2.5% by weight of the smectite-type clay; (b) adding to the slurry organic cation containing at least one lineal or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having 12 to 22 carbon atoms, at least one lineal or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and at least one aralkyl group having lineal or branched 1 to 12 carbons in the alkyl portion, said organic cation being in an amount ranging from about 90 to about 150% of the cation exchange capacity of the smectite-type clay and organic anion having a pKa less than about 11.0 in an amount such that the milliequivalent ratio of the organic cation to the organic anion is in the range of from about 1.7:1.0 to about 28:1.0 whereby at least some of the cation exchange sites of the smectite-type clay are substituted with organic cation and at least some of the organic anion forms a complex with organic cation which is intercalated with the smectite-type clay thereby forming an organophilic clay gellant; (c) separating the organophilic clay gellant from the slurry; and (d) drying the organophilic clay gellant under conditions selected such that the temperature of the wet organophilic clay does not exceed about 50° C.

Claim 61

Dependent Claim 30 words

The process of claim 55 wherein the slurry is prepared by forming a slurry containing greater than about 3.0% by weight of the smectite-type clay and then diluting the slurry.

Claim 62

Dependent Claim 21 words

The process of claim 56 wherein the slurry contains from about 0.50 to about 2.0% by weight of the smectitetype clay.

Claim 63

Dependent Claim 21 words

The process of claim 55 wherein the smectite-type clay is selected from the group consisting of bentonite, hectorite and mixtures thereof.

Claim 64

Dependent Claim 33 words

The process of claim 55 wherein the smectite-type clay is reacted with organic cation in an amount ranging from about 100 to about 130% of the cation exchange capacity of the smectite-type clay.

Claim 65

Dependent Claim 13 words

The process of claim 55 wherein the organic cation contains a benzyl group.

Claim 66

Dependent Claim 19 words

The process of claim 60 wherein the organic cation is ammonium and further contains at least one methyl group.

Claim 67

Dependent Claim 15 words

The process of claim 61 wherein the organic cation is benzyl dimethyl hydrogenated tallow ammonium

Claim 68

Dependent Claim 29 words

The process of claim 55 wherein the organic anion is derived from at least one member selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids and alkyl sulfates.

Claim 69

Dependent Claim 22 words

The process of claim 63 wherein the organic anion is selected from the group consisting of stearate, lauryl sulfate and mixtures thereof.

Claim 70

Dependent Claim 11 words

The process of claim 64 wherein the organic anion is stearate.

Claim 71

Dependent Claim 274 words

A process for preparing an organophilic clay gellant for polyester compositions comprising: (a) subjecting a slurry of smcctite-type clay having a cation exchange capacity of at least 75 milliequivalents per 100 grams of clay to high shear conditions whereby clay agglomerates are separated, said smectite-type clay having been previously treated to remove non-clay impurities; (b) diluting the sheared slurry such that the slurry contains from about 0.5 to about 2.5% by weight of the smectitetype clay; (c) adding to the slurry organic cation containing at least one lineal or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having 12 to 22 carbon atoms, at least one lineal or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and at least one aralkyl group having lineal or branched 1 to 12 carbons in the alkyl portion, said organic cation being in an amount ranging from about 90 to about 150% of the cation exchange capacity of the smectite-clay and organic anion having a pKa less than about 11.0 in an amount such that the milliequivalent ratio of the organic cation tothe organic anion is in the range of from about 1.7:1.0 to about 28:1.0 whereby at least some of the cation exchange sites of the smectite-type clay are substituted with organic cation and at least some of the organic anion forms a complex with organic cation which is intercalated with the smectite-type clay thereby forming an organophilic clay gellant; (d) separating the organophilic clay gellant from the slurry; and (d) drying the organophilic clay gellant under conditions selected such that the temperature of the wet organophilic clay gellant does not exceed about 50° C.

Claim 72

Dependent Claim 274 words

A process for preparing an organophilic clay gellant for polyester compositions comprising: (a) subjecting a slurry of smcctite-type clay having a cation exchange capacity of at least 75 milliequivalents per 100 grams of clay to high shear conditions whereby clay agglomerates are separated, said smectite-type clay having been previously treated to remove non-clay impurities; (b) diluting the sheared slurry such that the slurry contains from about 0.5 to about 2.5% by weight of the smectitetype clay; (c) adding to the slurry organic cation containing at least one lineal or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having 12 to 22 carbon atoms, at least one lineal or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and at least one aralkyl group having lineal or branched 1 to 12 carbons in the alkyl portion, said organic cation being in an amount ranging from about 90 to about 150% of the cation exchange capacity of the smectite-clay and organic anion having a pKa less than about 11.0 in an amount such that the milliequivalent ratio of the organic cation tothe organic anion is in the range of from about 1.7:1.0 to about 28:1.0 whereby at least some of the cation exchange sites of the smectite-type clay are substituted with organic cation and at least some of the organic anion forms a complex with organic cation which is intercalated with the smectite-type clay thereby forming an organophilic clay gellant; (d) separating the organophilic clay gellant from the slurry; and (d) drying the organophilic clay gellant under conditions selected such that the temperature of the wet organophilic clay gellant does not exceed about 50° C.

Claim 73

Dependent Claim 21 words

The process of claim 66 wherein the smectite-type clay is selected from the group consisting of bentonite, hectorite amd mixtures thereof.

Claim 74

Dependent Claim 21 words

The process of claim 66 wherein the slurry contains from about 0.5 to about 2.0% by weight of the smectite-type clay.

Claim 75

Dependent Claim 34 words

The process of claim 66 wherein the sheared clay exhibits an increase in capacity of from about 10 to about 50% as determined by the methylene blue spot test when compared to unsheared clay.

Claim 76

Dependent Claim 28 words

The process of claim 66 wherein the sheared clay exhibits a reduction in median particle size of from about 10 to about 80% when compared to unsheared clay.

Claim 77

Dependent Claim 33 words

The process of claim 66 wherein the high shear conditions are achieved by passing the slurry at least one time through a Manton-Gaulin homogenizer operating at from about 500 to about 8,000 psi.

Claim 78

Dependent Claim 13 words

The process of claim 66 wherein the organic cation contains a benzyl group.

Claim 79

Dependent Claim 19 words

The process of claim 72 wherein the organic cation is ammonium and further contains at least one methyl group.

Claim 80

Dependent Claim 15 words

The process of claim 73 wherein the organic cation is benzyl dimethyl hydrogenated tallow ammonium

Claim 81

Dependent Claim 29 words

The process of claim 74 wherein the organic anion is derived from at least one member selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids and alkyl sulfates.

Claim 82

Dependent Claim 22 words

The process of claim 75 wherein the organic anion is selected from the group consisting of stearate, lauryl sulfate and mixtures thereof.

Claim 83

Dependent Claim 11 words

The process of claim 76 wherein the organic anion is stearate.

Claim 84

Dependent Claim 29 words

The process of claim 66 wherein the organophilic clay gellant is dried in an airstream having a temperature in the range of from about 25° to about 50° C.

Claim 85

Dependent Claim 30 words

The process of claim 66 wherein the organophilic clay gellant is dried in a fluidized bed having a temperature in the range of from about 25° to about 125° C.

Claim 86

Dependent Claim 15 words

The process of claim 66 wherein the organophilic clay gellant is dried by freeze drying.

Claim 87

Dependent Claim 202 words

An organophilic clay gellant for polyester compositions comprising the reaction product of: (a) a smectite-type clay having a cation exchange capacity of at least 75 milliequivalents per 100 grams of clay; (b) organic cation containing at least one lineal or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having 12 to 22 carbon atoms, at least one lineal or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and at least one aralkyl group having lineal or branched 1 to 12 carbons in the alkyl portion, said organic cation being in an amount ranging from about 100 to about 130% of the cation exchange capacity of the clay; and (c) organic anion having a pKa less than about 11.0 in an amount such that the milliequivalent ratio of the organic cation to the organic anion is in the range of from about 4.0:1.0 to about 6.0:1.0 whereby at least some of the cation exchange sites of the smectite-type clay are substituted with organic cation and at least some of the organic anion forms a complex with the organic cation which is intercalated with the smectite-type clay, wherein the organophilic clay gellant is capable of being directly added into the polyester composition.

Claim 88

Dependent Claim 202 words

An organophilic clay gellant for polyester compositions comprising the reaction product of: (a) a smectite-type clay having a cation exchange capacity of at least 75 milliequivalents per 100 grams of clay; (b) organic cation containing at least one lineal or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having 12 to 22 carbon atoms, at least one lineal or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and at least one aralkyl group having lineal or branched 1 to 12 carbons in the alkyl portion, said organic cation being in an amount ranging from about 100 to about 130% of the cation exchange capacity of the clay; and (c) organic anion having a pKa less than about 11.0 in an amount such that the milliequivalent ratio of the organic cation to the organic anion is in the range of from about 4.0:1.0 to about 6.0:1.0 whereby at least some of the cation exchange sites of the smectite-type clay are substituted with organic cation and at least some of the organic anion forms a complex with the organic cation which is intercalated with the smectite-type clay, wherein the organophilic clay gellant is capable of being directly added into the polyester composition.

Claim 89

Dependent Claim 13 words

The organophilic clay gellant of claim 81 wherein the organic cation is ammonium.

Claim 90

Dependent Claim 15 words

The organophilic clay gellant of claim 82 wherein the organic cation contains a benzyl group.

Claim 91

Dependent Claim 17 words

The organophilic clay gellant of claim 83 wherein the organic cation is benzyl dimethyl hydrogenated tallow ammonium.

Claim 92

Dependent Claim 24 words

The organophilic clay gellant of claim 84 wherein the organic anion is selected from the group consisting of stearate, lauryl sulfate and mixtures thereof.

Claim 93

Dependent Claim 13 words

The organophilic clay gellant of claim 85 wherein the organic anion is stearate.

Claim 94

Dependent Claim 13 words

The organophilic clay gellant of claim 86 wherein the smectite-type clay is bentonite.

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	1990-09-21	1991-03-23	1991-09-22	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	1994-09-21	1995-03-23	1995-09-22	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	1998-09-21	1999-03-23	1999-09-22	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Organophilic clay gellants and process for preparation

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