US4645715A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Coating composition and method
Assignee: ENERGY CONVERSION DEICES, INC. A CORP. OF DE
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Filing: 1982-03-17
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Granted: 1987-02-24
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Expires: 2002-03-17
Abstract
Abstract Coatings and methods for forming same are provided. Generally, the coatings are wear resistant disordered coatings of at least one nonmetallic element and a transition metal that are deposited on an article surface, such as a tool surface or other surface that is subjected to wear or friction. The resulting tools generally exhibit increased life with excellent lubricity thereby improving the surface finish of workpieces machined therewith. Adherence coatings are provided for achieving improved adherence of the wear resistant coating to the substrate.
Inventors
- 👤 Stanford R. Ovshinsky
- 👤 John E. Keem
- 👤 James D. Flasck
- 👤 Richard C. Bergeron
- 👤 John E. Tyler
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-02 17:13
CPC Classifications
C; C23; C23C; C23C28/00; C23C28/04; C23C28/046; B; B23; B23F; B23F21/00; B23F21/28; C23C14/00; C23C14/06; C23C30/00; C23C30/005
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 33
Claim 1
Independent Claim
56 words
A wear resistant coating formed on a substrate comprising a wear resistant layer of disordered material consisting of at least one transition metal selected from the group consisting of hafnium, niobium, molybdenum, scandium, tantalum, titanium, vanadium, yttrium, and zirconium, and at least one nonmetallic element selected from the group consisting of boron, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
56 words
A wear resistant coating formed on a substrate comprising a wear resistant layer of disordered material consisting of at least one transition metal selected from the group consisting of hafnium, niobium, molybdenum, scandium, tantalum, titanium, vanadium, yttrium, and zirconium, and at least one nonmetallic element selected from the group consisting of boron, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
26 words
A coating as recited in claim 1 wherein said at least one transition metal is selected from the group consisting of yttrium, zirconium, molybdenum and tungsten.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
43 words
A coating as recited in claim 1 wherein said at least one transition metal is molybdenum and said at least one nonmetallic element is boron, the coating having the composition Mo x B 1-x where x is less than or equal to 0.5.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
14 words
A coating as recited in claim 1 wherein the coating is formed by sputtering.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
37 words
A coating formed on a substrate comprising a wear resistant disordered layer consisting of boron and at least one transition metal selected from the group consisting of hafnium, niobium, molybdenum, scandium, tantalum, titanium, vanadium, yttrium and zirconium.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
37 words
A coating formed on a substrate comprising a wear resistant disordered layer consisting of boron and at least one transition metal selected from the group consisting of hafnium, niobium, molybdenum, scandium, tantalum, titanium, vanadium, yttrium and zirconium.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
22 words
A coating as recited in claim 5 wherein said coating of boron and a metal is formed on a substrate by sputtering.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
21 words
A coating as recited in claim 6 wherein said sputtering is rf diode sputtering, rf magnetron sputtering or dc magnetron sputtering.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
18 words
A coating as recited in claim 7 wherein a bias potential is applied to the substrate during sputtering.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
51 words
A coating as recited in claim 5 wherein said wear resistant coating is of a composition M x B 1-x where x is less than about 0.5M, is said at least one transition metal and is selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, yttriumm, zirconium and tungsten and B is boron.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
14 words
A coating as recited in claim 5 wherein the coating is MoB 2 .
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
25 words
A coating as recited in claim 5 wherein the coating is Mo x B 1-x where x is less than or equal to about 0.5.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
19 words
A coating as recited in claim 6 wherein the substrate temperature during sputtering is less than about 200° C.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
75 words
A coating as recited in claim 5 further comprising an adherence coating different from said wear resistant coating, between the substrate and said wear resistant coating, for improving adherence of the wear resistant coating, said adherence coating comprising at least one nonmetallic element selected from the group consisting of boron, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen and at least one transition metal which readily forms a multiplicity of stoichiometric compounds with said at least one nonmetallic element.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
30 words
A coating as recited in claim 13 wherein said at least one transition metal present in said adherence coating is selected from the group consisting of titanium, vanadium and iron.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
29 words
A coating as recited in claim 13 wherein the composition of said adherence coating is Ti 1-x O x , where x is from about 0.5 to about 0.66.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
71 words
A tool comprising: (a) a substrate; and (b) a wear resistant coating comprising a wear resistant layer of disordered material coating covering at least a portion of said substrate said layer consisting of at least one nonmetallic element selected from the group consisting of boron, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen and at least one transition metal selected from the group consisting of scandium, titanium, vanadium, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, hafnium and tantalum.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
71 words
A tool comprising: (a) a substrate; and (b) a wear resistant coating comprising a wear resistant layer of disordered material coating covering at least a portion of said substrate said layer consisting of at least one nonmetallic element selected from the group consisting of boron, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen and at least one transition metal selected from the group consisting of scandium, titanium, vanadium, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, hafnium and tantalum.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
26 words
A tool as recited in claim 16 wherein said at least one transition metal is selected from the group consisting of yttrium, zirconium, molybdenum and tungsten.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
16 words
A tool as recited in claim 16 wherein said wear resistant coating is formed by sputtering.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
21 words
A tool as recited in claim 18 wherein said sputtering is rf diode sputtering, rf magnetron sputtering or dc magnetron sputtering.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
45 words
A tool as recited in claims 16 or 18 wherein said nonmetallic element is boron and said wear resistant coating is of the composition M x B 1-x where x is less than or equal to about 0.5M, represents said metal and B is boron.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
18 words
A tool as recited in claims 16 or 18 wherein said wear resistant coating is MoB 2 .
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
14 words
A coating as recited in claim 18 wherein said disordered material is substantially amorphous.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
29 words
A tool as recited in claims 16 or 18 wherein said wear resistant coating is Mo x B 1-x where x is less than or equal to about 0.5.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
19 words
A tool as recited in claim 18 wherein the substrate temperature during sputtering is less than about 200° C.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
80 words
A tool as recited in claim 16 further comprising an adherence coating, different from said wear resistant coating, between the substrate and the wear resistant disordered coating for improving adherence of the wear resistant disordered coating to the substrate said adherence coating comprising at least one nonmetallic element selected from the group consisting of boron, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen and at least one transition metal which readily forms a multiplicity of stoichiometric compounds with said at least one nonmetallic element.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
24 words
A tool as recited in claim 25 wherein said adherence coating transition metal is selected from the group consisting of titanium, vanadium, and iron.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
37 words
A tool as recited in claim 25 wherein said adherence coating transition metal is titanium and the composition of said adherence coating is Ti 1-x O x , where x is from about 0.5 to about 0.66.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
14 words
A coating as recited in claim 27 wherein said disordered material is substantially amorphous.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
82 words
A tool as recited in claim 16 further comprising an adherence coating, different from said wear resistant coating, between the substrate and the wear resistant coating for improving adherence of the wear resistant coating to the substrate, said adherence coating comprising at least one nonmetallic element selected from the group consisting of boron, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen and at least one transition metal which forms a wide range of non-stoichiometric compounds with said at least one nonmetallic element having the same structure.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
20 words
A tool as recited in claim 25 wherein said adherence coating is formed by sputtering in an oxygen containing atmosphere.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1990-02-23 | 1990-08-25 | 1991-02-24 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1994-02-23 | 1994-08-25 | 1995-02-24 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1998-02-23 | 1998-08-25 | 1999-02-24 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |