US3915757A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Ion plating method and product therefrom
Assignee: Individual
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Filing: 1972-08-09
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Granted: 1975-10-28
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Expires: 1992-08-09
Abstract
Abstract An ion plating method and product therefrom wherein ions of a metal are implanted into or/and plated onto a substrate to increase the hardness of the surface. After plating, the product can be reacted with carbon, boron, nitrogen or another metal, thereby forming the carbide, boride, nitride or metal compound of the plating metal coating. Hardening of the product by quenching follows which produces a cutting tool of superior qualities.
Inventors
- 👤 Niels N Engel
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-24 15:13
CPC Classifications
C; C23; C23C; C23C14/00; C23C14/06; C23C14/14; C23C14/16; C21; C21D; C21D1/00; C21D1/06; C21D1/09; C23C12/00; C23C14/22; C23C14/48; C23C14/58; C23C14/5806; C23C14/582; C23C14/5826; C23C14/5833; C23C14/5846
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 19
Claim 1
Independent Claim
171 words
A METHOD OF PRODUCING A COATING ON A SUBSTRATE COMPRISING THE STEPS OF: A. BOMBARDING A SURFACE OF THE SUBSTRATE WITH IONS OF A METAL SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF SCANDIUM, TITANIUM, ZIRCONIUM, HAFNIUM, VANADIUM, COLUMBIUM, TANTALUM, CHROMIUM, MOLYBDENUM, TUNGSTEN, LANTHANUM, CERIUM, PRASEODYMIUM, NEODYMIUM, PROMETHIUM, SAMARIUM, EUROPIUM, GADOLINIUM, TERBIRUM, DRYSPROSIUM, HOLMIUM, ERBIUM, THULIUM, YTTRIUM, YTTERBIUM, LUTETIUM, ACTINIUM, THORIUM, PROTACTINIUM, URANIUM, NEPTUNIUM, PLUTONIUM, AMERICIUM, CURIUM, BERKELIUM, CALIFORNIUM, EINSTEINIUM, FERMIUM, MEMDELEVIUM, NOBELIUM, LAWRENCIUM, IRON, COBALT, NICKEL, AND BORON TO IMPLANT SAID IONS TO A PRESELECTED PENETRATION DEPTH WITHIN SUBSTRATE, B. CONTINUING THE BOMBARDMENT UNTIL SAID SUBSTRATE HAS BECOME SATURATED WITH SAID IONS WITHIN SAID PRESELECTED PENETRATION DEPTH, C. FURTHER CONTINUING SAID BOMBARDMENT TO CAUSE SAID IONS TO PLATE THE SURFACE OF SAID SUBSTRATE, AND D. REACTING SAID ION PLATED SUBSTRATE WITH AN ELEMENT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF CARBON, BORON, NITROGEN AND A SELECTED ONE OF SAID METALS OTHER THAN THE IMPLANTED METAL, SO AS TO FORM THE CARBIDE, BORIDE, NITRIDE OR METAL COMPOUND OF THE RESPECTIVE METAL ON SAID SUBSTRATE.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
171 words
A METHOD OF PRODUCING A COATING ON A SUBSTRATE COMPRISING THE STEPS OF: A. BOMBARDING A SURFACE OF THE SUBSTRATE WITH IONS OF A METAL SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF SCANDIUM, TITANIUM, ZIRCONIUM, HAFNIUM, VANADIUM, COLUMBIUM, TANTALUM, CHROMIUM, MOLYBDENUM, TUNGSTEN, LANTHANUM, CERIUM, PRASEODYMIUM, NEODYMIUM, PROMETHIUM, SAMARIUM, EUROPIUM, GADOLINIUM, TERBIRUM, DRYSPROSIUM, HOLMIUM, ERBIUM, THULIUM, YTTRIUM, YTTERBIUM, LUTETIUM, ACTINIUM, THORIUM, PROTACTINIUM, URANIUM, NEPTUNIUM, PLUTONIUM, AMERICIUM, CURIUM, BERKELIUM, CALIFORNIUM, EINSTEINIUM, FERMIUM, MEMDELEVIUM, NOBELIUM, LAWRENCIUM, IRON, COBALT, NICKEL, AND BORON TO IMPLANT SAID IONS TO A PRESELECTED PENETRATION DEPTH WITHIN SUBSTRATE, B. CONTINUING THE BOMBARDMENT UNTIL SAID SUBSTRATE HAS BECOME SATURATED WITH SAID IONS WITHIN SAID PRESELECTED PENETRATION DEPTH, C. FURTHER CONTINUING SAID BOMBARDMENT TO CAUSE SAID IONS TO PLATE THE SURFACE OF SAID SUBSTRATE, AND D. REACTING SAID ION PLATED SUBSTRATE WITH AN ELEMENT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF CARBON, BORON, NITROGEN AND A SELECTED ONE OF SAID METALS OTHER THAN THE IMPLANTED METAL, SO AS TO FORM THE CARBIDE, BORIDE, NITRIDE OR METAL COMPOUND OF THE RESPECTIVE METAL ON SAID SUBSTRATE.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method as claimed in claim 1 including the step of cleaning the surface of said substrate prior to step (a).
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
33 words
A method as claimed in claim 2 including after step d, the steps of heating said substrate to the austenite range of the substrate and cooling it with a super critical cooling velocity.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
15 words
A method as claimed in claim 3 wherein said substrate is a carbon containing steel.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
24 words
A method as claimed in claim 4 wherein said carbon containing steel substrate has a carbon content ranging from 0.3 to 1.8% by weight.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
24 words
A method as claimed in claim 5 wherein the preferred amount of carbon in said steel substrate ranges from 0.5 to 0.8% by weight.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
13 words
A substrate treated in accordance with claim 6 to produce a coating thereon.
Claim 9
Independent Claim
92 words
A method of producing a coated body, comprising the steps of: a. bombarding a substrate with a metal in ionic condition with which such substrate is reactive and at a sufficient velocity for the metallic ions to penetrate into said substrate; b. continuing the bombardment of said substrate with said metal for a sufficient length of time to produce a coating of said metal over the surface of the implanted metal of said substrate; and c. reacting the coating on the surface with a substance which imparts greater hardness to the coating.
Claim 10
Independent Claim
92 words
A method of producing a coated body, comprising the steps of: a. bombarding a substrate with a metal in ionic condition with which such substrate is reactive and at a sufficient velocity for the metallic ions to penetrate into said substrate; b. continuing the bombardment of said substrate with said metal for a sufficient length of time to produce a coating of said metal over the surface of the implanted metal of said substrate; and c. reacting the coating on the surface with a substance which imparts greater hardness to the coating.
Claim 11
Independent Claim
116 words
A method of producing a coated body, comprising the steps of: a. bombarding a substrate with a metal in ionic condition with which such substrate is reactive and at a sufficient velocity for the metallic ions to penetrate into said substrate; b. continuing the bombardment of said substrate with said metal for a sufficient length of time to produce a coating of said metal over the surface of the implanted metal of said substrate; and c. hardening the resulting coated substrate by reacting the coating with a hardening chemical selected from the group consisting of carbon, boron, nitrogen and a selected one of the metals with which said coat is reactive other than said bombarding metal.
Claim 12
Independent Claim
116 words
A method of producing a coated body, comprising the steps of: a. bombarding a substrate with a metal in ionic condition with which such substrate is reactive and at a sufficient velocity for the metallic ions to penetrate into said substrate; b. continuing the bombardment of said substrate with said metal for a sufficient length of time to produce a coating of said metal over the surface of the implanted metal of said substrate; and c. hardening the resulting coated substrate by reacting the coating with a hardening chemical selected from the group consisting of carbon, boron, nitrogen and a selected one of the metals with which said coat is reactive other than said bombarding metal.
Claim 13
Independent Claim
96 words
A method of producing a coated body, comprising the steps of: a. bombarding a steel substrate with a metal in ionic condition with which such substrate is reactive and at a sufficient velocity for the metallic ions to penetrate into said substrate; b. continuing the bombardment of said substrate with said metal for a sufficient length of time to produce a coating of said metal over the surface of the implanted metal of said substrate; and c. heating said substrate to the austenite range of the substrate and cooling it with a super critical cooling velocity.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
96 words
A method of producing a coated body, comprising the steps of: a. bombarding a steel substrate with a metal in ionic condition with which such substrate is reactive and at a sufficient velocity for the metallic ions to penetrate into said substrate; b. continuing the bombardment of said substrate with said metal for a sufficient length of time to produce a coating of said metal over the surface of the implanted metal of said substrate; and c. heating said substrate to the austenite range of the substrate and cooling it with a super critical cooling velocity.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method defined in claim 10 wherein said steel substrate is bombarded with a noble gas to clean its surface, prior to step (a).
Claim 16
Independent Claim
155 words
A method of producing a coating on a steel substrate, comprising the steps of: a. bombarding a surface of the substrate with ions of a metal selected from the group consisting of scandium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, columbium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, drysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, yttrium, ytterbium, lutetium, actinium, thorium, protactinium, uranium, neptunium, plutonium, americium, curium, berkelium, californium, einsteinium, fermium, memdelevium, nobelium, lawrencium, iron, cobalt, nickel, and boron to implant said ions to a penetration depth within the substrate; b. continuing said bombardment until said substrate does not accept addition of said ions; c. further continuing said bombardment to cause said ions to coat the surface of said substrate; and d. reacting the coat with a hardening chemical selected from the group consisting of carbon, boron, nitrogen and a selected one of the metals with which said coat is reactive other than said bombarding metal.
Claim 17
Independent Claim
155 words
A method of producing a coating on a steel substrate, comprising the steps of: a. bombarding a surface of the substrate with ions of a metal selected from the group consisting of scandium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, columbium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, drysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, yttrium, ytterbium, lutetium, actinium, thorium, protactinium, uranium, neptunium, plutonium, americium, curium, berkelium, californium, einsteinium, fermium, memdelevium, nobelium, lawrencium, iron, cobalt, nickel, and boron to implant said ions to a penetration depth within the substrate; b. continuing said bombardment until said substrate does not accept addition of said ions; c. further continuing said bombardment to cause said ions to coat the surface of said substrate; and d. reacting the coat with a hardening chemical selected from the group consisting of carbon, boron, nitrogen and a selected one of the metals with which said coat is reactive other than said bombarding metal.
Claim 18
Independent Claim
170 words
A method of producing a coating on a substrate, comprising the steps of: a. subjecting a surface of the substrate to ions of a metal selected from the group consisting of scandium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, columbium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, drysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, yttrium, ytterbium, lutetium, actinium, thorium, protactinium, uranium, neptunium, plutonium, americium, curium, berkelium, californium, einsteinium, fermium, memdelevium, nobelium, lawrencium, iron, cobalt, nickel and boron in a manner to implant said ions to a depth within the substrate; b. continuing the subjection until said substrate will accept no more of said ions within said depth; c. further continuing said implantation to cause said ions to cover the surface of said substrate; and d. reacting said ion implanted substrate with an element selected from the group consisting of carbon, boron, nitrogen and a selected one of said metals other than the implanted metal so as to form the carbide, boride, nitride or metal compound of the respective plated metal.
Claim 19
Independent Claim
170 words
A method of producing a coating on a substrate, comprising the steps of: a. subjecting a surface of the substrate to ions of a metal selected from the group consisting of scandium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, columbium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, drysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, yttrium, ytterbium, lutetium, actinium, thorium, protactinium, uranium, neptunium, plutonium, americium, curium, berkelium, californium, einsteinium, fermium, memdelevium, nobelium, lawrencium, iron, cobalt, nickel and boron in a manner to implant said ions to a depth within the substrate; b. continuing the subjection until said substrate will accept no more of said ions within said depth; c. further continuing said implantation to cause said ions to cover the surface of said substrate; and d. reacting said ion implanted substrate with an element selected from the group consisting of carbon, boron, nitrogen and a selected one of said metals other than the implanted metal so as to form the carbide, boride, nitride or metal compound of the respective plated metal.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1978-10-27 | 1979-04-28 | 1979-10-28 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1982-10-27 | 1983-04-28 | 1983-10-28 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1986-10-27 | 1987-04-28 | 1987-10-28 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |