Patent US4514698A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4514698A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Chemical laser pump including cryogenic and condensing means
Assignee: Northrop Grumman Space and Mission Systems Corp
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Filing: 1980-04-11
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Granted: 1985-04-30
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Expires: 2000-04-11
Abstract
Abstract A chemical laser including a laser pump which is relatively lightweight with no moving parts is provided. This produces a low pressure, regenerable, closed system for treating laser cavity exhaust gases to remove (i.e., pump) them from the system. The exhaust gases which emerge from the laser cavity of the chemical laser are pumped by a combination of condensation, cryogenic adsorption, and by reaction preferably with titanium, titanium-zirconium alloys, zirconium, tantalum, etc. These exhaust gases include hydrogen, deuterium and their halides, the halogens, oxygen, CO 2 , nitrogen and H 2 O. This obviates the requirements for heavy equipment normally employed to produce a high vacuum in the laser cavity.
Inventors
- 👤 Jack L. Blumenthal
- 👤 John R. Ogren
- 👤 Eugene V. Rutkowski
- 👤 Marvin Appel
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-25 14:29
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01S; H01S3/00; H01S3/09; H01S3/095; H01S3/0951; H01S3/0953
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 14
Claim 1
Independent Claim
149 words
A chemical laser including a laser cavity, an exhaust, a pump for removing exhaust gases from the laser cavity at a rate and sufficiently low pressure to sustain lasing action and provide a closed system, the pump including a metal selected from the class consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, yttrium, scandium, elements 57-71 of the periodic table, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, beryllium, palladium, magnesium, strontium, calcium, barium, boron, gallium and mixtures and alloys thereof; the exhaust gases being selected from the class consisting of hydrogen, deuterium and their halides, the halogens, nitrogen, CO 2 , oxygen and water vapor; cryogenic adsorption means to remove nitrogen and CO 2 ; and condensing means to remove the halides of hydrogen and deuterium and water vapor; the metal of said pump being adapted to react with oxygen, hydrogen, deuterium and the halogens to form solid reaction products therewith.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
149 words
A chemical laser including a laser cavity, an exhaust, a pump for removing exhaust gases from the laser cavity at a rate and sufficiently low pressure to sustain lasing action and provide a closed system, the pump including a metal selected from the class consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, yttrium, scandium, elements 57-71 of the periodic table, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, beryllium, palladium, magnesium, strontium, calcium, barium, boron, gallium and mixtures and alloys thereof; the exhaust gases being selected from the class consisting of hydrogen, deuterium and their halides, the halogens, nitrogen, CO 2 , oxygen and water vapor; cryogenic adsorption means to remove nitrogen and CO 2 ; and condensing means to remove the halides of hydrogen and deuterium and water vapor; the metal of said pump being adapted to react with oxygen, hydrogen, deuterium and the halogens to form solid reaction products therewith.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
13 words
The chemical laser of claim 1 in which the pump includes a reactor.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
123 words
A chemical laser including a laser cavity, an exhaust, a pump for removing exhaust gases from the laser cavity at a rate and sufficiently low pressure to sustain lasing action and provide a closed system, the pump comprising a metal selected from the class consisting of titanium, zirconium and mixtures and alloys thereof, the exhaust gases selected from the class consisting of hydrogen, deuterium and their halides, the halogens, nitrogen, CO 2 , oxygen and water vapor; cryogenic adsorption means to remove nitrogen and CO 2 ; and condensing means to remove the halides of hydrogen and deuterium and water vapor; the metal of said pump being adapted to react with oxygen, hydrogen, deuterium and the halogens to form solid reaction products therewith.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
123 words
A chemical laser including a laser cavity, an exhaust, a pump for removing exhaust gases from the laser cavity at a rate and sufficiently low pressure to sustain lasing action and provide a closed system, the pump comprising a metal selected from the class consisting of titanium, zirconium and mixtures and alloys thereof, the exhaust gases selected from the class consisting of hydrogen, deuterium and their halides, the halogens, nitrogen, CO 2 , oxygen and water vapor; cryogenic adsorption means to remove nitrogen and CO 2 ; and condensing means to remove the halides of hydrogen and deuterium and water vapor; the metal of said pump being adapted to react with oxygen, hydrogen, deuterium and the halogens to form solid reaction products therewith.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
13 words
The chemical laser of claim 3 in which the pump includes a reactor.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
102 words
A process for pumping a chemical laser comprising, reacting oxygen, the halogens, hydrogen and deuterium exhaust gases with a metal selected from the class consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, yttrium, scandium, elements 57-71 of the periodic table, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, beryllium, palladium, magnesium, strontium, calcium, barium, boron, gallium and mixtures and alloys thereof to form solid reaction products therewith; cryogenically adsorbing nitrogen and CO 2 ; condensing water vapor and the halides of hydrogen and deuterium; and the pumping process occuring at a rate and sufficiently low pressure to sustain lasing action and provide a closed system.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
102 words
A process for pumping a chemical laser comprising, reacting oxygen, the halogens, hydrogen and deuterium exhaust gases with a metal selected from the class consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, yttrium, scandium, elements 57-71 of the periodic table, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, beryllium, palladium, magnesium, strontium, calcium, barium, boron, gallium and mixtures and alloys thereof to form solid reaction products therewith; cryogenically adsorbing nitrogen and CO 2 ; condensing water vapor and the halides of hydrogen and deuterium; and the pumping process occuring at a rate and sufficiently low pressure to sustain lasing action and provide a closed system.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
77 words
A process for pumping a chemical laser comprising reacting hydrogen, oxygen, the halogens and deuterium exhaust gases with a metal selected from the class consisting of calcium, titanium, zirconium and mixtures and alloys thereof to form solid reaction products therewith; cryogenically adsorbing nitrogen and CO 2 ; condensing water vapor and the halides of hydrogen and deuterium; and the reaction occuring at a rate and sufficiently low pressure to sustain lasing action and provide a closed system.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
77 words
A process for pumping a chemical laser comprising reacting hydrogen, oxygen, the halogens and deuterium exhaust gases with a metal selected from the class consisting of calcium, titanium, zirconium and mixtures and alloys thereof to form solid reaction products therewith; cryogenically adsorbing nitrogen and CO 2 ; condensing water vapor and the halides of hydrogen and deuterium; and the reaction occuring at a rate and sufficiently low pressure to sustain lasing action and provide a closed system.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
147 words
A process for operating a chemical laser comprising: transmitting lasing reactants including flourine forming compounds in a carrier gas into a combustion region; combining the reactants in the combustor to form atomic fluorine and byproduct gasses; passing the atomic fluorine and by product gases into a laser cavity to produce lasing action; pumping oxygen, deuterium, hydrogen and halogen exhaust gases by reaction with a metal selected from the class consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, yttrium, scandium, elements 57-71 of the periodic table, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, beryllium, palladium, magnesium, strontium, calcium, barium, boron, gallium and mixtures and alloys thereof to form solid reaction products therewith; cryogenically adsorbing nitrogen and CO 2 ; condensing water vapor and the halides of hydrogen and deuterium; and the pumping process occuring at a rate and sufficiently low pressure to sustain lasing action and provide a closed system.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
147 words
A process for operating a chemical laser comprising: transmitting lasing reactants including flourine forming compounds in a carrier gas into a combustion region; combining the reactants in the combustor to form atomic fluorine and byproduct gasses; passing the atomic fluorine and by product gases into a laser cavity to produce lasing action; pumping oxygen, deuterium, hydrogen and halogen exhaust gases by reaction with a metal selected from the class consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, yttrium, scandium, elements 57-71 of the periodic table, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, beryllium, palladium, magnesium, strontium, calcium, barium, boron, gallium and mixtures and alloys thereof to form solid reaction products therewith; cryogenically adsorbing nitrogen and CO 2 ; condensing water vapor and the halides of hydrogen and deuterium; and the pumping process occuring at a rate and sufficiently low pressure to sustain lasing action and provide a closed system.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
121 words
A process for operating a chemical laser comprising: transmitting lasing reactants including fluorine forming compounds in a carrier diluent gas into a combustion region; combining the reactants in the combustor to form atomic fluorine and by product gasses; passing the atomic fluorine into a laser cavity to produce lasing action; pumping oxygen, deuterium, hydrogen and halogen exhaust gases by reaction with a metal selected from the class consisting of calcium, titanium, zirconium and mixtures and alloys thereof to form solid reaction products therewith; cryogenically absorbing nitrogen and CO 2 ; condensing water vapor and the halides of hydrogen and deuterium; and the pumping process occuring at a rate and sufficiently low pressure to sustain lasing action and provide a closed system.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
121 words
A process for operating a chemical laser comprising: transmitting lasing reactants including fluorine forming compounds in a carrier diluent gas into a combustion region; combining the reactants in the combustor to form atomic fluorine and by product gasses; passing the atomic fluorine into a laser cavity to produce lasing action; pumping oxygen, deuterium, hydrogen and halogen exhaust gases by reaction with a metal selected from the class consisting of calcium, titanium, zirconium and mixtures and alloys thereof to form solid reaction products therewith; cryogenically absorbing nitrogen and CO 2 ; condensing water vapor and the halides of hydrogen and deuterium; and the pumping process occuring at a rate and sufficiently low pressure to sustain lasing action and provide a closed system.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1988-04-29 | 1988-10-29 | 1989-04-30 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1992-04-29 | 1992-10-29 | 1993-04-30 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1996-04-29 | 1996-10-29 | 1997-04-30 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |