Polymer/polyisocyanates

Claim 2

In a polymer/polyisocyanate composition which is convertible by reaction with a poly(active hydrogen) organic compound to form a polyurethane product wherein the polyisocyanate of said composition is normally liquid at a temperature at which said composition is converted to said polyurethane product and the polymer of said polymer/polyisocyanate is formed in situ in the polyisocyanate thereof from a polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomer and is essentially insoluble therein, the improvement providing more stable dispersions of small particles of said polymer in the polyisocyanate, comprising, an improved dispersion of said polymer prepared by the in situ polymerization of acrylonitrile or mixtures of acrylonitrile and one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers copolymerizable with acrylonitrile in a liquid polyisocyanate material having a free NCO content of at least 10 wt. % consisting essentially of (1) polymeric forms of a diarylalkylene diisocyanate having the formula: ##STR7## in which R is a trivalent aromatic group and x is a number having an average value of 1.1 to 5, (2) mixtures of a diarylalkylene diisocyanate, a carbodiimide of the formula: OCNR'N═C═NR'NCO and a diarylalkylene diisocyanate trifunctional trimeric cycloadduct of the formula: ##STR8## wherein R' is a divalent arylenealkylenearylene group, or (3) mixtures of polyisocyanates (1) and (2) above, said ethylenically unsaturated monomer(s) in an effective amount improving the affinity of the resulting polymer particles for said polyisocyanate and restricting agglomeration of said polymer particles in said polyisocyanate to provide a dispersion which forms films containing less than 10% seeds, the remaining area being glossy, or 5% seeds, the remaining area being semi-glossy, said percentages being on an area basis.

Claim 3

Composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein said polyisocyanate material consists essentially of (1) polymeric diphenylmethylene diisocyanate having the formula: ##STR9## in which x is a number having an average of 1.1 to 5, (2) a mixture of diphenylmethylene diisocyanate, its carbodiimide having the formula: OCNR"N═C═NR"NCO, and its trifunctional trimeric cycloadduct having the formula: ##STR10## wherein R" is a ##STR11## or (3) mixtures of polyisocyanates (1) and (2) above.

Claim 4

In a polymer/polyisocyanate composition which is convertible by reaction with a poly(active hydrogen) organic compound having two or more active hydrogens to a polyurethane product wherein the polyisocyanate of said composition is normally liquid at the temperature at which said composition is convertible to said polyurethane product and the polymer of said composition is formed in situ in said polyisocyanate thereof from a polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomer and is essentially insoluble therein, the improvement providing more stable dispersions of small particles of said polymer in the polyisocyanate, comprising, an improved dispersion of said polymer prepared by the in situ polymerization of a major amount of acrylonitrile and a minor amount of one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomer(s) polymerizable with acrylonitrile in a liquid organic polyisocyanate material having a free NCO content of at least 10 wt.% and comprising at least about 20 wt. % of (1) polymeric diphenylmethylene diisocyanate having the formula: ##STR12## in which x is a number having an average of 1.1 to 5, (2) a mixture of diphenylmethylene diisocyanate, its carbodiimide having the formula: OCNR"N═C═NR"NCO, and its trifunctional trimeric cycloadduct having the formula: ##STR13## wherein R" is a ##STR14## or (3) mixtures of polyisocyanates (1) and (2) above, convertible by reaction with poly(active hydrogen) organic compound to a polyurethane product, said ethylenically unsaturated monomer(s) in an effective amount improving the affinity of the resulting polymer particles for said polyisocyanate and restricting agglomeration of said polymer particles in said polyisocyanate to provide a dispersion which forms films containing less than 10% seeds, the remaining area being glossy, or 5% seeds, the remaining area being semi-glossy, said percentages being on an area basis.

Claim 5

In a polymer/polyisocyanate composition which is convertible by reaction with a poly(active hydrogen) organic compound having two or more active hydrogens to a polyurethane product wherein the polyisocyanate of said composition is normally liquid at the temperature at which said composition is convertible to said polyurethane product and the polymer of said composition is formed in situ in said polyisocyanate thereof from a polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomer and is essentially insoluble therein, the improvement providing more stable dispersions of small particles of said polymer in the polyisocyanate, comprising, an improved dispersion of said polymer prepared by the in situ polymerization of a major amount of acrylonitrile and a minor amount of one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomer(s) polymerizable with acrylonitrile in a liquid organic polyisocyanate material having a free NCO content of at least 10 wt.% and comprising at least about 20 wt. % of (1) polymeric diphenylmethylene diisocyanate having the formula: ##STR12## in which x is a number having an average of 1.1 to 5, (2) a mixture of diphenylmethylene diisocyanate, its carbodiimide having the formula: OCNR"N═C═NR"NCO, and its trifunctional trimeric cycloadduct having the formula: ##STR13## wherein R" is a ##STR14## or (3) mixtures of polyisocyanates (1) and (2) above, convertible by reaction with poly(active hydrogen) organic compound to a polyurethane product, said ethylenically unsaturated monomer(s) in an effective amount improving the affinity of the resulting polymer particles for said polyisocyanate and restricting agglomeration of said polymer particles in said polyisocyanate to provide a dispersion which forms films containing less than 10% seeds, the remaining area being glossy, or 5% seeds, the remaining area being semi-glossy, said percentages being on an area basis.

Claim 6

Composition as claimed in claim 3 wherein said polyisocyanate is a mixture of 4,4'-diphenylmethylene diisocyanate, its carbodiimide of the formula: OCNR"N═CNR"NCO, and its trifunctional trimeric cycloadduct of the formula: ##STR15## wherein R" is a ##STR16## said mixture having a calculated equivalent weight of about 144 and a free isocyanate content of about 29.2 wt.%.

Claim 7

Composition as claimed in claim 3 wherein said polyisocyanate is a polymeric diphenylmethylene diisocyanate of the formula: ##STR17## wherein x is a number, having a calculated equivalent weight of about 140 and a free isocyanate content of about 30 wt.%.

Claim 8

Composition as claimed in claim 3 wherein said polyisocyanate is a polymeric diphenylmethylene diisocyanate of the formula: ##STR18## wherein x is a number, having a calculated equivalent weight of about 135 and a free isocyanate content of about 31 wt.%.

Claim 9

Composition as claimed in claim 3 wherein said polyisocyanate is a mixture of the polyisocyanate recited in claim 5 and the polyisocyanate recited in claim 6, said mixture having a calculated equivalent weight of about 140 and a free isocyanate content of about 30 wt.%.

Claim 10

Composition as claimed in claim 3 wherein said polyisocyanate comprises at least about 20 wt.% 4,4'-diphenylmethylene diisocyanate and up to about 80 wt.% tolylene diisocyanate.

Claim 11

Composition as claimed in claim 8 wherein said polymer is a copolymer of at least about 94 wt.% acrylonitrile and up to about 6 wt.% of an ethylenically unsaturated copolymer of at least about 94 wt.% methyl methacrylate and not more than about 6 wt.% of allyl acrylate.

Claim 12

Composition as claimed in claim 3 wherein said polymer is a terpolymer of acrylonitrile and two monomers selected from the group consisting of acrylamide, acrylic acid, hydroxyethyl acrylate and hydroxypropyl methacrylate.

Claim 13

Composition as claimed in claim 3 wherein said polymer is a terpolymer of acrylonitrile, acrylamide and a monomer selected from the class consisting of acrylic acid, hydroxyethyl acrylate and hydroxypropyl methacrylate.

Claim 14

Composition as claimed in claim 3 wherein said polymer is a copolymer of acrylonitrile and a monomer selected from the class consisting of acrylamide, vinylidene chloride, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, divinylbenzene, hydroxyethyl acrylate, and hydroxypropyl methacrylate.

Claim 15

Composition as claimed in claim 3 wherein said polymer is a terpolymer of about 89 to about 97 wt.% acrylonitrile, about 2 to about 8 wt.% acrylamide, and about 1 to about 3 wt.% acrylic acid based on the total weight of the three monomers.

Claim 16

Composition as claimed in claim 3 wherein said polymer is a copolymer of about 10 to about 90 wt.% acrylonitrile and about 10 to about 90 wt.% of vinylidene chloride based on the total weight of the two monomers.

Claim 17

Composition as claimed in claim 3 wherein said polymer is a copolymer of about 80 to about 99 wt.% acrylonitrile and about 1 to about 20 wt.% acrylamide based on the total weight of both monomers.

Claim 18

Composition as claimed in claim 3 wherein said polymer is a copolymer of about 85 to about 99.5 wt.% acrylonitrile and about 0.5 to about 15 wt.% acrylic acid based on the total weight of the two monomers.

Claim 19

Composition as claimed in claim 3 wherein said polymer is a copolymer of about 90 to about 99 wt.% acrylonitrile and about 1 to about 10 wt.% methacrylic acid based on the total weight of the two monomers.

Claim 20

Composition as claimed in claim 3 wherein said polymer is a copolymer of about 90 to about 99 wt.% acrylonitrile and about 1 to about 10 wt.% divinylbenzene based on the total weight of the two monomers.

Claim 21

Composition as claimed in claim 3 wherein said polymer is a copolymer of about 98 to about 99.5 wt.% acrylonitrile and about 0.5 to about 2 wt.% hydroxyethyl acrylate based on the total weight of the two monomers.

Claim 22

Composition as claimed in claim 3 wherein said polymer is a copolymer of about 97 to about 99 wt.% of acrylonitrile and about 1 to about 3 wt.% of hydroxypropyl methacrylate based on the total weight of the two monomers.

Claim 23

Compositions as claimed in claim 3 wherein said polymer is a copolymer of about 95 to about 99 wt.% acrylonitrile and about 1 to about 5 wt.% of dodecyl methacrylate based on the total weight of the two monomers.

Claim 24

Composition as claimed in claim 3 wherein said polymer is a terpolymer of about 90 to about 97 wt.% acrylonitrile, about 2 to about 7 wt.% acrylamide, and about 1 to about 3 wt.% hydroxypropyl methacrylate based on the total weight of the three monomers.

Claim 25

Composition as claimed in claim 3 wherein said polymer is a terpolymer of about 91 to about 97.5 wt.% acrylonitrile, about 2 to about 7 wt.% acrylamide and about 0.5 to about 2 wt.% hydroxyethylacrylate based on the total weight of the three monomers.

Claim 26

Composition as claimed in claim 15 wherein said copolymer is a copolymer of about 90 to about 99 wt.% acrylonitrile and about 1 to about 10 wt.% acrylamide based on the total weight of the two monomers.

Claim 27

Composition as claimed in claim 15 wherein said copolymer is a copolymer of about 94 to about 97 wt.% acrylonitrile and about 3 to 6 wt.% acrylamide based on the total weight of the two monomers.

Claim 28

Composition as claimed in claim 16 wherein said copolymer is a copolymer of about 94 to about 99.5 wt.% acrylonitrile and about 0.5 to about 6 wt.% acrylic acid or methacrylic acid based on the weight of the two monomers.

Claim 29

Composition as claimed in claim 26 wherein said copolymer is a copolymer of about 96 to about 98 wt.% of acrylonitrile and about 2 to about 4 wt.% of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid based on the weight of the two monomers.

Claim 30

In a process for producing a liquid polymer/polyisocyanate composition which is convertible by reaction with a poly(active hydrogen) organic compound to a polyurethane product wherein the polyisocyanate of said composition is normally liquid at the temperature at which said composition is converted to said polyurethane product and said polymer is formed in situ in said polyisocyanate from one or more polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomers and is essentially insoluble therein, the improvement utilizing acrylonitrile or major amounts of acrylonitrile and minor amounts of one or more polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomer copolymerizable therewith and providing more stable dispersions of small particles of said polymer in said polyisocyanate, comprising, polymerizing acrylonitrile or major amounts of acrylonitrile and minor amounts of one or more polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomers copolymerizable therewith in a liquid polyisocyanate material having a free NCO content of at least 10 wt.% and consisting essentially of (1) polymeric forms of a diarylalkylene diisocyanate having the formula ##STR19## in which R is a trivalent aromatic group and x is a number having an average value of 1.1 to 5, (2) mixtures of a diarylalkylene diisocyanate, a carbodiimide of the formula: OCNR'N═C═NR'NCO, and a diarylalkylene diisocyanate trifunctional trimeric cycloadduct of the formula: ##STR20## wherein R' is a divalent arylenealkylenearylene group, or (3) mixtures of polyisocyanates (1) and (2) above, in an amount of about 10 to about 40 wt.% of acrylonitrile or acrylonitrile and said monomer(s) based on the total weight of acrylonitrile, said monomer(s) and said polyisocyanate in the presence of about one half to about 6 wt.% of a free radical catalyst on the same weight basis at a temperature ranging from about 25° C. to about 200° C. to form said composition in which said polymer is formed in situ from acrylonitrile and said monomer or monomers and is dispersed in said polyisocyanate, said ethylenically unsaturated monomer(s) in an effective amount improving the affinity of the resulting polymer particles for said polyisocyanate and restricting agglomeration of said polymer particles in said polyisocyanate to provide a dispersion which forms films containing less than 10% seeds, the remaining area being glossy, or 5% seeds, the remaining area being semi-glossy, said percentages being on an area basis.

Claim 31

In a process for producing a liquid polymer/polyisocyanate composition which is convertible by reaction with a poly(active hydrogen) organic compound to a polyurethane product wherein the polyisocyanate of said composition is normally liquid at the temperature at which said composition is converted to said polyurethane product and said polymer is formed in situ in said polyisocyanate from one or more polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomers and is essentially insoluble therein, the improvement utilizing acrylonitrile or major amounts of acrylonitrile and minor amounts of one or more polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomer copolymerizable therewith and providing more stable dispersions of small particles of said polymer in said polyisocyanate, comprising, polymerizing acrylonitrile or major amounts of acrylonitrile and minor amounts of one or more polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomers copolymerizable therewith in a liquid polyisocyanate material having a free NCO content of at least 10 wt.% and consisting essentially of (1) polymeric forms of a diarylalkylene diisocyanate having the formula ##STR19## in which R is a trivalent aromatic group and x is a number having an average value of 1.1 to 5, (2) mixtures of a diarylalkylene diisocyanate, a carbodiimide of the formula: OCNR'N═C═NR'NCO, and a diarylalkylene diisocyanate trifunctional trimeric cycloadduct of the formula: ##STR20## wherein R' is a divalent arylenealkylenearylene group, or (3) mixtures of polyisocyanates (1) and (2) above, in an amount of about 10 to about 40 wt.% of acrylonitrile or acrylonitrile and said monomer(s) based on the total weight of acrylonitrile, said monomer(s) and said polyisocyanate in the presence of about one half to about 6 wt.% of a free radical catalyst on the same weight basis at a temperature ranging from about 25° C. to about 200° C. to form said composition in which said polymer is formed in situ from acrylonitrile and said monomer or monomers and is dispersed in said polyisocyanate, said ethylenically unsaturated monomer(s) in an effective amount improving the affinity of the resulting polymer particles for said polyisocyanate and restricting agglomeration of said polymer particles in said polyisocyanate to provide a dispersion which forms films containing less than 10% seeds, the remaining area being glossy, or 5% seeds, the remaining area being semi-glossy, said percentages being on an area basis.

Claim 32

Process as claimed in claim 28 wherein said monomers copolymerizable with acrylonitrile are acrylamide and acrylic acid or methacrylic acid.

Claim 33

Process as claimed in claim 29 wherein said polyisocyanate is (1) polymeric forms of a diarylalkylene diisocyanate having the formula: ##STR21## in which R is a trivalent aromatic group and x is a number having an average value of 1.1 to 5, (2) mixtures of a diarylalkylene diisocyanate, a carbodiimide of the formula: OCNR'N═C═NR'NCO, and a diarylalkylene diisocyanate trifunctional trimeric cycloadduct of the formula: ##STR22## wherein R' is a divalent arylenealkylene group, or (3) mixtures of polyisocyanates (1) and (2) above.

Claim 34

Process as claimed in claim 28 wherein said free radical catalyst is an azo bis(alkyronitrile).

Claim 35

Process as claimed in claim 28 wherein said free radical catalyst is 2,2'-azo-bis-isobutyronitrile.

Claim 36

Process as claimed in claim 28 wherein said free radical catalyst is tert.butyl peroctoate.

Claim 37

A method for producing a polyurethane elastomer by reacting a mixture comprising (a) a polymer/polyisocyanate composition as claimed in claim 1 and (b) a poly(active hydrogen) organic compound, in the presence of (c) a catalyst for the reaction of (a) and (b) to produce the polyurethane.

Claim 38

A method for producing a polyurethane elastomer by reacting a mixture comprising (a) a polymer/polyisocyanate composition as claimed in claim 3 and (b) a poly(active hydrogen) organic compound, in the presence of (c) a catalyst for the reaction of (a) and (b) to produce the polyurethane.

Claim 39

Method as claimed in claim 35 wherein the polymer/polyisocyanate is that claimed in claim 15.

Claim 40

Method as claimed in claim 35 wherein the polymer/polyisocyanate is that claimed in claim 16.

Claim 41

Method as claimed in claim 35 wherein the polymer/polyisocyanate is that claimed in claim 17.

Claim 42

Method as claimed in claim 35 wherein the polymer/polyisocyanate is that claimed in claim 18.

Claim 43

A method for producing a polyurethane foam by reacting and foaming a mixture comprising (a) the polymer/polyisocyanate composition claimed in claim 1, (b) a poly (active hydrogen) organic compound, (c) a catalyst for the reaction of (a) and (b) to produce the polyurethane, (d) a blowing agent and (e) a foam stabilizer.

Claim 44

A method as claimed in claim 40 wherein the foam is a flexible foam, the reaction and foaming are performed by the one-shot technique, the poly(active hydrogen) organic compound contains an alkylene oxide adduct of a polyhydroxyalkane, and the blowing agent is water.

Claim 45

Method as claimed in claim 41 in which said polymer/polyisocyanate composition is that claimed in claim 16.

Claim 46

Polyurethane elastomer as claimed in claim 34.

Claim 47

Polyurethane elastomer as claimed in claim 35.

Claim 48

Polyurethane elastomer as claimed in claim 36.

Claim 49

Polyurethane elastomer as claimed in claim 37.

Claim 50

Polyurethane foam as claimed in claim 4.