Patent US2294002A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
Patent US3960490A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US3960490A
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Method and apparatus for detecting immunologic reactions by diffusion in gel
Assignee: General Electric Co
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Filing: 1974-04-01
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Granted: 1976-06-01
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Expires: 1994-04-01
Abstract
Abstract A thin layer of gel on a metallized solid surface has two or more wells formed through the gel which are subsequently filled with specimens of first and second solutions suspected of respectively containing first and second immunologically reactive biological particles specific to each other. The specmens are allowed to diffuse in the gel, and presence of the first and second biological particles in the solutions forms a complexed protein precipitate line on the metallized solid surface corresponding to the region of intersection of the two diffused specimens and which is visible with good contrast to the unaided eye without the need for staining the gel and provides a durable record of the immunological reaction which forms the precipitate.
Inventors
- 👤 Ivar Giaever
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-31 17:54
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01N; G01N33/00; G01N33/48; G01N33/50; G01N33/53; G01N33/543; G01N33/551; G01N33/553; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S435/00; Y10S435/97; Y10S435/975; Y10S436/00; Y10S436/805; Y10S436/807; Y10S436/809; Y10S436/82
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 31
Claim 1
Independent Claim
65 words
Apparatus for determining the presence or absence of select biological particles in a biological sample, comprising in combination a solid substrate member having a metallized surface area thereon and a gel layer on and in direct contact with said metallized surface area, said gel layer having a plurality of holes therethrough exposing metallized surface area at the bottom of said holes, said gel layer being
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
65 words
Apparatus for determining the presence or absence of select biological particles in a biological sample, comprising in combination a solid substrate member having a metallized surface area thereon and a gel layer on and in direct contact with said metallized surface area, said gel layer having a plurality of holes therethrough exposing metallized surface area at the bottom of said holes, said gel layer being
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
18 words
The apparatus set forth in claim 1 wherein the solid substrate member is formed of a light-transmissive material
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
19 words
The apparatus set forth in claim 1 wherein the metallized surface of the solid member is a non-continuous film
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
21 words
The apparatus set forth in claim 1 wherein the metallized surface of the solid substrate member is formed of a metal
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
20 words
The apparatus set forth in claim 1 wherein the metallized surface of the solid substrate member is formed from an
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
23 words
The apparatus set forth in claim 1 wherein the holes through the layer of gel are spaced apart in the order of several
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
8 words
The apparatus set forth in claim 1 wherein
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
8 words
The apparatus set forth in claim 1 wherein
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
14 words
The apparatus recited in claim 1 wherein the gel layer is formed from an
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
11 words
The apparatus recited in claim 9 wherein the aqueous liquid is
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
20 words
The apparatus set forth in claim 1 wherein said solid substrate member is a container, the inner bottom surface of
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
8 words
The apparatus set forth in claim 11 wherein
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
8 words
The apparatus set forth in claim 11 wherein
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
20 words
The apparatus set forth in claim 1 wherein the metallized surface of the solid substrate member is formed from an
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
8 words
The apparatus set forth in claim 14 wherein
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
23 words
The apparatus set forth in claim 15 wherein the surface of the solid substrate member beneath the metallized surface area is flat and
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
23 words
The apparatus set forth in claim 15 wherein the surface of the solid substrate member beneath the metallized surface area is flat and
Claim 19
Independent Claim
130 words
A method for determining the presence or absence of select biological particles in a biological sample, comprising the steps of: disposing a gel layer on and in direct contact with a metallized surface, said gel layer having a plurality of spaced holes therethrough and being substantially free of biological particles, placing a quantity of solution containing biological particles specific to said select biological particles in a first of said holes, placing a quantity of biological sample in a second of said holes, preventing desiccation of said gel layer during diffusion of said quantities of solution and biological sample through gel material adjacent said metallized surface, removing said gel layer and inspecting the exposed surface to determine the presence or absence of precipitate line adhered to said metallized surface between positions
Claim 20
Independent Claim
130 words
A method for determining the presence or absence of select biological particles in a biological sample, comprising the steps of: disposing a gel layer on and in direct contact with a metallized surface, said gel layer having a plurality of spaced holes therethrough and being substantially free of biological particles, placing a quantity of solution containing biological particles specific to said select biological particles in a first of said holes, placing a quantity of biological sample in a second of said holes, preventing desiccation of said gel layer during diffusion of said quantities of solution and biological sample through gel material adjacent said metallized surface, removing said gel layer and inspecting the exposed surface to determine the presence or absence of precipitate line adhered to said metallized surface between positions
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method set forth in claim 18 wherein the gel layer disposed on the metallized surface is less than one
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
8 words
The method set forth in claim 18 wherein
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method recited in claim 18 wherein the select biological particle is an antigen and the biological particle specific thereto is an antibody.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method recited in claim 18 wherein the metallized surface contains
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method recited in claim 18 wherein the metallized surface is
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method recited in claim 18 wherein the metallized surface is
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method recited in claim 18 wherein the inspecting step is conducted
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method recited in claim 18 wherein the gel layer is formed on the
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
34 words
The method recited in claim 18 wherein a quantity of a standard solution containing a known concentration of select biological particles therein is placed in a third of the holes to produce a standard
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method recited in claim 18 wherein the gel layer is formed from an
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method recited in claim 28 wherein the aqueous liquid is distilled water.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1979-06-01 | 1979-12-01 | 1980-06-01 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1983-06-01 | 1983-12-01 | 1984-06-01 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1987-06-01 | 1987-12-01 | 1988-06-01 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |