US6718049B2 — Near-infrared disguise detection

Claim 1

Independent Claim 171 words

A detection system for use in detecting a human in a scene, the detection system comprising: a first camera sensitive to a first band of wavelengths within a reflected infrared radiation range and operable to provide one or more frames of a first image output representative of the scene; a second camera sensitive to a second band of wavelengths within the reflected infrared radiation range and operable to provide one or more frames of a second image output representative of the scene; an optical device positioned to direct light reflected from the scene in at least the first band of wavelengths to the first camera and to direct light reflected from the scene in at least the second band of wavelengths to the second camera, wherein the one or more frames of the first image output are co-registered in time with the one or more frames of the second image output; and a processing apparatus operable to detect a human in the scene based on the first and second image outputs.

Claim 2

Dependent Claim 171 words

A detection system for use in detecting a human in a scene, the detection system comprising: a first camera sensitive to a first band of wavelengths within a reflected infrared radiation range and operable to provide one or more frames of a first image output representative of the scene; a second camera sensitive to a second band of wavelengths within the reflected infrared radiation range and operable to provide one or more frames of a second image output representative of the scene; an optical device positioned to direct light reflected from the scene in at least the first band of wavelengths to the first camera and to direct light reflected from the scene in at least the second band of wavelengths to the second camera, wherein the one or more frames of the first image output are co-registered in time with the one or more frames of the second image output; and a processing apparatus operable to detect a human in the scene based on the first and second image outputs.

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 16 words

The system of claim 1 , wherein the optical device comprises a combination beamsplitter and filter.

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 43 words

The system of claim 2 , wherein the optical device is an optical component having a coating thereon that directs light with wavelengths below about 1.4 microns to the first camera and light with wavelengths above about 1.4 microns to the second camera.

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 54 words

The system of claim 1 , wherein the processing apparatus is operable to fuse spectral power of the pixels of the first image output with spectral power of corresponding pixels of the second image output to provide a fused image output having an increased contrast between a human and a background in the scene.

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 39 words

The system of claim 4 , wherein the processing apparatus is further operable to segment the human from the scene by comparing the spectral power of each pixel of the fused image output to one or more threshold values.

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 53 words

The system of claim 1 , wherein a difference in reflectance for human skin in the first band of wavelengths relative to the second band of wavelengths is greater than a difference in reflectance for objects other than human skin in the first band of wavelengths relative to the second band of wavelengths.

Claim 8

Dependent Claim 50 words

The system of claim 1 , wherein the processing apparatus is further operable to perform a weighted difference calculation of spectral power of the pixels of the first image output with spectral power of corresponding pixels of the second image output resulting in a weighted difference output for the pixels.

Claim 9

Dependent Claim 44 words

The system of claim 7 , wherein the processing apparatus is further operable to compare the weighted difference output for the pixels to one or more threshold values to differentiate pixels representative of human skin from pixels representative of objects other than human skin.

Claim 10

Dependent Claim 16 words

The system of claim 1 , wherein said first and second cameras have the same fields-of-view.

Claim 11

Dependent Claim 168 words

A detection system comprising: first camera means for sensing radiation of a scene within a first band of wavelengths in a reflected infrared radiation range and operable to provide one or more frames of a first image output representative of the scene; second camera means for sensing radiation of the scene within a second band of wavelengths in the reflected infrared radiation range and operable to provide one or more frames of a second image output representative of the scene; optical device means positioned for directing light reflected from the scene in at least the first band of wavelengths to the first camera means and for directing light reflected from the scene in at least the second band of wavelengths to the second camera means such that one or more frames of the first image output are co-registered in time with one or more frames of the second image output; and processing means for detecting a human in the scene based on the first and second image outputs.

Claim 12

Dependent Claim 168 words

A detection system comprising: first camera means for sensing radiation of a scene within a first band of wavelengths in a reflected infrared radiation range and operable to provide one or more frames of a first image output representative of the scene; second camera means for sensing radiation of the scene within a second band of wavelengths in the reflected infrared radiation range and operable to provide one or more frames of a second image output representative of the scene; optical device means positioned for directing light reflected from the scene in at least the first band of wavelengths to the first camera means and for directing light reflected from the scene in at least the second band of wavelengths to the second camera means such that one or more frames of the first image output are co-registered in time with one or more frames of the second image output; and processing means for detecting a human in the scene based on the first and second image outputs.

Claim 13

Dependent Claim 135 words

The system of claim 10 , wherein the processing means comprises: fusing means connected to said first and second camera means for fusing spectral powers P(i,j) 1 of pixels (i,j) 1 from said first camera means with spectral powers P(i,j) 2 of corresponding pixels (i,j) 2 from said second camera means, resulting in fused spectral powers P(i,j) f ; and thresholding means, connected to said fusing means, for thresholding fused spectral powers P(i,j) f from said fusing means, resulting in threshold spectral powers P(i,j) t ; and wherein: the scene is focused by said first camera means on a first sensing array having m×n pixels; the scene is focused by said second camera means on a second sensing array having m×n pixels; each pixel is located at ith row and jth column; 0≦i≦m; and 0<j≦n.

Claim 14

Dependent Claim 18 words

The system of claim 11 , further comprising indicating means for displaying a segmented image of the scene.

Claim 15

Dependent Claim 37 words

The system of claim 12 , wherein: P ( i,j ) f =P ( i,j ) 1 −C*P ( i,j ) 2 ; and C is a constant determined according to a lighting condition of the scene.

Claim 16

Dependent Claim 68 words

The system of claim 13 , wherein: P ( i,j ) 1 =V 1 if P ( i,j ) f >T; P ( i,j ) t =V 2 if P ( i,j ) f <T; V 1 is a first value; V 2 is a second value; and T is a threshold value, wherein T is determined by a spectral power distribution of fused pixels (i,j) f .

Claim 17

Dependent Claim 21 words

The system of claim 10 , wherein a wavelength between the first and second bands of wavelengths is about 1.4 microns.

Claim 18

Dependent Claim 33 words

The system of claim 10 , wherein: the first band of wavelengths is between about 0.8 and 1.4 microns; and the second band of wavelengths is between about 1.4 microns and 2.2 microns.

Claim 19

Independent Claim 184 words

A method for detecting humans, comprising: focusing a scene on a first m x n pixel array that is sensitive to light of a first bandwidth within a reflected infrared radiation range resulting in one or more frames of a first image output representative of the scene and on a second m×n pixel array that is sensitive to light of a second bandwidth within the reflected infrared radiation range resulting in one or more frames of a second image output representative of the scene; co-registering one or more frames of the first image output with one or more frames of the second image output, wherein co-registering the frames comprises using an optical device to direct light reflected from the scene in at least the first bandwidth to the first m×n pixel array at each of a plurality of points in time and directing light reflected from the scene in at least the second bandwidth to the second m×n pixel array at each of the plurality of points in time; and using the first and second image outputs to detect a human in the scene.

Claim 20

Independent Claim 184 words

A method for detecting humans, comprising: focusing a scene on a first m x n pixel array that is sensitive to light of a first bandwidth within a reflected infrared radiation range resulting in one or more frames of a first image output representative of the scene and on a second m×n pixel array that is sensitive to light of a second bandwidth within the reflected infrared radiation range resulting in one or more frames of a second image output representative of the scene; co-registering one or more frames of the first image output with one or more frames of the second image output, wherein co-registering the frames comprises using an optical device to direct light reflected from the scene in at least the first bandwidth to the first m×n pixel array at each of a plurality of points in time and directing light reflected from the scene in at least the second bandwidth to the second m×n pixel array at each of the plurality of points in time; and using the first and second image outputs to detect a human in the scene.

Claim 21

Dependent Claim 63 words

The method of claim 17 , wherein using the first and second image outputs to detect a human in the scene comprises fusing spectral power of the pixels of the first image output with spectral power of corresponding pixels of the second image output to provide a fused image output having an increased contrast between a human and a background in the scene.

Claim 22

Dependent Claim 48 words

The method of claim 18 , wherein using the first and second image outputs to detect a human in the scene further comprises segmenting the human from the scene by comparing the spectral power of each pixel of the fused image output to one or more threshold values.

Claim 23

Dependent Claim 15 words

The method of claim 19 , wherein the method further comprises displaying a segmented image.

Claim 24

Dependent Claim 19 words

The method of claim 17 , wherein a wavelength between the first and second bandwidths is about 1.4 microns.

Claim 25

Dependent Claim 29 words

The method of claim 17 , wherein the first bandwidth is between about 0.8 and 1.4 microns and the second bandwidth is between about 1.4 microns and 2.2 microns.

Claim 26

Dependent Claim 45 words

The method of claim 17 , wherein a difference in reflectance for human skin in the first bandwidth relative to the second bandwidth is greater than a difference in reflectance for objects other than human skin in the first bandwidth relative to the second bandwidth.

Claim 27

Dependent Claim 58 words

The method of claim 17 , wherein using the first and second image outputs to detect a human in the scene comprises performing a weighted difference calculation of spectral power of the pixels of the first image output with spectral power of corresponding pixels of the second image output resulting in a weighted difference output for the pixels.

Claim 28

Dependent Claim 53 words

The method of claim 24 , wherein using the first and second image outputs to detect a human in the scene further comprises comparing the weighted difference output for the pixels to one or more threshold values to differentiate pixels representative of human skin from pixels representative of objects other than human skin.

Claim 29

Dependent Claim 119 words

The method of claim 17 , wherein using the first and second image outputs to detect a human in the scene comprises: fusing a spectral power P(i,j) 1 of each pixel of the first m×n pixel array with a spectral power P(i,j) 2 of each corresponding pixel of the second m×n pixel array, to result in a spectral power P(i,j) f of a fused pixel, respectively; thresholding the spectral power P(i,j) f of each fused pixel into a first value if the spectral power is greater than a threshold value; and thresholding the spectral power P(i,j) f of each fused pixel into a second value if the spectral power is less than the threshold value; wherein: 0<i≦m; and 0<j≦n.

Claim 30

Dependent Claim 34 words

The method of claim 26 , wherein: P (i,j) f =P ( i,j ) 1 −C*P ( i,j ) 2 ; and C is a constant dependent upon a lighting condition of the scene.

Claim 31

Dependent Claim 66 words

The method of claim 27 , wherein: P ( i,j ) t =V 1 if P ( i,j ) f >T; P ( i,j ) t =V 2 if P ( i,j ) f <T; V 1 is a first value; V 2 is a second value; and T is a threshold value dependent upon a distribution of spectral powers P(i,j) f of the fused pixels.

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	2007-04-06	2007-10-06	2008-04-06	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	2011-04-06	2011-10-06	2012-04-06	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	2015-04-06	2015-10-06	2016-04-06	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Near-infrared disguise detection

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