Patent US6181802B1 successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US6181802B1
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Method and apparatus for coding information by inserting codes in strongly featured image regions
Assignee: Central Research Laboratories Ltd
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Filing: 1996-02-05
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Granted: 2001-01-30
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Expires: 2016-02-05
Abstract
Abstract A method of encoding invisible identification code into an image, which is highly resistant to degradation across communications links, and which does not require the presence of the original image for decoding, comprises analyzing the image and determining strongly featured regions such as edges, and inserting code into such regions by altering the structure of the image in a predictable manner, as for example a concave elliptical insert centered on and aligned with an edge, which alteration is not visible to the eye. When decoding, area of concavity are determined, and a correlation is performed with a predicted insert function to assess whether code has been inserted. A hardware embodiment is described.
Inventors
- 👤 Martin Peter Todd
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-09 10:51
CPC Classifications
H; H04; H04N; H04N7/00; H04N7/08; G; G06; G06T; G06T9/00; G06T9/004; H04N1/00; H04N1/32; H04N1/32101; H04N1/32144; H04N1/32149; H04N1/32203; H04N1/32208; H04N1/32229; H04N1/3224; H04N1/32251; H04N1/32309; H04N1/3232; H04N21/00; H04N21/20; H04N21/23; H04N21/238; H04N21/2389; H04N21/23892; H04N21/80; H04N21/83; H04N21/835; H04N21/8358; H04N5/00; H04N5/76; H04N5/91; H04N5/913
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 43
Claim 1
Independent Claim
76 words
A method of inserting coded information into an image, comprising analyzing the image, identifying at least one strongly featured region, and inserting into the or each such region a predetermined geometric insert function extending spatially within such region, in order to represent coded information, wherein said method includes determining the maximum strength said insert function may have without producing a visible artefact, and determining the intensity of the insert function in accordance with said maximum strength.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
76 words
A method of inserting coded information into an image, comprising analyzing the image, identifying at least one strongly featured region, and inserting into the or each such region a predetermined geometric insert function extending spatially within such region, in order to represent coded information, wherein said method includes determining the maximum strength said insert function may have without producing a visible artefact, and determining the intensity of the insert function in accordance with said maximum strength.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
36 words
A method according to claim 1 , including assessing the image as to the degree of strength of the strongly featured region within the image, and determining said maximum strength in dependence on such strength assessment.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
54 words
A method according to claim 2 , including varying in a predetermined manner the intensity of the geometric insert function over its spatial extent, determining a function representing the extent to which the intensity of the image varies in a similar manner, and determining the product of such function and the geometric insert function.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
27 words
A method according to claim 3 , wherein the geometric insert function varies in intensity in a concave manner between its edges and across its central region.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
29 words
A method according to claim 3 , wherein the intensity of the insert function is scaled by a value representing the difference between said maximum strength and said product.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
42 words
A method according to claim 1 , wherein the insert function varies in intensity over its spatial extent in a concave manner, either increasing or decreasing in intensity from its centre towards its edges to represent either one of two binary values.
Claim 8
Independent Claim
64 words
A method of inserting coded information into an image, comprising analyzing the image, identifying at least one strongly featured region, and inserting into the or each such region a predetermined geometric insert function extending spatially within such region, in order to represent coded information, wherein said method includes determining whether the strongly featured region is sufficient well defined to permit insertion of coded information.
Claim 9
Independent Claim
64 words
A method of inserting coded information into an image, comprising analyzing the image, identifying at least one strongly featured region, and inserting into the or each such region a predetermined geometric insert function extending spatially within such region, in order to represent coded information, wherein said method includes determining whether the strongly featured region is sufficient well defined to permit insertion of coded information.
Claim 10
Independent Claim
71 words
A method of inserting coded information into an image, comprising analyzing the image, identifying at least one strongly featured region, and inserting into the or each such region a predetermined geometric insert function extending spatially within such region, in order to represent coded information, further comprising dividing the image up into blocks formed in N rows and M columns, and carrying out the aforesaid analysing and inserting steps in each block.
Claim 11
Independent Claim
71 words
A method of inserting coded information into an image, comprising analyzing the image, identifying at least one strongly featured region, and inserting into the or each such region a predetermined geometric insert function extending spatially within such region, in order to represent coded information, further comprising dividing the image up into blocks formed in N rows and M columns, and carrying out the aforesaid analysing and inserting steps in each block.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
49 words
A method according to claim 8 , wherein a group of blocks, selected according to a predetermined rule, are encoded according to a pseudo random sequence so that one element in the sequence represents one item of coded information which is inserted into a respective block of the group.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
48 words
A method of inserting coded information according to claim 8 , wherein an assessment is made of the type of image within each block, whether it has a single strongly featured region, has several such regions, or is a block having low activity in terms of image information.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
40 words
A method according to claim 10 wherein if a block is assessed to have a low activity, the geometric insert function comprises a geometric region wherein the pixels within the region have a luminance modulated according to a predetermined function.
Claim 15
Independent Claim
92 words
A method of decoding information contained in an image, the method comprising analysinq the image, identifying a strongly featured region, determining for the region a predetermined geometric insert function extending spatially within the region and representing coded information, and performing a correlation operation with such predetermined insert function and the image to determine the value of coded information inserted into the strongly featured region, wherein the method further comprises dividing the image up into blocks formed in N rows and M columns, and carrying out the aforesaid decoding steps in each block.
Claim 16
Independent Claim
92 words
A method of decoding information contained in an image, the method comprising analysinq the image, identifying a strongly featured region, determining for the region a predetermined geometric insert function extending spatially within the region and representing coded information, and performing a correlation operation with such predetermined insert function and the image to determine the value of coded information inserted into the strongly featured region, wherein the method further comprises dividing the image up into blocks formed in N rows and M columns, and carrying out the aforesaid decoding steps in each block.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
73 words
A method according to claim 12 , wherein the intensity of the anticipated geometric insert function varies in a predetermined manner overs its spatial extent, and determining a function representing the extent to which the intensity of the image varies in a similar manner, determining the product of such function and the geometric insert function, and correlating such product with the possible values of the coded information to determine the most likely value.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
45 words
A method according to claim 12 , wherein a group of blocks, selected according to a predetermined rule, are correlated with the possible values of an anticipated pseudo random sequence, the possible values of each element of the sequence being correlated with a respective block.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
46 words
A method of decoding according to claim 12 , wherein an assessment is made of the type of image within each block, whether it has a single strongly featured region, has several such regions, or is a block having low activity in terms of image information.
Claim 20
Independent Claim
62 words
A method of inserting coded information into an image, comprising analyzing the image, identifying at least one strongly featured region, and inserting into the or each such region a predetermined geometric insert function extending spatially within such region, in order to represent coded information, wherein the at least one strongly featured region comprises edge regions between areas of different luminance and/or chrominance.
Claim 21
Independent Claim
62 words
A method of inserting coded information into an image, comprising analyzing the image, identifying at least one strongly featured region, and inserting into the or each such region a predetermined geometric insert function extending spatially within such region, in order to represent coded information, wherein the at least one strongly featured region comprises edge regions between areas of different luminance and/or chrominance.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
33 words
A method according to claim 16 , wherein the geometric insert function has an intensity varying in a non-linear manner along a length of the edge, for representing one of two binary values.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
39 words
A method according to claim 17 , wherein the insert function is elliptical in extent, with its intensity gradually changing in a direction along its major axis, and with its major axis extending along the length of the edge.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
19 words
A method according to claim 18 , wherein the elliptical function is centred on the centre of the edge.
Claim 25
Independent Claim
67 words
A method of inserting coded information into an image, comprising analyzing the image, identifying at least one strongly featured region, and inserting into the or each such region a predetermined geometric insert function extending spatially within such region, in order to represent coded information, wherein the at least one strongly featured region comprises textured regions having randomly distributed therein local areas of different luminance and/or chrominance values.
Claim 26
Independent Claim
67 words
A method of inserting coded information into an image, comprising analyzing the image, identifying at least one strongly featured region, and inserting into the or each such region a predetermined geometric insert function extending spatially within such region, in order to represent coded information, wherein the at least one strongly featured region comprises textured regions having randomly distributed therein local areas of different luminance and/or chrominance values.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
69 words
A method according to claim 20 , comprising analysing a textured region by a process of cluster analysis, identifying a cluster of local areas with a certain quality and which are more prominent to the eye than other local areas, and modifying the chrominance and/or luminance values of the cluster with a geometric insert function which decreases in intensity from its centre, for representing one of two binary values.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
78 words
Apparatus for inserting coded information into an image, comprising means for analyzing the image and identifying strongly featured regions, and means for inserting into at least one such region a predetermined geometric insert function extending spatially within such region and representing coded information, and further including means for determining the maximum strength the insert function may have without producing a visible artefact, and means for determining the intensity of the insert function in accordance with said maximum strength.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
78 words
Apparatus for inserting coded information into an image, comprising means for analyzing the image and identifying strongly featured regions, and means for inserting into at least one such region a predetermined geometric insert function extending spatially within such region and representing coded information, and further including means for determining the maximum strength the insert function may have without producing a visible artefact, and means for determining the intensity of the insert function in accordance with said maximum strength.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
39 words
Apparatus according to claim 22 , including means for assessing the image as to the degree of strength of the strongly featured region within the image, and means for determining said maximum strength in dependence on such strength assessment.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
59 words
Apparatus according to claim 23 , wherein the intensity of the geometric insert function varies in a predetermined manner overs its spatial extent, and including means for determining a function representing the extent to which the intensity of the image varies in a similar manner, and means for determining the product of such function and the geometric insert function.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
31 words
Apparatus according to claim 24 , including means for scaling the intensity of the insert function by a value representing the difference between said maximum strength and the existing variation product.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
73 words
Apparatus for inserting coded information into an image, comprising means for analyzing the image and identifying strongly featured regions, and means for inserting into at least one such region a predetermined geometric insert function extending spatially within such region and representing coded information, and further including means for dividing the image up into blocks formed in N rows and M columns, and carrying out the aforesaid analysing and inserting steps in each block.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
73 words
Apparatus for inserting coded information into an image, comprising means for analyzing the image and identifying strongly featured regions, and means for inserting into at least one such region a predetermined geometric insert function extending spatially within such region and representing coded information, and further including means for dividing the image up into blocks formed in N rows and M columns, and carrying out the aforesaid analysing and inserting steps in each block.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
45 words
Apparatus according to claim 26 , including means for selecting a group of blocks according to a predetermined rule, and means for encoding the group according to a pseudo random sequence so that the blocks in the group represent one or more bits of information.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
98 words
Apparatus for decoding information contained in an image, comprising means for analyzing the image and identifying a strongly featured region, means for determining for the region an anticipated geometric insert function extending spatially within the region and representing coded information, and means for Performing a correlation operation with such anticipated insert function and the image to determine the value of coded information inserted into the strongly featured region, and further comprising means for dividing the image up into blocks formed in N rows and M columns, and means for carrying out the aforesaid decoding steps in each block.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
98 words
Apparatus for decoding information contained in an image, comprising means for analyzing the image and identifying a strongly featured region, means for determining for the region an anticipated geometric insert function extending spatially within the region and representing coded information, and means for Performing a correlation operation with such anticipated insert function and the image to determine the value of coded information inserted into the strongly featured region, and further comprising means for dividing the image up into blocks formed in N rows and M columns, and means for carrying out the aforesaid decoding steps in each block.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
79 words
Apparatus according to claim 28 , wherein the intensity of the anticipated geometric insert function varies in a predetermined manner overs its spatial extent, and including means for determining a function representing the extent to which the intensity of the image varies in a similar manner, means for determining the product of such function and the geometric insert function, and means for correlating such product with the possible values of the coded information to determine the most likely value.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
45 words
Apparatus according to claim 28 , including means for correlating a group of blocks, selected according to a predetermined rule, with the possible values of an anticipated pseudo random sequence, the possible values of each element of the sequence being correlated with a respective block.
Claim 40
Independent Claim
79 words
A method of decoding information contained in an image, the method comprising analyzing the image, identifying a strongly featured region, determining for the region a predetermined geometric insert function extending spatially within the region and representing coded information, and performing a correlation operation with such predetermined insert function and the image to determine the value of coded information inserted into the strongly featured region, wherein the strongly featured region comprises edge regions between areas of different luminance and/or chrominance.
Claim 41
Independent Claim
79 words
A method of decoding information contained in an image, the method comprising analyzing the image, identifying a strongly featured region, determining for the region a predetermined geometric insert function extending spatially within the region and representing coded information, and performing a correlation operation with such predetermined insert function and the image to determine the value of coded information inserted into the strongly featured region, wherein the strongly featured region comprises edge regions between areas of different luminance and/or chrominance.
Claim 42
Independent Claim
84 words
A method of decoding information contained in an image, the method comprising analyzing the image, identifying a strongly featured region, determining for the region a predetermined geometric insert function extending spatially within the region and representing coded information, and performing a correlation operation with such predetermined insert function and the image to determine the value of coded information inserted into the strongly featured region, wherein the strongly featured region comprises textured regions having randomly distributed therein local areas of different luminance and/or chrominance values.
Claim 43
Independent Claim
84 words
A method of decoding information contained in an image, the method comprising analyzing the image, identifying a strongly featured region, determining for the region a predetermined geometric insert function extending spatially within the region and representing coded information, and performing a correlation operation with such predetermined insert function and the image to determine the value of coded information inserted into the strongly featured region, wherein the strongly featured region comprises textured regions having randomly distributed therein local areas of different luminance and/or chrominance values.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2004-01-30 | 2004-07-31 | 2005-01-30 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2008-01-30 | 2008-07-31 | 2009-01-30 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2012-01-30 | 2012-07-31 | 2013-01-30 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |