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US6046444A Expired / Lapsed US ⏱️ 0.0 years remaining

High sensitivity active pixel with electronic shutter

Assignee: Intel Corp
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Filing: 1997-12-08
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Granted: 2000-04-04
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Expires: 2017-12-08
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Abstract

Abstract A high sensitivity active pixel for use in MOS image sensor circuits. The pixel circuit design allows the use of digital MOS fabrication processes to be used in implementing a pixel circuit having greater sensitivity (allowing increased frame rate) and greater noise immunity than certain prior art pixels. The novel pixel features a source follower configured amplifier, such as a single MOS FET, coupled between a photodetector and a storage capacitor. A light-generated signal from the photodetector is used to control the charge placed in the storage capacitor in order to develop a capture voltage. In a particular embodiment, an n-channel source follower and a p-channel output stage are combined in the pixel to make the overall transfer function of the pixel more linear and distortion-free. In particular, the pixel transfer function becomes more linear for weak light-generated signals, whereas with conventional pixels, the pixel output signals are often distorted and even suppressed when the light-generated signal is weak. The novel pixel circuit may find particular use in a portable digital image capture system such as a digital camera.

Inventors

  • 👤 Morteza Afghahi

Bibliographic Details

Application Number —
Jurisdiction US
Data Source google_patents
Last Synchronized 2026-11-08 01:06
CPC Classifications
G; G11; G11C; G11C7/00; G11C7/005; H; H04; H04N; H04N25/00; H04N25/70; H04N25/76; H04N25/77; H04N25/771; G11C27/00; G11C27/02; G11C27/024; G11C27/026; H04N25/50; H04N25/53; H04N25/57; H10; H10F; H10F39/00; H10F39/80; H10F39/803

Claims Analysis

Total Claims: 26
Claim 1
Independent Claim 58 words
A circuit, comprising: photodetecting circuitry providing an original signal; a first FET having a gate, a drain, and a source, the first FET to provide an output current in response to receiving the original signal at the gate and a first control signal at the drain; and storage circuitry coupled to the source for receiving the output current.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim 58 words
A circuit, comprising: photodetecting circuitry providing an original signal; a first FET having a gate, a drain, and a source, the first FET to provide an output current in response to receiving the original signal at the gate and a first control signal at the drain; and storage circuitry coupled to the source for receiving the output current.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim 11 words
A circuit as in claim 1 wherein the FET is n-channel.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim 47 words
A circuit as in claim 1 wherein the photodetecting circuitry includes a reset FET coupled to a photodiode, the reset FET being coupled to receive a second control signal that is the complement of the first control signal and that provides a current for resetting the photodiode.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim 31 words
A circuit as in claim 1 wherein the storage circuitry comprises a capacitor coupled to a common supply node at one end and for receiving the output current at another end.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim 45 words
A circuit as in claim 1 further comprising an output stage having a second FET of which a gate is coupled to the storage circuitry and a source is coupled to a switch, the switch to selectively provide a current representative of the original signal.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim 56 words
A circuit as in 5 wherein said second FET is n-channel, the circuit further comprising a compensation circuit coupled between the gate of the second FET and a select input of the switch to raise the voltage at the gate of the second FET in response to a select signal being asserted at the select input.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim 56 words
A circuit as in 5 wherein said second FET is n-channel, the circuit further comprising a compensation circuit coupled between the gate of the second FET and a select input of the switch to raise the voltage at the gate of the second FET in response to a select signal being asserted at the select input.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim 72 words
A circuit as in claim 6 wherein the storage circuitry includes a first capacitor and the compensation circuit includes a second capacitor, the first and second capacitors being coupled to the gate of the second FET, the capacitance values of said first and second capacitors being selected such that the voltage at the gate is raised by at least one V T in response to the second capacitor receiving the select signal.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim 132 words
An imaging system, comprising: an optical system for being exposed to incident light; an image sensor coupled to the optical system to receive the incident light, the sensor having a plurality of pixels, each pixel having photodetecting circuitry providing an original signal representative of the incident light, an FET having a gate, a drain, and a source, the FET to provide an output current in response to receiving the original signal at the gate and a first control signal at the drain, storage circuitry coupled to the source for receiving the output current and in response providing an exposed voltage representative of the incident light, and analog-to-digital conversion circuitry coupled to the sensor for converting analog signals related to the exposed voltage in each pixel into digital signals representing raw image data.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim 132 words
An imaging system, comprising: an optical system for being exposed to incident light; an image sensor coupled to the optical system to receive the incident light, the sensor having a plurality of pixels, each pixel having photodetecting circuitry providing an original signal representative of the incident light, an FET having a gate, a drain, and a source, the FET to provide an output current in response to receiving the original signal at the gate and a first control signal at the drain, storage circuitry coupled to the source for receiving the output current and in response providing an exposed voltage representative of the incident light, and analog-to-digital conversion circuitry coupled to the sensor for converting analog signals related to the exposed voltage in each pixel into digital signals representing raw image data.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim 48 words
A system as in claim 8 further comprising means for digital signal and image processing, said means generating captured image data in response to receiving the digital signals; and an output interface for transferring the captured image data to an image processing system separate from the imaging system.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim 16 words
A system as in claim 9 further comprising display means for displaying the captured image data.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim 16 words
A system as in claim 9 further comprising an LCD to display the captured image data.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim 19 words
A system as in claim 9 further comprising a storage means for receiving and storing the captured image data.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim 18 words
A system as in claim 9 further comprising a removable memory card to store the captured image data.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim 18 words
A system as in claim 8 further comprising logic circuitry for compressing and scaling the raw image data.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim 25 words
A system as in claim 8 further comprising: a controller for managing the operations of the imaging system in response to instructions stored as firmware.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim 33 words
A system as in claim 15 wherein the controller generates the first control signal, a photodetector reset signal, and a pixel address signal for controlling operation of each pixel in the image sensor.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim 135 words
An image sensor comprising: a plurality of bitlines; and a plurality of pixels arranged as rows and columns to form an array, each pixel in one of the columns having photodetecting circuitry to provide an original signal representative of incident light detected in an integration interval, a first FET having a signal input, a control input, and signal output to provide an output current in response to receiving the original signal at the signal input and a first control signal being asserted at the control input upon completion of the integration interval, first capacitor coupled to the signal output for receiving the output current, and output stage coupled between the capacitor and a respective one of the plurality of bitlines to selectively buffer a voltage of the capacitor onto said respective one of the bitlines.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim 135 words
An image sensor comprising: a plurality of bitlines; and a plurality of pixels arranged as rows and columns to form an array, each pixel in one of the columns having photodetecting circuitry to provide an original signal representative of incident light detected in an integration interval, a first FET having a signal input, a control input, and signal output to provide an output current in response to receiving the original signal at the signal input and a first control signal being asserted at the control input upon completion of the integration interval, first capacitor coupled to the signal output for receiving the output current, and output stage coupled between the capacitor and a respective one of the plurality of bitlines to selectively buffer a voltage of the capacitor onto said respective one of the bitlines.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim 12 words
The image sensor of claim 17 wherein the first FET is n-channel.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim 47 words
The image sensor of claim 17 wherein the photodetecting circuitry includes a reset FET coupled to a photodiode, the reset FET being coupled to receive a second control signal that is the complement of the first control signal and that provides a current for resetting the photodiode.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim 40 words
The image sensor of claim 17 wherein each pixel further comprises a second FET having a gate coupled to the capacitor and a source coupled to a switch, the switch to selectively provide a current representative of the original signal.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim 58 words
The image sensor of claim 20 wherein the second FET is n-channel and each pixel further comprises a compensation circuit coupled between the gate of the second FET and a select input of the switch to raise the voltage at the gate of the second FET in response to a select signal being asserted at the select input.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim 64 words
The image sensor of claim 20 wherein the compensation circuit includes a second capacitor, the first and second capacitors being coupled to the gate of the second FET, the capacitance values of said first and second capacitors being selected such that the voltage at the gate is raised by at least one V T in response to the second capacitor receiving the select signal.

References Cited (Backward Citations)

US5471515A Cited
US5841126A Cited
US5541402A Cited
US5835141A Cited
US5614744A Cited
US5844598A Cited
US5841176A Cited
US5847422A Cited
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows

Annuity Stage Window Opens Payment Deadline Surcharge Period Until Estimated Fee Status
3.5 Years (Year 4) 2003-04-04 2003-10-04 2004-04-04 $2000.00 Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8) 2007-04-04 2007-10-04 2008-04-04 $3760.00 Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12) 2011-04-04 2011-10-04 2012-04-04 $7700.00 Window Closed / Lapsed

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