US6009129A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Device and method for detection and reduction of intermodulation distortion
Assignee: Nokia Inc
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Filing: 1997-02-28
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Granted: 1999-12-28
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Expires: 2017-02-28
Abstract
Abstract In the front end of a CDMA cellular or broadband PCS mobile phone receiver, a switched bypass connection is provided to bypass the low noise amplifier, sending the received signal through an amplifier bypass connection. The amplifier bypass connection may include an attenuator. The switched bypass is activated by a control signal generated by a digital signal processor. The digital signal processor analyzes the received signal to detect and determine the relative contribution of the IMD interference to the total received signal power and, when the IMD interference exceeds a predetermined level, sends a control signal to bypass the low noise amplifier. Identification of the presence of IMD interference is by spectral estimation to discern when the mobile phone is in the presence of large near-band signals from an AMPS or other narrow-band base station which causes in-band IMD. In a preferred embodiment, the spectral estimation is performed by collecting a series of data samples from the received signal and, using a digital signal processor (DSP), computing a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) to generate frequency domain data, passing the data through a filter bank, then using a decision algorithm to determine whether or not there is sufficient IMD present in the received signal to bypass the LNA. If the IMD level is high enough to warrant bypass of the LNA, the DSP will provide a signal to an automatic gain control (AGC) block for controlling a variable gain amplifier (VGA) to compensate for gain loss due to bypass of the LNA.
Inventors
- 👤 Thomas J. Kenney
- 👤 Ilkka Niva
- 👤 Steven D. Gray
- 👤 Joe Dowling
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-23 14:22
CPC Classifications
H; H04; H04B; H04B7/00; H04B7/24; H04B7/26; H04B1/00; H04B1/69; H04B1/707; H04B1/7097; H04B1/71; H04B1/7102; H04B1/06; H04B1/10; H04B1/1027
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 47
Claim 1
Independent Claim
223 words
A device for detecting and reducing in-band intermodulation distortion in a broadband-based mobile phone comprising: a receiver for receiving a signal within a broadband spectrum, the receiver having a low noise amplifier, switchable means for bypassing the low noise amplifier in response to a bypass command, and a converter for converting the received signal into a digital signal; a digital signal processor for receiving the digital signal, extracting a plurality of samples therefrom at a pre-determined sampling interval, performing a spectral estimation for each of the plurality of samples, the spectral estimation comprising a plurality of frequency values, each frequency value having a magnitude within a range of magnitudes, identifying within the range of magnitudes a first group of magnitudes and a second group of magnitudes, the first group comprising a pre-determined number of magnitudes at a high end of the range of magnitudes, computing a first averaged magnitude for the first group of magnitudes to determine an interference estimate, computing a second averaged magnitude for a second group to determine a noise estimate for the received signal, calculating an interference statistic from the first averaged magnitude and the second averaged magnitude, comparing the interference statistic to a pre-determined threshold and, if the interference statistic exceeds the pre-determined threshold, providing the bypass command to the switchable means to bypass the low noise amplifier.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
223 words
A device for detecting and reducing in-band intermodulation distortion in a broadband-based mobile phone comprising: a receiver for receiving a signal within a broadband spectrum, the receiver having a low noise amplifier, switchable means for bypassing the low noise amplifier in response to a bypass command, and a converter for converting the received signal into a digital signal; a digital signal processor for receiving the digital signal, extracting a plurality of samples therefrom at a pre-determined sampling interval, performing a spectral estimation for each of the plurality of samples, the spectral estimation comprising a plurality of frequency values, each frequency value having a magnitude within a range of magnitudes, identifying within the range of magnitudes a first group of magnitudes and a second group of magnitudes, the first group comprising a pre-determined number of magnitudes at a high end of the range of magnitudes, computing a first averaged magnitude for the first group of magnitudes to determine an interference estimate, computing a second averaged magnitude for a second group to determine a noise estimate for the received signal, calculating an interference statistic from the first averaged magnitude and the second averaged magnitude, comparing the interference statistic to a pre-determined threshold and, if the interference statistic exceeds the pre-determined threshold, providing the bypass command to the switchable means to bypass the low noise amplifier.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
22 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein the spectral estimation is performed within the digital signal processor using a discrete Fourier transform.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
63 words
A device as in claim 2, wherein the plurality of frequency values comprises N bins of the discrete Fourier transform and the digital signal processor further calculates an average bin magnitude for each bin from the plurality of samples to provide N average bin magnitudes, wherein the first averaged magnitude and the second averaged magnitude are calculated from the N average bin magnitudes.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
28 words
A device as in claim 3, wherein each of the plurality of samples is filtered by a bank of N filters with one filter corresponding to each bin.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
21 words
A device as in claim 2, wherein the digital signal processor computes the discrete Fourier transform using a fast Fourier transform.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
23 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein the interference statistic comprises a ratio of the first averaged magnitude and the second averaged magnitude.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
26 words
A device as in claim 1, wherein the pre-determined threshold is set to equal the interference statistic when in-band intermodulation noise is known to be present.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
52 words
A device as in claim 1, further comprising a variable gain amplifier and a gain control block responsive to the gain control signal, wherein the gain control block increases a gain of the variable gain amplifier when the digital signal processor generates a gain control signal in conjunction with the bypass command.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
27 words
A device as in claim 1, further comprising an attenuator connected to the switchable means for attenuating the received signal when the low noise amplifier is bypassed.
Claim 11
Independent Claim
134 words
A method for detecting an in-band interfering signal within a broad bandwidth receive signal comprising: receiving an analog receive signal; converting the analog receive signal to a digital signal; extracting a plurality of samples from the digital signal at a predetermined sampling interval; performing a spectral estimation for each of the plurality of samples, the spectral estimation comprising a plurality of frequency values, each frequency value having a magnitude within a range of magnitudes; identifying within the range of magnitudes a first group of magnitudes representative of frequency values of the plurality values having high level in-band interfering signals; comparing the first group of magnitudes against a second group of magnitudes within the range of magnitudes to determine an interference statistic; comparing the interference statistic to a pre-determined threshold indicative of in-band intermodulation distortion.
Claim 12
Independent Claim
134 words
A method for detecting an in-band interfering signal within a broad bandwidth receive signal comprising: receiving an analog receive signal; converting the analog receive signal to a digital signal; extracting a plurality of samples from the digital signal at a predetermined sampling interval; performing a spectral estimation for each of the plurality of samples, the spectral estimation comprising a plurality of frequency values, each frequency value having a magnitude within a range of magnitudes; identifying within the range of magnitudes a first group of magnitudes representative of frequency values of the plurality values having high level in-band interfering signals; comparing the first group of magnitudes against a second group of magnitudes within the range of magnitudes to determine an interference statistic; comparing the interference statistic to a pre-determined threshold indicative of in-band intermodulation distortion.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 10, wherein the step of performing a spectral estimation comprises calculating a discrete Fourier transform.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
66 words
The method of claim 11, wherein the plurality of frequency values comprises N bins of the discrete Fourier transform and the performing a spectral estimation further includes calculating an average bin magnitude for each bin from the plurality of samples to provide N average bin magnitudes, wherein the first group of magnitudes and the second group of magnitudes are taken from the N average bin magnitudes.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
33 words
The method of claim 12, wherein the step of spectral estimation further includes filtering each of the plurality of samples through a bank of N filters with one filter corresponding to each bin.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method of claim 13, wherein the step of filtering comprises using infinite impulse response filtering.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 11, wherein the step of calculating a discrete Fourier transform includes a fast Fourier transform.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 11, wherein the discrete Fourier transform has 64 points.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
34 words
The method of claim 10, wherein the interference statistic comprises a ratio of a first averaged magnitude of the first group of magnitudes and a second averaged magnitude of the second group of magnitudes.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
45 words
The method of claim 12, wherein the first group of magnitudes includes M average bin magnitudes, where M is a number of bins having high level in-band interfering signals, M being less than N, and the second group of magnitudes comprises (N-M) average bin magnitudes.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
59 words
The method of claim 12, wherein the first group of magnitudes includes M average bin magnitudes, where M is a subset of N bins having high level in-band interfering signals, and the second group of magnitudes comprises (N-(M+A)) average bin magnitudes, where A is a subset of N bins positioned adjacent the bin having high level in-band interfering signals.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 10, wherein the pre-determined threshold is set to equal the interference statistic when the high level narrow-band interfering signal is known to be present.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
245 words
In a mobile phone receiver having a low noise amplifier and a digital signal processor, a method for detecting and reducing distortion products resulting from a high level narrow-band interfering signal which produces in-band interference within a broad bandwidth receive signal, the method comprising: receiving an analog receive signal; converting the analog receive signal to a digital signal; extracting a plurality of samples from the digital signal at a predetermined sampling interval; in the digital signal processor, performing a spectral estimation for each of the plurality of samples, the spectral estimation comprising a plurality of frequency values, each frequency value having a magnitude within a range of magnitudes; identifying within the range of magnitudes a first group of magnitudes representative of the high level narrow-band interfering signal and a second group of magnitudes representative of a base noise level for the broad bandwidth receive signal, the first group comprising a pre-determined number of magnitudes at a high end of the range of magnitudes; computing a first averaged magnitude for the first group of magnitudes to determine an interference estimate of the in-band interference; computing a second averaged magnitude for a second group to determine a noise estimate for the received signal; calculating an interference statistic from the first averaged magnitude and the second averaged magnitude; comparing the interference statistic to a pre-determined threshold and, if the interference statistic exceeds the pre-determined threshold, providing a bypass command to a switch for bypassing the low noise amplifier.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
245 words
In a mobile phone receiver having a low noise amplifier and a digital signal processor, a method for detecting and reducing distortion products resulting from a high level narrow-band interfering signal which produces in-band interference within a broad bandwidth receive signal, the method comprising: receiving an analog receive signal; converting the analog receive signal to a digital signal; extracting a plurality of samples from the digital signal at a predetermined sampling interval; in the digital signal processor, performing a spectral estimation for each of the plurality of samples, the spectral estimation comprising a plurality of frequency values, each frequency value having a magnitude within a range of magnitudes; identifying within the range of magnitudes a first group of magnitudes representative of the high level narrow-band interfering signal and a second group of magnitudes representative of a base noise level for the broad bandwidth receive signal, the first group comprising a pre-determined number of magnitudes at a high end of the range of magnitudes; computing a first averaged magnitude for the first group of magnitudes to determine an interference estimate of the in-band interference; computing a second averaged magnitude for a second group to determine a noise estimate for the received signal; calculating an interference statistic from the first averaged magnitude and the second averaged magnitude; comparing the interference statistic to a pre-determined threshold and, if the interference statistic exceeds the pre-determined threshold, providing a bypass command to a switch for bypassing the low noise amplifier.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
51 words
The method of claim 21, further comprising a variable gain amplifier and a gain control block responsive to the gain control signal, wherein the gain control block increases a gain of the variable gain amplifier when the digital signal processor generates a gain control signal in conjunction with the bypass command.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 21, wherein the step of performing a spectral estimation comprises calculating a discrete Fourier transform.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
66 words
The method of claim 23, wherein the plurality of frequency values comprises N bins of the discrete Fourier transform and the performing a spectral estimation further includes calculating an average bin magnitude for each bin from the plurality of samples to provide N average bin magnitudes, wherein the first group of magnitudes and the second group of magnitudes are taken from the N average bin magnitudes.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
33 words
The method of claim 24, wherein the step of spectral estimation further includes filtering each of the plurality of samples through a bank of N filters with one filter corresponding to each bin.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method of claim 25, wherein the step of filtering comprises using infinite impulse response filtering.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 23, wherein the step of calculating a discrete Fourier transform includes performing a complex fast Fourier transform.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 23, wherein the discrete Fourier transform has 64 points.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 21, wherein the interference statistic comprises a ratio of the first averaged magnitude and the second averaged magnitude.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
45 words
The method of claim 23, wherein the first group of magnitudes includes M average bin magnitudes, where M is a number of bins having high level in-band interfering signals, M being less than N, and the second group of magnitudes comprises (N-M) average bin magnitudes.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
59 words
The method of claim 23, wherein the first group of magnitudes includes M average bin magnitudes, where M is a subset of N bins having high level in-band interfering signals, and the second group of magnitudes comprises (N-(M+A)) average bin magnitudes, where A is a subset of N bins positioned adjacent the bin having high level in-band interfering signals.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 21, wherein the pre-determined threshold is set to equal the interference statistic when the high level narrow-band interfering signal is known to be present.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
106 words
In a conventional CDMA mobile phone receiver front end having a low noise amplifier, and at least one digital-to-analog converter for converting an analog received signal within a CDMA bandwidth to a digital signal which is passed to a digital signal processor, a method for detecting in-band intermodulation distortion comprising: performing a spectral estimation within the digital signal processor for calculating an estimate of discrete signal magnitudes with frequencies within the CDMA bandwidth to distinguish between signal magnitudes attributable to in-band intermodulation distortion and signal magnitudes attributable to a noise signal to provide an interference statistic; and comparing the interference statistic to a pre-determined interference threshold.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
106 words
In a conventional CDMA mobile phone receiver front end having a low noise amplifier, and at least one digital-to-analog converter for converting an analog received signal within a CDMA bandwidth to a digital signal which is passed to a digital signal processor, a method for detecting in-band intermodulation distortion comprising: performing a spectral estimation within the digital signal processor for calculating an estimate of discrete signal magnitudes with frequencies within the CDMA bandwidth to distinguish between signal magnitudes attributable to in-band intermodulation distortion and signal magnitudes attributable to a noise signal to provide an interference statistic; and comparing the interference statistic to a pre-determined interference threshold.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
148 words
The method of claim 33, wherein the step of comparing comprises: obtaining a plurality of samples from the digital signal at a pre-determined sampling interval; performing a discrete Fourier transform on each of the plurality of samples to provide N bins within a frequency domain, each bin having a discrete signal magnitude; averaging the discrete signal magnitude for each bin of the N bins across the plurality of samples to obtain N averaged signal magnitudes; digitally filtering each bin of the N bins; identifying M bins of the N bins having a group of M highest magnitudes within the N averaged signal magnitudes; averaging the M highest magnitudes to provide an interference estimate; averaging (N-M) averaged signal magnitudes to provide a noise estimate; calculating an interference-to-noise ratio from the interference estimate and noise estimate; and comparing the interference-to-noise ratio to a pre-determined threshold indicative of in-band intermodulation distortion.
Claim 39
Independent Claim
63 words
A method of detecting in-band intermodulation distortion in a CDMA receiver, the method comprising the steps of: estimating a plurality of discrete signal magnitudes with frequencies within a CDMA bandwidth to distinguish between signal magnitudes attributable to in-band intermodulation distortion and signal magnitudes attributable to a noise signal to provide an interference statistic; and comparing the interference statistic to a pre-determined interference threshold.
Claim 40
Independent Claim
63 words
A method of detecting in-band intermodulation distortion in a CDMA receiver, the method comprising the steps of: estimating a plurality of discrete signal magnitudes with frequencies within a CDMA bandwidth to distinguish between signal magnitudes attributable to in-band intermodulation distortion and signal magnitudes attributable to a noise signal to provide an interference statistic; and comparing the interference statistic to a pre-determined interference threshold.
Claim 41
Independent Claim
90 words
A method of reducing in-band intermodulation distortion in a CDMA receiver receiving a CDMA bandwidth at a low noise amplifier of the receiver, the method comprising the steps of: estimating a plurality of discrete signal magnitudes with frequencies within the CDMA bandwidth to distinguish between signal magnitudes attributable to in-band intermodulation distortion and signal magnitudes attributable to a noise signal to provide an interference statistic; comparing the interference statistic to a pre-determined interference threshold; and reducing a signal gain if the interference statistic is greater than the pre-determined interference threshold.
Claim 42
Independent Claim
90 words
A method of reducing in-band intermodulation distortion in a CDMA receiver receiving a CDMA bandwidth at a low noise amplifier of the receiver, the method comprising the steps of: estimating a plurality of discrete signal magnitudes with frequencies within the CDMA bandwidth to distinguish between signal magnitudes attributable to in-band intermodulation distortion and signal magnitudes attributable to a noise signal to provide an interference statistic; comparing the interference statistic to a pre-determined interference threshold; and reducing a signal gain if the interference statistic is greater than the pre-determined interference threshold.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 36, wherein the step of reducing a signal gain comprises reducing a gain of the low noise amplifier.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 36, wherein the step of reducing a signal gain comprises by-passing the low noise amplifier.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 36, wherein the step of reducing a signal gain comprises attenuating the signal magnitudes.
Claim 46
Independent Claim
102 words
A device for reducing in-band intermodulation distortion in an broadband receiver, the device comprising: a low noise amplifier adapted to receive a broadband signal within a broadband spectrum; a converter adapted to convert the receive signal into a digital signal; a digital signal processor adapted to estimate a plurality of discrete signal magnitudes with frequencies within the broadband spectrum to distinguish between signal magnitudes attributable to in-band intermodulation distortion and signal magnitudes attributable to a noise signal to provide an interference statistic; a switch adapted to bypass the low noise amplifier when the interference statistic is greater than a pre-determined interference threshold.
Claim 47
Independent Claim
102 words
A device for reducing in-band intermodulation distortion in an broadband receiver, the device comprising: a low noise amplifier adapted to receive a broadband signal within a broadband spectrum; a converter adapted to convert the receive signal into a digital signal; a digital signal processor adapted to estimate a plurality of discrete signal magnitudes with frequencies within the broadband spectrum to distinguish between signal magnitudes attributable to in-band intermodulation distortion and signal magnitudes attributable to a noise signal to provide an interference statistic; a switch adapted to bypass the low noise amplifier when the interference statistic is greater than a pre-determined interference threshold.
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| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2002-12-27 | 2003-06-28 | 2003-12-28 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2006-12-27 | 2007-06-28 | 2007-12-28 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2010-12-27 | 2011-06-28 | 2011-12-28 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |