US5922183A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Metal oxide matrix biosensors
Assignee: EIC Laboratories Inc
•
Filing: 1997-06-23
•
Granted: 1999-07-13
•
Expires: 2017-06-23
Abstract
Abstract A thin film matrix for biomolecules, suitable for forming electrochemical and biosensors comprising a general class of materials known as hydrous metal oxides which are also conductive or semiconductive of electrons and which have been shown to have excellent stability against dissolution or irreversible reaction in aqueous and nonaqueous solutions. The composites are bifunctional, providing both amperometric and potentiometric (pH) transduction. The thin film composites of the oxides and biological molecules such as enzymes, antibodies, antigens and DNA strands can be used for both amperometric and potentiometric sensing. Hydrous Ir oxide is the preferred matrix embodiment, but conducting or semiconducting oxides, of Ru, Pd, Pt, Zr, Ti and Rh and mixtures thereof have similar features. The hydrous oxides are very stable against oxidation damage.
Inventors
- 👤 R. David Rauh
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-05 22:57
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01N; G01N27/00; G01N27/26; G01N27/28; G01N27/30; G01N27/327; G01N27/3271; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S435/00; Y10S435/817
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 25
Claim 1
Independent Claim
93 words
An electrode useful in chemical sensing comprising: (a) an electrically conductive base material (b) a thin film of a porous hydrous metal oxide conductive of both electrons and ions coated thereon and (c) one or more substances disposed within said metal oxide, said substances possessing reactive recognition properties for one or more chemicals wherein the hydrous metal oxide provides electrical contact between the electrically conductive base material and a product of said reactive recognition said hydrous metal oxide being derived substantially from Ir, Ru, Pd, Pt, Zr, Ti and Rh, or mixtures thereof.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
93 words
An electrode useful in chemical sensing comprising: (a) an electrically conductive base material (b) a thin film of a porous hydrous metal oxide conductive of both electrons and ions coated thereon and (c) one or more substances disposed within said metal oxide, said substances possessing reactive recognition properties for one or more chemicals wherein the hydrous metal oxide provides electrical contact between the electrically conductive base material and a product of said reactive recognition said hydrous metal oxide being derived substantially from Ir, Ru, Pd, Pt, Zr, Ti and Rh, or mixtures thereof.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
11 words
The electrode of claim 1 wherein said base material is Ir.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
33 words
The electrode of claim 1 wherein said substances with reactive recognition properties interact with a chemical to produce a product that is electrochemically active between -0.6V and 0.8V versus an Ag/AgCl reference electrode.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
29 words
The electrode of claim 1 obtained by electrochemical growth of the hydrous metal oxide on the parent metal in an electrolyte also containing said substances with reactive recognition properties.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
25 words
The electrode of claim 1 obtained by electrochemical polarization of said hydrous metal oxide film in the presence of said substances with molecular recognition properties.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
11 words
The electrode of claim 1 wherein said substance is an enzyme.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
12 words
The electrode of claim 6 wherein the enzyme is an oxidoreductase enzyme.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
12 words
The electrode of claim 7 wherein said oxidoreductase enzyme is glucose oxidase.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
58 words
An amperometric biosensor having an electrode as recited in claim 1 incorporated into an electrochemical cell containing an electrolyte also containing the chemical to be sensed the products of said reactive recognition being detected and quantified by transferring electrons between said product and said hydrous metal oxide electrode and to an external circuit incorporating a current measuring means.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
20 words
The amperometric biosensor of claim 9 wherein the current is greater than 10 microamps per cm 2 of electrode area.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
44 words
The amperometric biosensor of claim 9 wherein said substance with reactive recognition properties is glucose oxidase, said chemical is glucose, and said products are gluconolactone and FADH 2 contained within the glucose oxidase said detection proceeding by direct electrochemical oxidation of FADH 2 .
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
46 words
The amperometric biosensor of claim 9 wherein said substance with reactive recognition properties is glucose oxidase, said chemicals are glucose and O 2 , and said products are gluconolactone and H 2 O 2 said detection proceeding by electrochemical oxidation of H 2 O 2 .
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
31 words
The amperometric biosensor of claim 9 wherein an inhibitor of said substance with reactive recognition properties is detected by a decrease in current response to the products of said reactive recognition.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
69 words
A potentiometric biosensor having an electrode as recited in claim 1 incorporated in an electrochemical cell containing an electrolyte also containing the chemical to be sensed the products of said reactive recognition being detected by transferring protons or hydroxide to or from said hydrous metal oxide the accompanying change in the potential of the hydrous metal oxide electrode being detected by an external circuit incorporating a voltage measuring means.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
26 words
The potentiometric biosensor of claim 14 wherein the potential changes in less than 1 minute in response to a change in chemical composition of 100 mM.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
31 words
The potentiometric biosensor of claim 14 wherein said substance with reactive recognition properties is acetylcholinesterase, said chemical is acetylcholine, and said products include acetic acid which protonates said hydrous metal oxide.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
31 words
The potentiometric biosensor of claim 14 wherein an inhibitor of said substance with reactive recognition properties is detected by a decrease in voltage response to the products of said reactive recognition.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
31 words
The potentiometric biosensor of claim 14 wherein said substance with reactive recognition properties is acetylcholine, said chemical is acetylcholinesterase, and said products include acetic acid which protonates said hydrous metal oxide.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
19 words
The electrode of claim 1 wherein at least one of said substances with molecular recognition properties is an antibody.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
21 words
The electrode of claim 1 wherein at least one of said substances with molecular recognition properties is a nucleic acid strand.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
17 words
The electrode of claim 1 further containing an electron transfer mediator disposed within said hydrous metal oxide.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
16 words
The electrode of claim 21 wherein said electron transfer mediator is ferrocene or a ferrocene derivative.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
17 words
The electrode of claim 1 wherein said substances with reactive recognition properties are acetylcholinesterase and choline oxidase.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
49 words
An amperometric biosensor for acetylcholine comprising the electrode of claim 23 incorporated into an electrochemical cell the choline product of the said reactive recognition between acetylcholine and acetylcholinesterase interacting with choline oxidase to form betaine and a reduced product said detection proceeding by electrochemical oxidation of the reduced product.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US4115198A
Cited
US4545382A
Cited
US4711245A
Cited
US4613422A
Cited
US4677989A
Cited
US4970145A
Cited
US5231028A
Cited
US5262035A
Cited
US5320735A
Cited
US5356786A
Cited
US5200334A
Cited
US5264092A
Cited
US5507936A
Cited
US5378332A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2002-07-12 | 2003-01-11 | 2003-07-13 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2006-07-12 | 2007-01-11 | 2007-07-13 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2010-07-12 | 2011-01-11 | 2011-07-13 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |