US4545382A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Sensor for components of a liquid mixture
Assignee: Medisense Inc
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Filing: 1982-10-22
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Granted: 1985-10-08
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Expires: 2002-10-22
Abstract
Abstract A sensor electrode to detect one or more components in a liquid mixture comprises an electrically conductive material having at least an an external surface, the combination of an enzyme catalytic for a reaction of the desired component, and a mediator compound which transfers electrons from the enzyme to the electrode when such catalytic activity takes place. It can be used as an in vivo glucose sensor either with a silver electrode coated with e.g. glucose oxidase and a polyviologen as the mediators, or with a particulate carbon electrode, glucose oxidase and chloranil or fluoranil as mediator. Another system is to use bacterial glucose dehydrogenase or glucose oxidase as the enzyme and/or ferrocene or a ferrocene derivative as the mediators compound to give electrodes with improved linearity, speed of response and insensitivity to oxygen.
Inventors
- 👤 Irving J. Higgins
- 👤 Hugh A. O. Hill
- 👤 Elliot V. Plotkin
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-24 06:40
CPC Classifications
C; C12; C12Q; C12Q1/00; C12Q1/001; C12Q1/004; G; G01; G01N; G01N27/00; G01N27/26; G01N27/28; G01N27/30; G01N27/327; G01N27/3271; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S435/00; Y10S435/817
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 22
Claim 1
Independent Claim
88 words
A sensor electrode for use in a liquid mixture of components, said electrode being responsive to the presence of at least one selected component of said mixture capable of undergoing an enzyme-catalysed reaction, the electrode being composed of electrically conductive material and comprising, at least at an external surface thereof, the combination of an enzyme and a mediator comprising a ferrocene which transfer electrons between the enzyme and the conductive material of the electrode when the enzyme is catalytically active to provide a current representative of said activity.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
88 words
A sensor electrode for use in a liquid mixture of components, said electrode being responsive to the presence of at least one selected component of said mixture capable of undergoing an enzyme-catalysed reaction, the electrode being composed of electrically conductive material and comprising, at least at an external surface thereof, the combination of an enzyme and a mediator comprising a ferrocene which transfer electrons between the enzyme and the conductive material of the electrode when the enzyme is catalytically active to provide a current representative of said activity.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
24 words
A sensor electrode as claimed in claim 1 in which the enzyme catalyses a reaction of glucose whereby there is provided a glucose sensor.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
16 words
A sensor electrode as claimed in claim 2 in which the enzyme is a glucose oxidase.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
17 words
A sensor electrode as claimed in claim 2 in which the enzyme is a bacterial glucose dehydrogenase.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
19 words
A sensor electrode as claimed in claim 4 in which the glucose dehydrogenase is that separated from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
27 words
A sensor electrode as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5 in which the mediator is chosen from ferrocene, 1,1'-ferrocenedicarboxylic acid, dimethyl ferrocene, and polyvinyl ferrocene.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
30 words
A sensor electrode as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5 in which the electrode is made of a material chosen from silver, carbon particle paste and solid carbon.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
31 words
A sensor electrode as claimed in claim 7 wherein said electrode comprises solid carbon, a layer of ferrocene at an external surface thereof, and an enzyme located upon said ferrocene layer.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
24 words
A sensor electrode as claimed in claim 8 in which the ferrocene is deposited on the surface from a readily evaporatable organic solvent therefor.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
21 words
A sensor electrode as claimed in claim 9 in which the ferrocene is bonded to the solid carbon by carbo-diimide cross-linking.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
27 words
A sensor electrode as claimed in claim 8 in which the ferrocene is in polymeric form and produced at the surface by polymerisation of the corresponding monomer.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
29 words
A sensor electrode as claimed in claim 8 having an outermost protective membrane permeable to water and glucose molecules, said membrane covering said enzyme located upon said ferrocene layer.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
24 words
A sensor electrode as claimed in claim 12 in which the protective membrane is a layer of cellulose acetate deposited from a solution thereof.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
59 words
A sensor electrode for use in a liquid mixture including glucose, to provide a current representative of the presence of glucose therein, the electrode consisting essentially of solid carbon, a layer of ferrocene-type compound at an external surface thereof as an electron-transferring mediator, and an enzyme which is glucose oxidase or bacterial glucose dehydrogenase located upon said mediator layer.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
59 words
A sensor electrode for use in a liquid mixture including glucose, to provide a current representative of the presence of glucose therein, the electrode consisting essentially of solid carbon, a layer of ferrocene-type compound at an external surface thereof as an electron-transferring mediator, and an enzyme which is glucose oxidase or bacterial glucose dehydrogenase located upon said mediator layer.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
22 words
A sensor electrode as claimed in claim 14 in which the enzyme is a glucose oxidase immobilised on the mediator by DCC.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
26 words
A sensor electrode as claimed in claim 14 in which the enzyme is a bacterial glucose dehydrogenase deposited on the mediator layer from an evaporatable solution.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
29 words
A sensor electrode as claimed in claim 14 in which the enzyme is a bacterial glucose dehydrogenase held in a gelatine layer at the surface of the mediator layer.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
99 words
A sensor suitable for implantation comprising a sensor electrode and means for implantation of said sensor electrode in a human subject, said sensor electrode being responsive to the presence in said subject of at least one selected component capable of undergoing an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, said electrode being composed of electrically conductive material and comprising, at least at an external surface thereof, the combination of an enzyme, and a mediator comprising a ferrocene which transfers electrons between the enzyme and the conductive material of the electrode when the enzyme is catalytically active to provide a current representative of said activity.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
99 words
A sensor suitable for implantation comprising a sensor electrode and means for implantation of said sensor electrode in a human subject, said sensor electrode being responsive to the presence in said subject of at least one selected component capable of undergoing an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, said electrode being composed of electrically conductive material and comprising, at least at an external surface thereof, the combination of an enzyme, and a mediator comprising a ferrocene which transfers electrons between the enzyme and the conductive material of the electrode when the enzyme is catalytically active to provide a current representative of said activity.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
19 words
The sensor of claim 18 in which the implantation means is a needle-like probe carrying said sensor electrode thereon.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1988-10-07 | 1989-04-08 | 1989-10-08 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1992-10-07 | 1993-04-08 | 1993-10-08 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1996-10-07 | 1997-04-08 | 1997-10-08 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |