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US5825772A
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Distributed connection-oriented services for switched communications networks
Assignee: Extreme Networks Inc
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Filing: 1996-04-02
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Granted: 1998-10-20
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Expires: 2016-04-02
Abstract
Abstract Method and apparatus providing connection-oriented services for packet switched data communications networks. Directory services include distributed discovery of MAC addresses and protocol alias addresses. Topology services include a link state topology exchange among switches, which provides each switch with a complete topology graph of the network. This enables an access switch receiving a data packet to determine a complete path from a source end system to a destination end system. Another service includes resolution of broadcast frames to unicast frames, in order to reduce the amount of broadcast traffic. Policy restrictions may be applied prior to connection setup. Path determination services enable multiple paths from a source to a destination. Connection management includes source routed mapping of connections on the desired path. A distributed call rerouting service is provided wherein if a link on an active path fails, each switch receives a topology change notification and unmaps any connection involving the failed link. A broadcast/unknown service provides restricted flooding of nonresolvable packets. Furthermore, connection-oriented switching is provided based on the source and destination MAC addresses as a connection identifier. Still further, resolution of networks outside the switch domain is enabled by access switches listening for network and server route advertisements and maintaining best routes to said networks and servers. The best route metrics may be combined with best path metrics to determine a path from a first access switch to an egress switch connected to the external network.
Inventors
- 👤 Kurt Dobbins
- 👤 Thomas A. Grant
- 👤 David J. Ruffen
- 👤 Laura Kane
- 👤 Theodore Len
- 👤 Philip Andlauer
- 👤 David H. Bahi
- 👤 Kevin Yohe
- 👤 Brendan Fee
- 👤 Chris Oliver
- 👤 David L. Cullerot
- 👤 Michael Skubisz
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-03 08:27
CPC Classifications
H; H04; H04L; H04L45/00; H04L45/02; H04L45/04; H04L12/00; H04L12/02; H04L12/16; H04L12/18; H04L12/1886; H04L12/28; H04L12/46; H04L12/4641; H04L12/467; H04L41/00; H04L41/02; H04L41/0213; H04L45/16; H04L45/24; H04L45/34; H04L49/00; H04L49/20; H04L49/201; H04L49/35; H04L49/354; H04L12/1863; H04L12/1877; H04L2212/00; H04L41/40; H04L49/351
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 32
Claim 1
Independent Claim
192 words
A method of forwarding data packets in a switched communications network, the network including a plurality of end systems and switches connected by links, the switches having access ports connected to end systems and network ports connected to other switches, and each end system having a unique physical address, the method comprising the steps of: each one of the switches maintaining a directory of local mappings for access ports or end systems attached to the access ports of the one switch and remote mappings of end systems or access ports attached to other switches; when a first packet is received on an access port of a first switch, the first switch accessing its directory to find a mapping according to a destination address in the first packet; when a mapping is not found at the first switch in the director, forwarding a resolve message from the first switch to other switches, the forwarded resolve message being a request for a resolution from another switch according to the destination address in the first packet; and the first switch waiting for a response to its forwarded resolve message prior to forwarding the first packet.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
192 words
A method of forwarding data packets in a switched communications network, the network including a plurality of end systems and switches connected by links, the switches having access ports connected to end systems and network ports connected to other switches, and each end system having a unique physical address, the method comprising the steps of: each one of the switches maintaining a directory of local mappings for access ports or end systems attached to the access ports of the one switch and remote mappings of end systems or access ports attached to other switches; when a first packet is received on an access port of a first switch, the first switch accessing its directory to find a mapping according to a destination address in the first packet; when a mapping is not found at the first switch in the director, forwarding a resolve message from the first switch to other switches, the forwarded resolve message being a request for a resolution from another switch according to the destination address in the first packet; and the first switch waiting for a response to its forwarded resolve message prior to forwarding the first packet.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
55 words
The method of claim 1, wherein a local mapping includes at least one of: physical addresses of end systems locally attached to the one switch; alias addresses of end systems locally attached to the one switch; virtual LAN identifiers (VLAN-IDs) for the access ports or end systems attached to the one switch; and VLAN policy.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 1, wherein a remote mapping is one of an active or attempted connectivity resolution.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
64 words
The method of claim 1, wherein a remote mapping in the remote directory includes at least one of: physical addresses of the other switches that provided the connectivity resolutions; physical addresses of end systems attached to the other switches; alias addresses of end systems attached to the other switches; VLAN-IDs for access ports or end systems attached to the other switches; and VLAN policy.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 1, wherein each switch exchanges switch link state topology information.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 5, wherein the first switch uses its switch link state topology information to determine a path from a source switch to a destination switch.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
40 words
The method of claim 6, wherein the switch link state topology information includes switch/port pairs and each switch has a single physical layer address, and wherein each switch/port pair comprises the physical address of a switch and a port instance.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
42 words
The method of claim 7, wherein the first switch sends a connect message with a physical address of source end system and a physical address of destination end system as a connection identifier for mapping connections in all switches on the path.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 8, wherein the connect message includes an in-order list of switch/port pairs on the path.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
32 words
The method of claim 9, wherein the first packet is not forwarded by the first switch until the first switch receives a connect message response from the last switch on the path.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
53 words
The method of claim 10, wherein the connect message maps connections as it travels through the switches on the path, but the mapped connections remain disabled until receipt of a response sent by the last switch on the path which travels back through each switch on the reverse path to the first switch.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 6, wherein each one of the switches on the path maintains a "links-in-use" table of all links in the path.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
52 words
The method of claim 12, wherein upon receipt of a predetermined link state topology message regarding one or more of the links in the path, each switch on the path accesses its links-in-use table and unmaps any connection for the one or more links identified in the predetermined link state topology message.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 13, wherein the predetermined link state topology message indicates that a link has failed.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 6, wherein a path determined by the first switch includes multiple active paths.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 15, wherein the multiple paths are for the same source switch and destination switch.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
32 words
The method of claim 1, wherein the first switch attempts to map a broadcast packet to a single destination address in order to reduce an amount of broadcast traffic on the network.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 17, wherein the first switch attempts to map the broadcast packet by looking inside the packet and decoding protocol layers and higher-level addressing to determine a physical address of the single destination.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
59 words
The method of claim 1, wherein when the first switch cannot find a mapping according to the destination address, the first switch sending the first packet on a virtual spanning tree path to all other switches, and tagging the packet with a VLAN-ID which limits the egress ports on the other switches through which the first packet is forwarded.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
70 words
The method of forwarding data packets according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: when the first packet is received on the access port of the first switch, the first switch independently determining a call path from a source end system to a destination end system through one or more of the switches based on a unique connection identifier which includes the source and destination end system physical address.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 20, wherein the first switch enables directory resolution, topology exchange, and connection services.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 20, wherein the first switch independently determines a new call path upon receipt of a predefined switch link state topology message.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 20, wherein the call path includes multiple paths.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 3, wherein the multiple paths are for the same source switch and destination switch.
Claim 26
Independent Claim
200 words
A method of forwarding data packets in a switched communications network, the network including a plurality of end systems and switches connected by links, the switches having access ports connected to end systems and network ports connected to other switches, and each end system having a unique physical address, the method comprising the steps of: each one of the access switches maintaining a directory of local mappings for access ports or end systems attached to the access ports of the one access switch and remote mappings of end systems or access ports attached to other switches mapped to one or more virtual LAN identifiers (VLAN-IDs); when a first packet is received on an access port of a first switch, the first switch accessing its directory to find a mapping according to a destination address in the first packet; when a mapping is not found at the first switch in the director forwarding a resolve message from the first switch to other switches, the forwarded resolve message being a request for a resolution from another switch according to the destination address in the first packet; and waiting for a response to the forwarded resolve message prior to forwarding the first packet.
Claim 27
Independent Claim
200 words
A method of forwarding data packets in a switched communications network, the network including a plurality of end systems and switches connected by links, the switches having access ports connected to end systems and network ports connected to other switches, and each end system having a unique physical address, the method comprising the steps of: each one of the access switches maintaining a directory of local mappings for access ports or end systems attached to the access ports of the one access switch and remote mappings of end systems or access ports attached to other switches mapped to one or more virtual LAN identifiers (VLAN-IDs); when a first packet is received on an access port of a first switch, the first switch accessing its directory to find a mapping according to a destination address in the first packet; when a mapping is not found at the first switch in the director forwarding a resolve message from the first switch to other switches, the forwarded resolve message being a request for a resolution from another switch according to the destination address in the first packet; and waiting for a response to the forwarded resolve message prior to forwarding the first packet.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 25, wherein the remote mappings in the directory are limited to active or attempted connectivity resolutions.
Claim 29
Independent Claim
193 words
An apparatus for forwarding data packets in a switched communications network, the network including a plurality of end systems and switches connected by links, the switches having access ports connected to end systems and network ports connected to other switches, and each end system having a unique physical address, wherein each switch comprises: means for maintaining a directory of local mappings for access ports or end systems attached to the access ports of the respective one switch and remote mappings of end systems or access ports attached to other switches; and wherein a first switch comprises: means for accessing when a first packet is received on an access port of the first switch, its directory to find a mapping according to a destination address in the first packet; means for forwarding a resolve message from the first switch to other switches when a mapping is not found in the directory at the first switch, the forwarded resolve message being a request for resolution from another switch according to the destination address in the first packet; and means for forwarding the first packet once a response to the forwarded resolve message has been received.
Claim 30
Independent Claim
193 words
An apparatus for forwarding data packets in a switched communications network, the network including a plurality of end systems and switches connected by links, the switches having access ports connected to end systems and network ports connected to other switches, and each end system having a unique physical address, wherein each switch comprises: means for maintaining a directory of local mappings for access ports or end systems attached to the access ports of the respective one switch and remote mappings of end systems or access ports attached to other switches; and wherein a first switch comprises: means for accessing when a first packet is received on an access port of the first switch, its directory to find a mapping according to a destination address in the first packet; means for forwarding a resolve message from the first switch to other switches when a mapping is not found in the directory at the first switch, the forwarded resolve message being a request for resolution from another switch according to the destination address in the first packet; and means for forwarding the first packet once a response to the forwarded resolve message has been received.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
26 words
The apparatus according to claim 27, further comprising: means for removing a remote mapping when a predetermined time period has elapsed since it was last accessed.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
21 words
The apparatus according to claim 27, wherein a remote mapping is one of an active connection and an attempted connection resolution.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 2001-10-19 | 2002-04-20 | 2002-10-20 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 2005-10-19 | 2006-04-20 | 2006-10-20 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2009-10-19 | 2010-04-20 | 2010-10-20 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |